Spring整合JUnit

• spring底层有一套API，这套API专门支持JUnit

Spring 对 JUnit4 的支持

Spring提供的方便主要是这几个注解：

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring.xml")

在单元测试类上使用这两个注解之后，在单元测试类中的属性上可以使用@Autowired。比较方便。

<dependencies>
  <!-- spring核心依赖 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>6.0.8</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- spring对JUnit的支持的依赖 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <!-- 这个版本支持JUnit4也支持JUnit5 -->
    <version>6.0.8</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- junit 4 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.13.2</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

实体类

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

/**
 * ClassName: User
 * Package: cw.study.spring.bean
 * Description:
 *
 * @Author tcw
 * @Create 2023-06-05 12:18
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Component
public class User {
    @Value("张三")
    private String name;
    
    public User() {
    }
    
    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + '}';
    }
}

spring.xml 配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!-- 组件扫描 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="cw.study.spring.bean"/>
	
</beans>

测试程序

import cw.study.spring.bean.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

/**
 * ClassName: TestJUnit4
 * Package: PACKAGE_NAME
 * Description:
 *
 * @Author aa
 * @Create 2023-06-05 12:19
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) // JUnit4中的注解
// 使用注解的方式为测试类加载配置文件创建spring容器
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring.xml")
public class TestJUnit4 {

    @Autowired // 自动为属性注入
    private User user;
    
    @Test
    public void test01() {
        // 测试方法中可以直接使用spring容器中的组件，不用在创建容器获取组件
        System.out.println(user);
    }
       
}

Spring对JUnit5的支持

依赖

• 引入JUnit5的依赖，Spring对JUnit支持的依赖还是：spring-test

<dependencies>
  <!-- spring核心依赖 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>6.0.8</version>
  </dependency>
  <!-- spring对JUnit的支持的依赖 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <!-- 这个版本支持JUnit4也支持JUnit5 -->
    <version>6.0.8</version>
  </dependency>
  <!--junit5依赖-->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
    <version>5.9.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
  </dependency>
</dependencies>

实体类

package cw.study.spring.bean;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;

/**
 * ClassName: User
 * Package: cw.study.spring.bean
 * Description:
 *
 * @Author tcw
 * @Create 2023-06-05 12:18
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@Component
public class User {
    @Value("张三")
    private String name;
    
    public User() {
    }
    
    public User(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + '}';
    }
}

spring.xml 配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
						   http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

	<!-- 组件扫描 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="cw.study.spring.bean"/>
	
</beans>

测试程序

• 如果使用配置类代替配置文件，注解用这个@ContextConfiguration(classes = Spring6Config.class)

import cw.study.spring.bean.User;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;

/**
 * ClassName: TestJUnit5
 * Package: PACKAGE_NAME
 * Description:
 *
 * @Author tcw
 * @Create 2023-06-05 12:31
 * @Version 1.0
 */
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class) // JUnit5中的注解
// 使用注解的方式为测试类加载配置文件创建spring容器
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:spring.xml")
public class TestJUnit5 {
    
        @Autowired // 自动为属性注入
        private User user;

        @Test
        public void test01() {
            // 测试方法中可以直接使用spring容器中的组件，不用在创建容器获取组件
            System.out.println(user);
        }
    
}