【Linux】网络编程_3

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十、网络基础

5. socket编程

socket 常见API

// 创建 socket 文件描述符 (TCP/UDP, 客户端 + 服务器)
int socket(int domain, int type, int protocol);
 
// 绑定端口号 (TCP/UDP, 服务器) 
int bind(int socket, const struct sockaddr *address,
 socklen_t address_len);
 
// 开始监听socket (TCP, 服务器)
int listen(int socket, int backlog);
 
// 接收请求 (TCP, 服务器)
int accept(int socket, struct sockaddr* address,
 socklen_t* address_len);
 
// 建立连接 (TCP, 客户端)
int connect(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr,
 socklen_t addrlen);

sockaddr结构

socket API是一层抽象的网络编程接口,适用于各种底层网络协议,如IPv4、IPv6,以及后面要讲的UNIX DomainSocket. 然而, 各种网络协议的地址格式并不相同。

IPv4、IPv6地址类型分别定义为常数AF_INET、AF_INET6. 这样,只要取得某种sockaddr结构体的首地址,不需要知道具体是哪种类型的sockaddr结构体,就可以根据地址类型字段确定结构体中的内容。
我们真正在基于IPv4编程时, 使用的数据结构是sockaddr_in; 这个结构里主要有三部分信息: 地址类型，端口号，IP地址。

简单的UDP网络程序

我们需要我们之前写的日志程序：
Log.hpp：

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include "LockGuard.hpp"

// 宏定义，用于定义日志格式
#define LOG(level, format, ...) do{LogMessage(__FILE__, __LINE__, gIsSave, level, format, ##__VA_ARGS__);}while (0)
// 将日志输入到文件
#define EnableFile() do{gIsSave = true;}while (0)
// 将日志输出到显示器
#define EnableScreen() do{gIsSave = false;}while (0)

bool gIsSave = false;
// 日志文件名
const std::string logname = "log.txt";

// 枚举日志级别
enum Level
{
    DEBUG = 0,
    INFO,
    WARNING,
    ERROR,
    FATAL
};

// 保存日志到文件
void SaveFile(const std::string &filename, const std::string &message)
{
    std::ofstream out(filename, std::ios::app);
    if (!out.is_open())
    {
        return;
    }
    out << message;
    out.close();
}

// 日志级别转字符串
std::string LevelToString(int level)
{
    switch (level)
    {
    case DEBUG:
        return "Debug";
    case INFO:
        return "Info";
    case WARNING:
        return "Warning";
    case ERROR:
        return "Error";
    case FATAL:
        return "Fatal";
    default:
        return "Unknown";
    }
}

// 获取当前时间字符串
std::string GetTimeString()
{
    time_t curr_time = time(nullptr);
    struct tm *format_time = localtime(&curr_time);
    if (format_time == nullptr)
        return "None";
    char time_buffer[1024];
    snprintf(time_buffer, sizeof(time_buffer), "%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d",
             format_time->tm_year + 1900,
             format_time->tm_mon + 1,
             format_time->tm_mday,
             format_time->tm_hour,
             format_time->tm_min,
             format_time->tm_sec);
    return time_buffer;
}

// 日志锁，同一时刻只能写一个日志
pthread_mutex_t lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;

// 日志信息
void LogMessage(std::string filename, int line, bool issave, int level, const char *format, ...)
{
    // 日志级别
    std::string levelstr = LevelToString(level);
    // 时间
    std::string timestr = GetTimeString();
    // 进程id
    pid_t selfid = getpid();

    // 日志内容
    char buffer[1024];
    va_list arg;
    va_start(arg, format);
    vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), format, arg);
    va_end(arg);

    // 日志格式化
    std::string message = "[" + timestr + "]" + "[" + levelstr + "]" +
                          "[" + std::to_string(selfid) + "]" +
                          "[" + filename + "]" + "[" + std::to_string(line) + "] " + buffer;
    LockGuard lockguard(&lock);

    // 输出日志
    if (!issave)
    {
        std::cout << message;
    }
    else
    {
        SaveFile(logname, message);
    }
}

封装的RAII模式的锁：
LockGuard.hpp：

#ifndef __LOCK_GUARD_HPP__
#define __LOCK_GUARD_HPP__

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>

class LockGuard
{
public:
    // 构造函数加锁
    LockGuard(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
        :_mutex(mutex)
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(_mutex);
    }

    // 析构函数解锁
    ~LockGuard()
    {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(_mutex);
    }
private:
    pthread_mutex_t *_mutex;
};

#endif

服务端代码：
UdpServer.hpp：

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cerrno>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include "Log.hpp"
#include "InetAddr.hpp"

enum
{
    SOCKET_ERROR = 1,
    BIND_ERROR,
    USAGE_ERROR
};

const static int defaultfd = -1;

class UdpServer
{
public:
    UdpServer(uint16_t port)
        :_sockfd(defaultfd)
        ,_port(port)
        ,_isrunning(false)
    {}

    void InitServer()
    {
        // 创建 UDP socket 套接字
        _sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
        if (_sockfd < 0)
        {
            LOG(FATAL, "socket error, %s, %d\n", strerror(errno), errno);
            exit(SOCKET_ERROR);
        }
        LOG(INFO, "socket create success, sockfd: %d\n", _sockfd);

        struct sockaddr_in local;
        bzero(&local, sizeof(local));
        local.sin_family = AF_INET;
        // 端口号要经过网络传输，需要转换成网络字节序
        local.sin_port = htons(_port);
        local.sin_addr.s_addr = 0;

        // 绑定本地地址
        int n = bind(_sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&local, sizeof(local));
        if (n < 0)
        {
            LOG(FATAL, "bind error, %s, %d\n", strerror(errno), errno);
            exit(BIND_ERROR);
        }
        LOG(INFO, "socket bind success\n");
    }

    void Start()
    {
        // 启动服务器
        _isrunning = true;
        while (true)
        {
            // 接收数据
            char buffer[1024];
            struct sockaddr_in peer;
            socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);
            ssize_t n = recvfrom(_sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, &len);
            if (n > 0)
            {
                // 收到数据，打印
                buffer[n] = '\0';
                InetAddr addr(peer);
                LOG(DEBUG, "get message from [%s:%d]: %s\n", addr.Ip().c_str(), addr.Port(), buffer);
                sendto(_sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, len);
            }
            // sleep(1);
            // LOG(DEBUG, "server is running...\n");
        }
        _isrunning = false;
    }

    ~UdpServer()
    {}
private:
    int _sockfd;
    // std::string _ip;
    // 服务器所用端口号
    uint16_t _port;
    bool _isrunning;
};

客户端代码：
UdpClient.hpp：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <cstdlib>

void Usage(std::string proc)
{
    std::cout << "Usage:\n\t" << proc << " local_ip local_prot\n" << std::endl;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    if (argc != 3)
    {
        Usage(argv[0]);
        exit(1);
    }
    // 获取本地IP地址和端口号
    std::string serverip = argv[1];
    uint16_t serverport = std::stoi(argv[2]);

    int sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if (sockfd < 0)
    {
        std::cerr << "socket error" << std::endl;
    }

    // 构建目标主机的socket信息
    struct sockaddr_in server;
    memset(&server, 0, sizeof(server));
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_port = htons(serverport);
    server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(serverip.c_str());
    std::string message;
    // 循环发送消息
    while (true)
    {
        // 输入消息
        std::cout << "Please Enter# ";
        std::getline(std::cin, message);
        sendto(sockfd, message.c_str(), message.size(), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&server, sizeof(server));

        // 接收消息
        struct sockaddr_in peer;
        socklen_t len = sizeof(peer);
        char buffer[1024];
        ssize_t n = recvfrom(sockfd, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1, 0, (struct sockaddr*)&peer, &len);
        if (n > 0)
        {
            std::cout << "server echo# " << buffer <<std::endl;
        }
    }
    
    return 0;
}

发送者数据：
InetAddr.hpp：

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

class InetAddr
{
private:
    void GetAddress(std::string *ip, uint16_t *port)
    {
        *port = ntohs(_addr.sin_port);
        *ip = inet_ntoa(_addr.sin_addr);
    }

public:
    InetAddr(const struct sockaddr_in &addr) : _addr(addr)
    {
        GetAddress(&_ip, &_port);
    }

    std::string Ip()
    {
        return _ip;
    }

    uint16_t Port()
    {
        return _port;
    }

    ~InetAddr()
    {}
private:
    struct sockaddr_in _addr;
    std::string _ip;
    uint16_t _port;
};

Main.cc：

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include "UdpServer.hpp"

void Usage(std::string proc)
{
    std::cout << "Usage:\n\t" << proc << " local_prot\n" << std::endl;
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    if (argc != 2)
    {
        Usage(argv[0]);
        exit(USAGE_ERROR);
    }
    EnableScreen();
    // std::string local_ip = argv[1];
    uint16_t port = std::stoi(argv[1]);
    std::unique_ptr<UdpServer> usvr(new UdpServer(port));
    // 初始化服务器
    usvr->InitServer();
    // 启动服务器
    usvr->Start();
    return 0;
}

Makefile：

.PHONY:all
all:udpserver udpclient

udpserver:Main.cc
	g++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++11
udpclient:UdpClient.cc
	g++ -o $@ $^ -std=c++11
.PHONY:clean
clean:
	rm -f udpserver udpclient

结果：
服务端输入：./udpserver 端口号 即可
客户端输入：./udpclient 服务器的ip地址（若是本地互联，输入0即可） 端口号 即可

成功通信！

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未完待续