Java平台提供了字符串类来创建和操作字符串。
创作字串:
最直接的方式来创建一个字符串是这样写的:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#7f0055">字符串</span><span style="color:#000000">greeting </span><span style="color:#666600">= </span><span style="color:#008800">"Hello world!" </span><span style="color:#666600">;</span> </span></span>
每次遇到一个字符串在代码中,编译器在这种情况下创建一个字符串对象,如:“Hello world!”。
新的关键通过使用使用关键关键关键关键关键字字字并函数创建创建对象对象对象对象对象。。类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类类有有类有构造构造构造构造函数提供允许不同的的的来源来源来源来源
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#000088">公共</span><span style="color:#000088">类</span><span style="color:#7f0055">StringDemo </span><span style="color:#666600">{</span>
<span style="color:#000088">public </span><span style="color:#000088">static </span><span style="color:#000088">void </span><span style="color:#000000">main </span><span style="color:#666600">( </span><span style="color:#7f0055">String </span><span style="color:#000000">args </span><span style="color:#666600">[]){ </span><span style="color:#000088">char </span><span style="color:#666600">[] </span><span style="color:#000000">helloArray </span><span style="color:#666600">= </span><span style="color:#666600">{ </span><span style="color:#008800">'h' </span><span style="color:#666600">, </span><span style="color:#008800">'e' </span><span style="color:#666600">, </span><span style="color:#008800">'l' </span><span style="color:#666600">, </span><span style="color:#008800">'l' </span><span style="color:#666600">, </span><span style="color:#008800">'o' </span><span style="color:#666600">, </span><span style="color:#008800">'.' </span><span style="color:#666600">}; </span><span style="color:#7f0055">String </span><span style="color:#000000">helloString </span><span style="color:#666600">= </span><span style="color:#000088">new </span><span style="color:#7f0055">String </span><span style="color:#666600">( </span><span style="color:#000000">helloArray </span><span style="color:#666600">); </span><span style="color:#7f0055">系统</span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000088">出来</span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000000">println </span><span style="color:#666600">(</span><span style="color:#000000">你好字符串</span><span style="color:#666600">); </span><span style="color:#666600">} </span><span style="color:#666600">}</span>
</span></span>
这将产生以下结果:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f1f1f1">你好。
</span></span>
注: String类是不可改变的,因此,一旦创建了String对象,那么就是不能修改的。如果必须修改字符符的字符串,那么应该使用 String Buffer & String Builder 类。
字符串长度:
用于获取有关联象的信息的方法称为存取方法。可以使用字符串使用一个访问器是length()方法,它返回包含在字符串对字符中的字符。
下面的两行代码被执行之后,len等于17:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#000088">公共</span><span style="color:#000088">类</span><span style="color:#7f0055">StringDemo </span><span style="color:#666600">{</span>
<span style="color:#000088">public </span><span style="color:#000088">static </span><span style="color:#000088">void </span><span style="color:#000000">main </span><span style="color:#666600">( </span><span style="color:#7f0055">String </span><span style="color:#000000">args </span><span style="color:#666600">[]) </span><span style="color:#666600">{ </span><span style="color:#7f0055">String </span><span style="color:#000000">palindrome </span><span style="color:#666600">= </span><span style="color:#008800">"Dot saw I was Tod" </span><span style="color:#666600">; </span><span style="color:#000088">int </span><span style="color:#000000">len </span><span style="color:#666600">=</span><span style="color:#000000">回文</span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000000">长度</span><span style="color:#666600">();</span><span style="color:#7f0055">系统</span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000088">出来</span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000000">println </span><span style="color:#666600">( </span><span style="color:#008800">"字符串长度为:" </span><span style="color:#666600">+ </span><span style="color:#000000">len </span><span style="color:#666600">); </span><span style="color:#666600">} </span><span style="color:#666600">}</span>
</span></span>
这将产生以下结果:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f1f1f1">字符串长度为:17
</span></span>
连接字串:
字符串类包例如用于连接两个字符串的方法:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#000000">字符串 1 </span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000000">连接</span><span style="color:#666600">(</span><span style="color:#000000">字符串2 </span><span style="color:#666600">);</span></span></span>
这个返回一个string1和string2添加到它在最后一个新的字符串。还可以使用concat()方法连接字符串,如:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#008800">“我的名字是” </span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000000">连接</span><span style="color:#666600">(</span><span style="color:#008800">“Zara” </span><span style="color:#666600">);</span></span></span>
字符串比较常用连接在一起使用“+”运算符,如:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#008800">“你好” </span><span style="color:#666600">+ </span><span style="color:#008800">“世界” </span><span style="color:#666600">+ </span><span style="color:#008800">“!”</span> </span></span>
这将产生:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#008800">“你好世界!”</span></span></span>
看下面的例子:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#000088">公共</span><span style="color:#000088">类</span><span style="color:#7f0055">StringDemo </span><span style="color:#666600">{</span>
<span style="color:#000088">public </span><span style="color:#000088">static </span><span style="color:#000088">void </span><span style="color:#000000">main </span><span style="color:#666600">( </span><span style="color:#7f0055">String </span><span style="color:#000000">args </span><span style="color:#666600">[]) </span><span style="color:#666600">{ </span><span style="color:#7f0055">String </span><span style="color:#000000">string1 </span><span style="color:#666600">= </span><span style="color:#008800">"saw I was " </span><span style="color:#666600">; </span><span style="color:#7f0055">系统</span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000088">出来</span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000000">println </span><span style="color:#666600">( </span><span style="color:#008800">"点 " </span><span style="color:#666600">+ </span><span style="color:#000000">string1 </span><span style="color:#666600">+ </span><span style="color:#008800">"Tod" </span><span style="color:#666600">); </span><span style="color:#666600">} </span><span style="color:#666600">}</span>
</span></span>
这将产生以下结果:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f1f1f1">点看到我是托德
</span></span>
创造格式化字串:
已经有printf()和format()方法来打印输出格式的数字。String类有一个等价类的方法format(),它返回一个String对象,而不是一个PrintStream对象。
使用字符串的静态format() 方法允许创建可重新使用的格式化字符串,而不是一次一次的打印语句。例如,替代方法如下:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#7f0055">系统</span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000088">出来</span><span style="color:#666600">。</span><span style="color:#000000">printf </span><span style="color:#666600">( </span><span style="color:#008800">"浮点型变量的值为" </span><span style="color:#666600">+ </span><span style="color:#008800">"%f,整型变量" </span><span style="color:#666600">+ </span><span style="color:#008800">"的值为%d,字符串" </span><span style="color:#666600">+ </span><span style="color:#008800">"为%s" </span><span style="color:#666600">, </span><span style="color:#000000">floatVar </span><span style="color:#666600">, </span><span style="color:#000000">intVar </span><span style="color:#666600">, </span><span style="color:#000000">stringVar </span><span style="color:#666600">);</span>
</span></span>
可以这样写:
<span style="color:#333333"><span style="background-color:#f5f5f5"><span style="color:#7f0055">String</span><span style="color:#000000"> fs</span><span style="color:#666600">;</span><span style="color:#000000">
fs </span><span style="color:#666600">=</span> <span style="color:#7f0055">String</span><span style="color:#666600">.</span><span style="color:#000000">format</span><span style="color:#666600">(</span><span style="color:#008800">"The value of the float variable is "</span> <span style="color:#666600">+</span>
<span style="color:#008800">"%f, while the value of the integer "</span> <span style="color:#666600">+</span>
<span style="color:#008800">"variable is %d, and the string "</span> <span style="color:#666600">+</span>
<span style="color:#008800">"is %s"</span><span style="color:#666600">,</span><span style="color:#000000"> floatVar</span><span style="color:#666600">,</span><span style="color:#000000"> intVar</span><span style="color:#666600">,</span><span style="color:#000000"> stringVar</span><span style="color:#666600">);</span>
<span style="color:#7f0055">System</span><span style="color:#666600">.</span><span style="color:#000088">out</span><span style="color:#666600">.</span><span style="color:#000000">println</span><span style="color:#666600">(</span><span style="color:#000000">fs</span><span style="color:#666600">);</span></span></span>
String 方法:
这里是由String类支持的方法列表: