1、本地同步
环境准备
[root@1 ~]# yum -y install rsync
[root@1 ~]# mkdir aa
[root@1 ~]# mkdir bb
[root@1 ~]# touch aa/file{0..9}
[root@1 ~]# tree aa
aa
├── file0
├── file1
├── file2
├── file3
├── file4
├── file5
├── file6
├── file7
├── file8
└── file9
0 directories, 10 files
[root@1 ~]# tree bb
bb
0 directories, 0 files
练习
[root@1 ~]# rsync -av aa/ bb //同步aa目录下的文件
sending incremental file list
./
file0
file1
file2
file3
file4
file5
file6
file7
file8
file9
sent 574 bytes received 209 bytes 1,566.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@1 ~]# tree bb
bb
├── file0
├── file1
├── file2
├── file3
├── file4
├── file5
├── file6
├── file7
├── file8
└── file9
0 directories, 10 files
2、远程同步
环境准备
[root@2 ~]# rm -rf /tmp/*
[root@2 ~]# ls /tmp
练习
[root@1 ~]# rsync -av aa root@10.0.0.20:/tmp/ //同步aa目录
sending incremental file list
aa/
aa/file0
aa/file1
aa/file2
aa/file3
aa/file4
aa/file5
aa/file6
aa/file7
aa/file8
aa/file9
sent 585 bytes received 210 bytes 1,590.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@2 ~]# tree /tmp/
/tmp/
└── aa
├── file0
├── file1
├── file2
├── file3
├── file4
├── file5
├── file6
├── file7
├── file8
└── file9
1 directory, 10 files
3、远程同步一个项目
环境准备
[root@1 ~]# mkdir -p /app1/studentweb/src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb
[root@1 ~]# touch /app1/studentweb/src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file{0..9}
[root@1 ~]# tree /app1/
/app1/
└── studentweb
└── src
└── main
└── java
└── co
└── goho
└── jiaqi.studentweb
├── file0
├── file1
├── file2
├── file3
├── file4
├── file5
├── file6
├── file7
├── file8
└── file9
[root@1 ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
[app]
path=/app/studentweb/
log file=/var/log/rsync.log
auth users=tom,jerry
secrets file=/etc/rsync.secrets
[app1]
path=/app1/studentweb/
log file=/var/log/app1.log
[root@1 ~]# systemctl restart rsyncd
练习
[root@2 ~]# rsync -a root@10.0.0.11::
app
app1
[root@2 ~]# rsync -av root@10.0.0.11::app1 /tmp/
receiving incremental file list
./
src/
src/main/
src/main/java/
src/main/java/co/
src/main/java/co/goho/
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file0
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file1
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file2
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file3
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file4
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file5
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file6
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file7
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file8
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file9
sent 245 bytes received 733 bytes 1,956.00 bytes/sec
total size is 0 speedup is 0.00
[root@2 ~]# tree /tmp/
/tmp/
├── aa
│ ├── file0
│ ├── file1
│ ├── file2
│ ├── file3
│ ├── file4
│ ├── file5
│ ├── file6
│ ├── file7
│ ├── file8
│ └── file9
└── src
└── main
└── java
└── co
└── goho
└── jiaqi.studentweb
├── file0
├── file1
├── file2
├── file3
├── file4
├── file5
├── file6
├── file7
├── file8
└── file9
7 directories, 20 files
4、监控测试
环境准备
[root@1 ~]# yum -y install inotify-tools-devel.x86_64
[root@1 ~]# inotifywa
inotifywait inotifywatch
练习
[root@1 ~]# inotifywait -mr /app1/studentweb/
Setting up watches. Beware: since -r was given, this may take a while!
Watches established.
|
新开一个窗口
[root@1 ~]# touch /app1/studentweb/shiweiyan.txt
查看原窗口
新窗口中输入
[root@1 ~]# vim /app1/studentweb/shiweiyan.txt
I eat food
查看原窗口
5、设置计划任务进行自动实时同步
环境准备
[root@2 ~]# rm -rf /tmp/*
[root@1 ~]# which rsync
/usr/bin/rsync
练习
[root@1 ~]# crontab -e
*/1 * * * * /usr/bin/rsync -av /app1/studentweb/ root@10.0.0.20:/tmp/
[root@2 ~]# tree /tmp/
/tmp/
├── shiweiyan.txt
└── src
└── main
└── java
└── co
└── goho
└── jiaqi.studentweb
├── file0
├── file1
├── file2
├── file3
├── file4
├── file5
├── file6
├── file7
├── file8
└── file9
6 directories, 11 files
6、编写shell脚本进行自动监控实时同步
环境准备
[root@1 ~]# rsync -av /app1/studentweb/ root@10.0.0.20:/tmp/
sending incremental file list
./
shiweiyan.txt
tiantian.txt
src/
src/main/
src/main/java/
src/main/java/co/
src/main/java/co/goho/
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file0
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file1
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file2
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file3
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file4
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file5
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file6
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file7
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file8
src/main/java/co/goho/jiaqi.studentweb/file9
sent 907 bytes received 279 bytes 790.67 bytes/sec
total size is 11 speedup is 0.01
[root@2 ~]# tree /tmp/
/tmp/
├── shiweiyan.txt
├── src
│ └── main
│ └── java
│ └── co
│ └── goho
│ └── jiaqi.studentweb
│ ├── file0
│ ├── file1
│ ├── file2
│ ├── file3
│ ├── file4
│ ├── file5
│ ├── file6
│ ├── file7
│ ├── file8
│ └── file9
└── tiantian.txt
6 directories, 12 files
[root@1 ~]# crontab -e //dd删除计划任务
[root@1 ~]# which inotifywait
/usr/bin/inotifywait
测试
[root@1 ~]# vim inotifyapp1.sh
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/inotifywait -mrq -e modify,delete,create,attrib,move /app1/studentweb | while read events
do
rsync -av --delete /app1/studentweb/ root@10.0.0.20:/tmp/
echo "`date +%F\ %T`出现事件$events" >> /var/log/app1.log 2>&1
done
[root@1 ~]# chmod +x inotifyapp1.sh
[root@1 ~]# nohup ./inotifyapp1.sh &
[4] 2072
[root@1 ~]# nohup: 忽略输入并把输出追加到"nohup.out"
[root@1 ~]#
[root@1 ~]# touch /app1/studentweb/tiantian.txt
[root@2 ~]# tree /tmp
/tmp
├── haha.txt
├── shiweiyan.txt
├── src
│ └── main
│ └── java
│ └── co
│ └── goho
│ └── jiaqi.studentweb
│ ├── file0
│ ├── file1
│ ├── file2
│ ├── file3
│ ├── file4
│ ├── file5
│ ├── file6
│ ├── file7
│ ├── file8
│ └── file9
└── tiantian.txt
6 directories, 13 files
[root@1 ~]# cat /var/log/app1.log
2024-07-18 22:33:56出现事件/app1/studentweb/ CREATE haha.txt
2024-07-18 22:33:56出现事件/app1/studentweb/ ATTRIB haha.txt
[root@1 ~]# vim /app1/studentweb/haha.txt
看,灰机
[root@2 ~]# cat /tmp/haha.txt
看,灰机
[root@1 ~]# cat /var/log/app1.log
#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/inotifywait -mrq -e modify,delete,create,attrib,move /app1/studentweb | while read events
do
rsync -av --delete /app1/studentweb/ root@10.0.0.20:/tmp/
echo "`date +%F\ %T`出现事件$events" >> /var/log/app1.log 2>&1
done
这段脚本是一个使用 inotifywait 工具进行文件系统事件监测,并在监测到事件时执行 rsync 同步操作以及记录日志的 Bash 脚本。
#!/bin/bash
这是 Bash 脚本的开头声明,告诉系统使用 /bin/bash 解释器来执行此脚本。
/usr/bin/inotifywait -mrq -e modify,delete,create,attrib,move /app1/studentweb | while read events
/usr/bin/inotifywait 用于监测指定目录 /app1/studentweb 中的文件系统事件。
-m 表示持续监测,而不是在监测到一个事件后就退出。
-r 表示递归监测子目录。
-q 表示以安静模式运行,减少不必要的输出。
-e 后面指定要监测的事件类型,包括修改(modify)、删除(delete)、创建(create)、属性更改(attrib)和移动(move)。
监测到的事件会通过管道 | 传递给 while read events 部分进行处理。
while read events 是一个在 Bash 脚本中常见的结构。
它的作用是从前面命令的输出中逐行读取数据,并将每一行的数据赋值给变量 events ,然后在 while 循环中对这一行的数据进行处理。
在 do-done 循环中,执行了以下两个操作:
rsync -av --delete /app1/studentweb/ root@10.0.0.20:/tmp/ :使用 rsync 工具将 /app1/studentweb 目录以递归、保持文件属性和删除目标端多余文件的方式同步到远程主机 10.0.0.20 的 /tmp/ 目录。
echo "date +%F\ %T出现事件 $events" >> /var/log/app1.log 2>&1 :记录当前的日期时间和监测到的事件到 /var/log/app1.log 日志文件中。2>&1 表示将标准错误输出也重定向到标准输出,一起写入日志文件。
例如,如果在 /app1/studentweb 目录中创建了一个新文件,脚本会立即触发 rsync 同步操作,并在日志中记录事件信息。
这段脚本常用于实时同步文件,并对文件系统的更改进行监控和记录,以确保数据的一致性和可追溯性