负载均衡ribbon

1、什么是负载均衡

** ribbon是基于netflix ribbon实现的一个工作在consumer端的负载均衡工具，提供了很多负载均衡策略：轮询、随机 **

2、ribbon入门

1）创建服务提供者ribbon_provider

pom

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--nacos客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

service

package com.bjpoernode.service;

import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    @Override
    public User getUserById(Integer id) {
        return new User(id,"王粪堆1",18);//另外一个可以设置为王粪堆2以便观察负载均衡
    }
}

contrller

package com.bjpoernode.controller;

import com.bjpoernode.service.UserService;
import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/provider")
public class ProviderController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/getUserById/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        return userService.getUserById(id);
    }
}

app

package com.bjpoernode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProviderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApp.class);
    }
}

将ribbon_provider再复制一份来测试负载均衡
两个项目的application.yml分别为

server:
  port: 9090
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.209.129:8848
  application:
    name: ribbon-provider

server:
  port: 9091
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.209.129:8848
  application:
    name: ribbon-provider

2）创建服务消费者ribbon_consumer：

pom

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--nacos客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

config

package com.bjpowernode.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {

    @Bean
    /**
     * 1.在RestTemplate上添加@LoadBalanced后，ribbon会给RestTemplate的请求添加拦截器
     * 2.在拦截器中根据serverId获得List<Service>，然后再使用ribbon的负载均衡算法从
     *   List<Service>获得 一个service
     * 3.最后再把serverId换成ip和端口
     */
    @LoadBalanced //开启ribbon负载均衡，默认是轮询策略
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    //随机策略
    @Bean
    public IRule iRule(){
        return new RandomRule();
    }
}

contrller

package com.bjpowernode.controller;

import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer")
public class ConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    private int currentIndex;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/getUserById/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        //获取nacos中注册的指定服务信息
/*        List<ServiceInstance> serviceList
                = discoveryClient.getInstances("ribbon-provider");
        //随机方式获得服务
//        currentIndex = new Random().nextInt(serviceList.size());
        轮询方式获得服务
        currentIndex = (currentIndex + 1) % serviceList.size();
        ServiceInstance instance = serviceList.get(currentIndex);
        //调用服务
        String url="http://"+ instance.getHost() +":"+ instance.getPort() +"provider/getUserById/"+id;*/

        //不使用ribbon：ip:port
        //String serviceUrl = "127.0.0.1:9090";
        //使用ribbon：不再使用ip:port的方式，而是改成了serviceId(即Nacos中注册的服务名称)
        String url = "http://ribbon-provider/provider/getUserById/"+id;
        return restTemplate.getForObject(url, User.class);
    }
}

app

package com.bjpowernode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApp.class);
    }
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.10.135:8848 #nacos服务的地址
  application:
    name: ribbon-consumer #向注册中心注册的名字