声明式服务调用Feign

1、feign介绍

1）什么是feign？

    feign是spring cloud提供的声明式的http客户端，工作在consumer端
    feign支持springmvc注解
    feign集成ribbon也支持负载均衡(restTemplate+ribbon=feign)

2）feign启动器

spring-cloud-starter-openfeign

2、feign入门案例

1）创建服务提供者feign_provider

pom

     <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--nacos客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

service

package com.bjpoernode.service;

import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
    @Override
    public User getUserById(Integer id) {
        return new User(id,"王粪堆1",18);
    }
}

contrller

package com.bjpoernode.controller;

import com.bjpoernode.service.UserService;
import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/provider")
public class ProviderController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @RequestMapping("/getUserById/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        return userService.getUserById(id);
    }
}

app

package com.bjpoernode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProviderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProviderApp.class);
    }
}

server:
  port: 9090
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.10.135:8848 #nacos服务的地址
  application:
    name: feign-provider #向注册中心注册的名字

2）创建接口feign_interface

pom

      <dependencies>
        <!--Spring Cloud OpenFeign Starter -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

写一个feign接口

package com.bjpowernode.feign;

import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

//问题1：feign的运行原理?
@FeignClient("feign-provider")
@RequestMapping("/provider")
public interface UserFeign {
    @RequestMapping("/getUserById/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);//问题2：?必须("id")
}

3）创建服务消费者ribbon_consumer：

pom

      <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
            <artifactId>springcloud_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--nacos客户端-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--feign接口-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.bjpowernode</groupId>
            <artifactId>feign_interface</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

config

package com.bjpowernode.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@Configuration
public class ConfigBean {

    @Bean
    /**
     * 1.在RestTemplate上添加@LoadBalanced后，ribbon会给RestTemplate的请求添加拦截器
     * 2.在拦截器中根据serverId获得List<Service>，然后再使用ribbon的负载均衡算法从
     *   List<Service>获得 一个service
     * 3.最后再把serverId换成ip和端口
     */
    @LoadBalanced //开启ribbon负载均衡，默认是轮询策略
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    //随机策略
    @Bean
    public IRule iRule(){
        return new RandomRule();
    }
}

contrller

package com.bjpowernode.controller;

import com.bjpowernode.feign.UserFeign;
import com.bjpowernode.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

@RestController
@RequestMapping(value = "/consumer")
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private UserFeign userFeign;

    @RequestMapping("/getUserById/{id}")
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable Integer id){
        return userFeign.getUserById(id);
    }
}

app

package com.bjpowernode;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients //开启feign
public class ConsumerApp {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApp.class);
    }
}

application.yml

server:
  port: 8080
spring:
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 192.168.10.135:8848 #nacos服务的地址
  application:
    name: feign-consumer #向注册中心注册的名字

3.Feign参数传递

传参方式：

• restful风格：

​ feign接口：@PathVarible【拼接restful形式的url】

• ？传参

​ feign接口：@RequestParam【拼接?形式的url】

• pojo参数

​ provider： @RequestBody User user【获取请求体中的json串】