实验要求:
实验过程:
1.合理的IP地址规划以及拓扑的搭建
AS1:10.1.0.0/16
AS2:10.2.0.0/16
其他区域:10.0.0.0.0/16
2.底层(所有路由器接口以及环回接口都配置IP地址)
R1:
R2:
R3:
R4:
R5:
R6:
R7:
R8:
R9:
R10;
R11:
3.修改环回接口网络类型
[r11]int l 0
[r11-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
同理完成R1-R10的配置
4.IGP路由(在AS内部起个OSPF协议)
以R1为例:
同理完成R2-R10的配置
5.BGP路由(使用 peer group 相互建邻)
以R1为例:
[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-bgp]peer 10.0.19.9 as-number 3
默认华为设备也不传递社团属性,故使用社团属性时,必须定义传递性
[r1-bgp]peer 10.0.19.9 advertise-community 逐跳行为,每台设备均需开启传递性
[r1-bgp]peer 10.0.12.2 as-number 2
[r1-bgp]peer 10.0.12.2 advertise-community创建group
[r1-bgp]group r1针对group定义配置
[r1-bgp]peer r1 connect-interface l0
[r1-bgp]peer r1 next-hop-local
[r1-bgp]peer r1 advertise-community将peer划入对等体组
[r1-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 group r1
[r1-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 group r1[r1-bgp]peer 7.7.7.7 group r1
同理完成R2-R11的配置
6.BGP的宣告(只需宣告6个用户网段)
R9:
[r9]bgp 3
[r9-bgp]network 10.0.1.0 24
[r9-bgp]network 10.0.2.0 24R10:
[r10]bgp 3
[r10-bgp]network 10.0.3.0 24
[r10-bgp]network 10.0.4.0 24R11:
[r11]bgp 4
[r11-bgp]network 10.0.5.0 24
[r11-bgp]network 10.0.6.0 24
依次查看R9、R10、R11的BGP表,看有没有学到路由
查看之后,已经学到路由
7.l路由策略
经过电信且由区域3传出去的打入100:3属性,经过电信且由区域4传出去的打入100:4
经过联通且由区域3传出去的打入200:3属性,经过联通且由区域4传出去的打入200:4
【1】在R9和R10的出接口给用户1、2、3、4打入对应的团体属性
[r9]ip ip-prefix c1 permit 10.0.1.0 24
[r9]ip ip-prefix c1 permit 10.0.3.0 24
[r9]ip ip-prefix c2 permit 10.0.2.0 24
[r9]ip ip-prefix c2 permit 10.0.4.0 24[r9]route-policy c permit node 10
[r9-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix c1
[r9-route-policy]apply community 100:3
[r9-route-policy]q
[r9]route-policy c permit node 20
[r9-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix c2
[r9-route-policy]apply community 200:3
[r9-route-policy]q
[r9]route-policy c permit node 30
[r9-route-policy]q
[r9]bgp 3
[r9-bgp]peer 10.0.19.1 route-policy c export
同理完成R10的配置
PC1、PC3属于电信的路由,通信时必须走电信的AS1
PC2、PC4属于电信的路由,通信时必须走电信的AS2
因此在R11的入接口处修改本地优先级(Local_Preference)
[r11]ip community-filter advanced com permit 100:.*
[r11]route-policy com permit node 10
[r11-route-policy]if-match community-filter com
[r11-route-policy]apply local-preference 110
[r11-route-policy]q
[r11]route-policy com permit node 20
[r11-route-policy]q
[r11]bgp 4[r11-bgp]peer 10.0.10.5 route-policy com import
[r11]ip community-filter advanced com2 permit 200:.*
[r11]route-policy com2 permit node 10
[r11-route-policy]if-match community-filter com2
[r11-route-policy]apply local-preference 110
[r11-route-policy]q
[r11]route-policy com2 permit node 20
[r11-route-policy]q
[r11]bgp 4
[r11-bgp]peer 10.0.11.8 route-policy com2 import
【2】在R11的两个出接口给用户5、6打入对应的团体属性
[r11]ip ip-prefix c1 permit 10.0.5.0 24
[r11]ip ip-prefix c2 permit 10.0.6.0 24
[r11]route-policy com1 permit node 10
[r11-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix c1
[r11-route-policy]apply community 100:4
[r11-route-policy]q
[r11]route-policy com1 permit node 20
[r11-route-policy]if-match ip-prefix c2
[r11-route-policy]apply community 200:4[r11]route-policy com1 permit node 30
[r11-route-policy]q
[r11]bgp 4
[r11-bgp]peer 10.0.10.5 route-policy com1 export
[r11-bgp]peer 10.0.11.8 route-policy com1 export
PC5属于电信的路由,通信时必须走联通的AS1
PC6属于联通的路由,通信时必须走联通的AS2
因此在R9和R10的入接口处修改本地优先级(Local_Preference)
[r9]ip community-filter advanced com3 permit 100:.*
[r9]route-policy com3 permit node 10
[r9-route-policy]if-match community-filter com3
[r9-route-policy]apply local-preference 110
[r9-route-policy]q
[r9]route-policy com3 permit node 20
[r9-route-policy]q
[r9]bgp 3
[r9-bgp]peer 10.0.19.1 route-policy com3 import
同理完成R10的配置
测试:
【3】若R1-R9链路断开,R1、R3、R5电信的路由依然通过电信AS1通信
R1和R9断开后,R1和R3的路由会经过R10,传递给R4,那么R4会给他的邻居R2、6、8、3传递路由,那么R5会学到两条路由,一条是通过IBGP学习到的,一条是通过EBGP学习到的,因此R5会优先选择通过R6学习到的路由,因为EBGP > IBGP,这样的话,电信的路由就会通过联通学习到,这趟是不符合我们的要求的。
解决方法:我们在R4上做AS-PATH,来干涉电信选路,目的就是让R5通过IBGP学习到路由更优
[r4]ip community-filter advanced ia permit 100:*
[r4]route-policy ia permit node 10
[r4-route-policy]if-match community-filter ia
[r4-route-policy]apply as-path 3 3 3 additive
[r4-route-policy]q
[r4]route-policy ia permit node 20
[r4-route-policy]q
[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]peer r4 route-policy ia export
R5的路由会经过R11,传递给R5,那么R5会给他的邻居R1、3、7、6传递路由,那么R9会学到两条路由,一条是通过AS1学习到的,一条是通过AS2学习到的,由于通过AS2学习到的的路由比AS1学习到的路由通过AS数量少。因此R9会优先选择通过AS2学习到的路由,这样的话,电信的路由就会通过联通学习到,这趟是不符合我们的要求的。
解决方法:我们在R2、4、6、8上通过preferred-value来干涉电信选路,目的就是让
R9通过AS1学习到的路由更优。
[r4]ip community-filter advanced ip permit 100:*
[r4]route-policy ip permit node 10
[r4-route-policy]if-match community-filter ip
[r4-route-policy]apply preferred-value 9
[r4-route-policy]q
[r4]route-policy ip permit node 20
[r4-route-policy]q
[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]peer 10.0.34.3 route-policy ip import
同理完成R2、R6、R8的配置
测试:
至此,满足实验所有要求,实验结束。