Spring-MVC Json SSM框架整合学习

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 10:17:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-09-07 10:17:28 发布

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文章标签： spring mvc java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_72188793/article/details/128953428

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1、概念

名称	职责
Model	模型：即业务模型，负责完成业务中的数据通信处理，对应项目中的 service和dao
View	视图：渲染数据，生成页面。对应项目中的Jsp
Controller	控制器：直接对接请求，控制MVC流程，调度模型，选择视图。对应项目中的Servlet

2、开发流程

2.1 导入依赖：spring-webmvc

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

2.2 配置核心(前端)控制器：

前端向后端发起请求无法直接请求到SpringMVC 所以MVC框架设计了一款前端控制器选型在 Servlet 或 Filter两者之一在框架最前沿率先工作接收所有请求。

配置的所有请求都要找到 DispatcherServlet ====> SpringMVC ======> mvc.xml

MVC ==== > 返回给前端时也通过了一些过程

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 局部参数：声明配置文件位置 -->
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- Servlet启动时刻：可选 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

2.3 mvc.xml

<beans 	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
          xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!-- 告知springmvc  使用的那些包需要注解式开发 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- 注册注解开发驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>

2.4 小案例：配置文件需要加入视图解析器

//通过Controller 将HelloAction注入到容器中
//配置的前置处理器就可以找到 ====> Action
//根据一级目录找到类 根据二级目录找到方法
//return 表示你要响应前端那个页面
//写完的页面需要MVC视图解析器 解析后才能显示 解析在返回值的前后拼接 ==> "/index.jsp"-->
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloAction {
    @RequestMapping("/test7")
    public String test1(){
        System.out.println("hello");
        return "index";
    }
}

<!-- 视图解析器作用：
                    1.捕获后端控制器的返回值="index"
                    2.解析在返回值的前后 拼接 ==> "/index.jsp"-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

3、接收请求参数

3.1 前端通过地址给后端传值基本数据类型请求参数的方法的形参同名即可

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/param")

//前端通过地址给后端传值
//http://localhost:8080/param/demo1?id=1&name=Tom&sex=false&birthday=2023/2/9

public class ParamAction {
    @RequestMapping("/demo1")
    public String demo1(Integer id, String name, Boolean sex, Date birthday){

        System.out.println(id);
        System.out.println(name);
        System.out.println(sex);
        System.out.println(birthday);
        return "index";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/demo2")
    public String demo2(User user){
        System.out.println(user);
        return "index";
    }
}

3.2 实体接收参数

public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Boolean sex;
    private Date birthday;

    // 构造器 get set toString 
    // 路径 id=？&name=？...
}

3.3 数组收参

@RequestMapping("/demo3")
    public String demo3(String[] hobby){
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobby));
        return "form";
//hobby=football&hobby=basketball

<form action="/param/demo3" method="post">
    足球：<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="football">
    篮球：<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="basketball">
    网球：<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="wq">
    <input type="submit" value="保存">
</form>

3.4 集合接收（了解）

<form action="/param/demo4" method="post">
    id:<input type="text" name="users[0].id"/>编号
    name:<input type="text" name="users[0].name"/>姓名
    sex:<input type="text" name="users[0].sex"/>性别
    id:<input type="text" name="users[1].id"/>编号
    name:<input type="text" name="users[1].name"/>姓名
    sex:<input type="text" name="users[1].sex"/>性别
    <input type="submit" value="保存">
</form>

@RequestMapping("/demo4")
    public String demo4(UserList users){
        System.out.println(users.getUsers());
        return "form";

public class UserList {
    private List<User> users;

    public List<User> getUsers() {
        return users;
    }

    public void setUsers(List<User> users) {
        this.users = users;
    }
//users[0].id=1&users[0].name=zhangsan&users[0].birth=2018-12-12&users[1].id=2&....          注：地址栏不能有符号：[] 
}

3.5 路径参数 RestFul风格

//获取RestFul风格的参数
    @RequestMapping("/demo5/{id}")
    public String demo5(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        System.out.println(id);
        return "index";
    }

3.6 中文乱码问题

3.6.1 首先页面中字符集统一

JSP : <%@page  pageEncoding="utf-8" %>
HTML : <meta charset="UTF-8">

3.6.2 其次，tomcat中字符集设置，对get请求中，中文参数乱码有效

Tomcat server.xml 配置：URIEncoding=utf-8
<Connector connectionTimeout="20000"port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"redirectPort="8443" maxPostSize="0" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>

3.6.3 最后，设置此filter，对post请求中，中文参数乱码有效

<!-- 此过滤器会进行：request.setCharactorEncoding("utf-8"); -->
<filter>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>encoding</param-name>
        <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

4、请求转发重定向

4.1 请求转发：

@SuppressWarnings("{all}")
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloAction {
    @RequestMapping("/test7")
    public String test1(){
        System.out.println("hello");
        return "index";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/forward")
    public String forward2(){
        System.out.println("forward");
        //绝对路径：要访问到8080后的绝对路径
        return "forward:/hello/test7";
        //return "forward:test7";  访问相对路径
        //return test1();  实现调方法也可以实现
    }
}

4.2 重定向

@Controller
@SuppressWarnings({"all"})
@RequestMapping("/redir")
public class RedirectController {
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public String test1(){
        System.out.println("test redirect1");
        return "redirect:test1";
    }
    @RequestMapping("test2")
    public String testRedirect2(){
        System.out.println("test testRedirect2");
        return "redirect:/index.jsp";
    }
}

5、接传值

5.1 导入jitl依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>3.1.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>

5.2 Request和Session

@RequestMapping("/request")
    public String request(HttpServletRequest request, HttpSession session){
        System.out.println(request);
        System.out.println(session);
        //通过后端给前端传值
        request.setAttribute("request","request");
        session.setAttribute("session","session");
        return "index";
    }

5.3 JSP中取值

//jsp中用EL表达式 取值即可
${requestScope.request}
${sessionScope.session}

5.4 model model中的数据，会在V渲染之前，将数据复制一份给request

//在jsp中直接取值：${requestScope.model}
@RequestMapping("/model")
    public String model(Model model){
        System.out.println(model);
        model.addAttribute("model","model");
        return "index";
    }

5.5 ModelAndView

 @RequestMapping("/modelAndView")
    public ModelAndView modelAndView(){
        //新建ModelAndView对象
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        System.out.println(mv);
        //设置视图名 即如何跳转
        mv.setViewName("forward:/index.jsp");//表示你要到那个页面去 请求转发/重定向
        //给前端传modelAndView  增加数据
        mv.addObject("modelAndView","modelandview");
        return mv;
        //${requestScope.modelAndView}  JSP直接取值
    }

5.6 @SessionAttributes（不好使）

@Controller
@SessionAttributes(names={"gender","name"}) // model中的 name和gender 会存入session中
public class UserController {

    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String hello(Model m){
        m.addAttribu te("gender",true); // 会存入session
        m.addObject("name","zhj"); // 会存入session   //不推荐
        return "index";
    }
    
    //jsp中用EL表达式 取值即可
	${sessionScope.name}
    ${sessionScope.gender}
    
    @RequestMapping("/hello2")
    public String hello(SessionStatus status){
        // 移除通过SessionAttributes存入的session
        status.setComplete();
        return "index";
    }
}

6、静态资源

6.1 静态资源问题：

静态文件没有url-pattern 所以默认是访问不到的，之所以可以访问，是因为，tomcat中有一个全局的servlet：org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet，它的url-pattern是 "/",是全局默认的Servlet. 所以每个项目中不能匹配的静态资源的请求，有这个Servlet来处理即可但在SpringMVC中DispatcherServlet也采用了 “/” 作为url-pattern, 则项目中不会再使用全局的Serlvet，则静态资源不能完成访问

6.2 解决方案1：

DispathcerServlet采用其他的url-pattern 此时，所有访问handler的路径都要以 action结尾！！

<servlet>
  	<servlet-name>mvc9</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>mvc9</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

@RequestMapping("/test1")
public String test1(){
	System.out.println("test");
	return "forward:test2.action";
}
@RequestMapping("/test2")
public String test2(){
	System.out.println("test2");
	return "index";
}

6.3 解决方案2：DispathcerServlet的url-pattern依然采用 "/",但追加配置

<!-- 
  额外的增加一个handler，且其requestMapping:  "/**" 可以匹配所有请求，但是优先级最低
  所以如果其他所有的handler都匹配不上，请求会转向 "/**" ,恰好，这个handler就是处理静态资源的
  处理方式：将请求转会到tomcat中名为default的Servlet
  -->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

7、SSM整合 （环境搭建）

7.1 Springjar包的依赖体系：

一、 Core Container

1. spring-core：依赖注入IoC与DI的最基本实现

2. spring-beans：Bean工厂与bean的装配

3. Spring Context：在基础IOC功能上提供扩展服务，此外还提供许多企业级服务的支持，有邮件服务、任务调度、JNDI定位，EJB集成、远程访问、缓存以及多种视图层框架的支持（不常用）

4. Spring Context Support：Spring context的扩展支持，用于MVC方面（不常用）

5. spring-expression：spring表达式语言（不常用）

二、 AOP Aspects Instrumentation Messaging

1. spring-aop ：提供了面向切面编程的实现，它允许你定义拦截器 (interceptors) 和切点 (pointcuts)，用以解耦(decouple) 关注点不同的代码

2. Aspects ：spring-aspects AOP

3. spring-instrument：提供了用于某些应用程序服务器的类工具支持和类加载器(ClassLoader)实现（不常用）

4. spring-instrument-tomcat 是 Spring instrumentation agent for Tomcat （不常用）

三、 Data Access

1. spring-jdbc：为JDBC、Hibernate、JDO、JPA等提供的一致的声明式和编程式事务管理

2. spring-tx：事务控制

3. spring-orm：对象关系映射，集成orm框架（不常用）

4. spring-oxm：对象xml映射（不常用）

5. spring-jms：java消息服务（不常用）

四、 Web

1. Spring websocket：提供 Socket通信， web端的推送功能（不常用）

2. Servlet

3. Spring web：包含Web应用开发时，用到Spring框架时所需的核心类，包括自动载入WebApplicationContext特性的类、Struts与JSF集成类、文件上传的支持类、Filter类和大量工具辅助类

4. Spring webmvc portlet：Spring MVC的增强（不常用）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.qf</groupId>
    <artifactId>java2207-SpringMVC-1</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
        <!--设置为web项目-->
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>



        <!--AOP面向切面编程-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!--web中引入MVC导入的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Spring JDBC依赖对JDBC的支持-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--jstl JSP的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring整合mybatis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- MyBatis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql驱动 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.25</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 德鲁伊连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Junit -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 分页插件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
            <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.10</version>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>

</project>

五、applicationContext.Xml(resources)下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">


    <!-- DataSource -->
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">
        <!--基本配置-->
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>

        <!-- 配置初始化大小、最小、最大 -->
        <property name="initialSize" value="${jdbc.init}"/>
        <property name="minIdle" value="${jdbc.minIdle}"/>
        <property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.maxActive}"/>

        <!-- 配置获取连接等待超时的时间 ms-->
        <property name="maxWait" value="60000"/>

        <!-- 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测，检测需要关闭的空闲连接，单位是毫秒 -->
        <property name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis" value="60000"/>

        <!-- 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间，单位是毫秒 -->
        <property name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis" value="300000"/>
    </bean>
    <!-- SqlSessionFactory -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!-- 注入连接池 -->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
        <!-- 注入dao-mapper文件信息 ,如果映射文件和dao接口 同包且同名，则此配置可省略-->
        <property name="mapperLocations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:com/qf/dao/*.xml</value>
            </list>
        </property>
        <!-- 为 dao-mapper文件中的实体 定义缺省包路径
            如：<select id="queryAll" resultType="User"> 中 User类可以不定义包

        <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.qf.entity"></property>-->

        <property name="plugins">
            <array>
                <bean class="com.github.pagehelper.PageInterceptor">
                    <property name="properties">
                        <props>
                            <!-- 页号 调整到合理的值  0  max -->
                            <prop key="reasonable">true</prop>
                        </props>
                    </property>
                </bean>
            </array>
        </property>
    </bean>
    <!-- DAO  MapperScannerConfigurer dao层的自动注入 -->
    <bean id="mapperScannerConfigurer9" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.qf.dao"></property>
        <!-- 如果工厂中只有一个SqlSessionFactory的bean，此配置可省略 -->
        <!--<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"></property>-->
    </bean>
    <!-- 为导致Spring 与 SpringMVc 自动注入的bean不冲突自动注入的bean
     expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller扫描包，并排除Controller -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf" use-default-filters="true">
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <!-- 引入一个事务管理器，其中依赖DataSource,借以获得连接，进而控制事务逻辑 -->
    <bean id="tx" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
    <!-- @Transactional -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="tx"/>
</beans>

六、SpringMVC配置文件（mvc.xml）

<beans 	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
          xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!-- 告知springmvc  使用的那些包需要注解式开发 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- 注册注解开发驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!-- 视图解析器
	     作用：1.捕获后端控制器的返回值="index"
	          2.解析： 在返回值的前后 拼接 ==> "/index.jsp"-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

<!--    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf"/>-->
    <!--
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zhj" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    -->

</beans>

七、jdbc.properties(resources)

jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/qf.edu?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF8
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=1234
jdbc.init=1
jdbc.minIdle=1
jdbc.maxActive=3

八、Mapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace:所需实现的接口全限定名-->
<mapper namespace="com.qf.dao.AdminDao">
    <sql id="repeatSql">
        select * from admin
    </sql>
    <select id="queryAdmins" resultType="com.qf.pojo.Admin">
        <include refid="repeatSql"></include>
    </select>
</mapper>

九、web.xml（配置前端处理器）src\main\webapp\web\inf\web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

<!--  导入前端控制器  首先接收前端请求 也就是Servlet/Filter 在框架最前沿工作 接收前端请求-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 局部参数：声明配置文件位置 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- Servlet启动时刻：可选 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 此过滤器会进行：request.setCharactorEncoding("utf-8"); -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>


    <!-- 启动Spring工厂 -->
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>


</web-app>

十、demo

实体：

public class Admin {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String phone;
    private String address;
//get set toString 构造器 可以使用lomBok
}

dao层：

public interface AdminDao {
    List<Admin> queryAdmins();
}

service层（接口）：

public interface AdminService {
    List<Admin> queryAll();
}

接口实现类：

@Service("adminService")
public class AdminServiceImpl implements AdminService{
    @Autowired
    private AdminDao adminDao;

    @Override
    public List<Admin> queryAll() {
        return adminDao.queryAdmins();
    }
}

controller层：

/**
 * @author S7
 * @version 1.0
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/admin")
public class AdminAction {

    @Autowired
    private AdminService adminService;
    @RequestMapping("/queryAll")
    public String queryAll(Model model){
        List<Admin> list = adminService.queryAll();
        model.addAttribute("list",list);
        return "admin";
    }
}

八、Json

8.1 环境搭建resources下：（beans.xml）（1.视图解析器 2.注册开发驱动 3.解决中文乱码问题）

<beans 	xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
          xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
          xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
							http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!-- 告知springmvc  使用的那些包需要注解式开发 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf.controller"></context:component-scan>
    <!-- 注册注解开发驱动 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!-- 视图解析器
	     作用：1.捕获后端控制器的返回值="index"
	          2.解析： 在返回值的前后 拼接 ==> "/index.jsp"-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 前缀 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <!-- 后缀 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qf"/>-->
    <!--
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zhj" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    -->
<!--  编码格式  -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

</beans>

8.2 pom.xml（1.设置成web项目 2.导入web-mvc依赖3.导入Json所需要的 Jaskson依赖）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.qf</groupId>
    <artifactId>java2207Springmvc-json-ssm</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>

        <!--web中引入MVC导入的依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Jackson springMVC默认的Json解决方案选择是 Jackson，所以只需要导入jackson的jar，即可使用。-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
            <version>2.9.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--FastJson-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.54</version>
        </dependency>



    </dependencies>
</project>

8.3 web.xml（1.导入前端控制器 2.DispatcherServlet 声明配置文件位置classpath 3.设置过滤器)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

    <!--  导入前端控制器  首先接收前端请求 也就是Servlet/Filter 在框架最前沿工作 接收前端请求-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!-- 局部参数：声明配置文件位置 -->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:beans.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!-- Servlet启动时刻：可选 -->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>mvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

    <!-- 此过滤器会进行：request.setCharactorEncoding("utf-8"); -->
    <filter>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>
            <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

8.4.1 demo实体

/**
 * @author S7
 * @version 1.0
 */
public class User {
    @JsonProperty("new_id")//传给前端的数据id属性 名称更改为new_id
    private String name;
    //@JsonIgnore  注释在那个属性上面那个属性就不会传到前端
    //若"name==null" 忽略此属性 此处测试的是List
    //@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
    private Integer id;
    @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8")
    private Date birthday;
    @JsonInclude(value= JsonInclude.Include.NON_EMPTY)  // 若hobby长度为0或==null 忽略此属性
    private List<String> hobby;

    //自定义序列化
    @JsonSerialize(using = MySerializer.class)
    private Double salary = 1000.111;

    public User(String name, Integer id, Date birthday, List<String> hobby, Double salary) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.hobby = hobby;
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    public User(String name, Integer id) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
    }


    public List<String> getHobby() {
        return hobby;
    }

    public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) {
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }

    public User(String name, Integer id, Date birthday) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public User(String name, Integer id, Date birthday, List<String> hobby) {
        this.name = name;
        this.id = id;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.hobby = hobby;
    }

    public User() {
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }

    public Double getSalary() {
        return salary;
    }

    public void setSalary(Double salary) {
        this.salary = salary;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", id=" + id +
                ", birthday=" + birthday +
                ", hobby=" + hobby +
                ", salary=" + salary +
                '}';
    }
}

8.4.2 测试类

//前端访问路径 通过json给前端传值
//@Controller + @ResponseBody = @RestController加载类上
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/json")
public class JsonAction {

    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    //@ResponseBody
    public User test1(){
        User user = new User("tom",101);
        return user;
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test2")
    //@ResponseBody
    public List<User> test2(){
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new User("jack",2));
        list.add(new User("S7",24));
        return list;//return 给通过json返给前端的请求
    }

//中文乱码问题 在@RequestMapping中设置
@RequestMapping(value="/test3",produces = "text/html;charset=utf-8")
//@ResponseBody

    public String test3(){
        return "宁";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test4")
    public String test4(@RequestBody User user){
        //加上注释就能将传过来的Json串转换成对象
        System.out.println(user);
        return "ok";
    }

    @RequestMapping("/test5")
    public User test5(){
        return new User("s7",24,new Date());
    }
}

8.4.3 序列化工具类

public class MySerializer extends JsonSerializer<Double> {
    @Override
    public void serialize(Double aDouble, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
        String number = BigDecimal.valueOf(aDouble).setScale(2,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP).toString();
        //输出四舍五入的值
        jsonGenerator.writeNumber(number);
    }
}

8.4.4 前端页面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="js/jquery-3.6.1.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            $("#btn1").click(function () {
                var user = {id:1,name:"tom",birthday:"2020-12-12"};
                $.ajax({
                    url: '/json/test4',//路径
                    type: 'post',//请求方式
                    contentType: "application/json",//声明请求参数类型为 json
                    data: JSON.stringify(user),// 转换js对象成json
                    success: function (data) {
                        console.log(data);
                    }
                });
            });
        })
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<button id="btn1">发送json</button>
<!--绑定单击事件 向后端发送json-->
</body>
</html>

8.4.5 Json依赖

<!-- Jackson springMVC默认的Json解决方案选择是 Jackson，所以只需要导入jackson的jar，即可使用。-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
    <version>2.9.8</version>
</dependency>
<!--FastJson-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.54</version>
</dependency>

8.4.6 Json常用注解：

1. 通过前端访问路径通过json给前端传值注解+@ResponseBody

2. @Controller + @ResponseBody = @RestController加载类上

3. @RequestMapping(value="/test3",produces = "text/html;charset=utf-8") 中文乱码问题设置

4. public String test4(@RequestBody User user) 加上@RequestBody注释将前端传入Json代码转换成想要的方式类对象

5. @JsonProperty("new_id") 传给前端的数据id属性名称更改为new_id

6. @JsonIgnore 注释在那个属性上面那个属性就不会传到前端

7. @JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)在类中显示对象属性为空的

8. @JsonInclude(value= JsonInclude.Include.NON_EMPTY) 定义在属性上如果该属性为 null 或者长度=0 则忽略此属性

9. @JsonFormat(pattern = "yyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss", timezone = "GMT+8") 传给前端Data类型注释

10. 自定义序列化 @JsonSerialize(using = MySerializer.class)

例：将三位小数四舍五入
类  private Double salary = 1000.111;

public class MySerializer extends JsonSerializer<Double> {
    @Override
    public void serialize(Double aDouble, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
        String number = BigDecimal.valueOf(aDouble).setScale(2,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP).toString();
        //输出四舍五入的值
        jsonGenerator.writeNumber(number);
    }
}

九、异常解析器

定义异常解析器，统一处理异常

Controller中的每个Handler不再自己处理异常，而是直接throws所有异常。定义一个“异常解析器” 集中捕获处理所有异常此种方案，在集中管理异常方面，更有优势！

前端发起请求后到异常时候调用工具类：

@RequestMapping("/ex")
@RestController
public class ExceptionAction {
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public void test1(){
        System.out.println("todo");
        throw new NullPointerException("null----");
    }
}

工具类：com.qf.Exception.MyExResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver

public class MyExResolver  implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
    /**
     * 异常解析器：主体逻辑
     * 执行时刻：当handler中抛出异常时，会执行：捕获异常，并可以跳到错误页面
     */
    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest request,
                                         HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) {
        ex.printStackTrace();//打印异常栈
        //创建一个ModelAndView
        ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
        //识别异常
        if (ex instanceof NullPointerException) {
            mv.setViewName("redirect:/error1.jsp");
        }else if(ex instanceof ClassCastException){
            mv.setViewName("redirect:/error2.jsp");
        }else{
            mv.setViewName("redirect:/error.jsp");
        }
        return mv;
    }

}

MVC.xml

<!-- 声明异常解析器  -->	
<bean class="com.baizhi.exception.resolver.MyExResolver"></bean>

十、拦截器（抽取handler中的冗余功能）

//test1和test2方法产生了冗余
@RequestMapping("/inter")
@SessionAttributes("state")
public class InterController(){
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public String login(Model mode){
        model.addAttribute("state","ok");
        return "index";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public String test1(Model model){
        if(model.asMap()).get("state") != null){
            System.out.println("service1");
            return "index";
        }else{
            return "login";
        }
    }
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
    public String test2(Model model){
        if(model.asMap()).get("state") != null){
            System.out.println("service1");
            return "index";
        }else{
            return "login";
        }
    }
}

定义拦截器：

public class MyInter1 implements HandlerInterceptor{
	//主要逻辑：在handler之前执行：抽取handler中的冗余代码
	@Override
	public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
		System.out.println("pre~~~");
        /*
        response.sendRedirect("/springMVC_day2/index.jsp");//响应
        return false;//中断请求
        */
        /*
        HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        if(session.getAttribute("state") != null){
            return true;
        }
        */
		return true;//放行，后续的拦截器或handler就会执行
	}
	//在handler之后执行，响应之前:进一步的响应定制
	@Override
	public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, Object handler,
			ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
		System.out.println("post~~");
	}
	//在页面渲染完毕之后，执行：资源回收
	@Override
	public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request,
			HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex)
			throws Exception {
		System.out.println("after~~");
	}
}

//删除冗余代码
@RequestMapping("/login")
public String login(Model mode){
	model.addAttribute("state","ok");
	return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/test1")
public String test1(Model model){
	System.out.println("service1");
    return "index";
}
@RequestMapping("/test1")
public String test2(Model model){
    System.out.println("service1");
    return "index";
}

配置拦截路径

<mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:interceptor>
        <mvc:mapping path="/inter/test1"/>
        <mvc:mapping path="/inter/test2"/>
        <mvc:mapping path="/inter/test*"/> <!-- test开头 -->
        <mvc:mapping path="/inter/**"/> <!-- /** 任意多级任意路径 -->
        <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/inter/a/**"/>   <!--不拦截此路径-->
        <bean class="com.baizhi.interceptor.MyInter1"></bean>   <!--拦截器类-->
    </mvc:interceptor>
</mvc:interceptors>

十一、上传

11.1 导入jar包

<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
    <version>2.4</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.3</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

11.2 表单

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/upload/test1" method="post" 
      enctype="multipart/form-data">
  file: <input type="file" name="source"/> <br>
  <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>

11.3 上传解析器

<!-- 上传解析器 
	     id必须是：“multipartResolver”
 -->
<bean id="multipartResolver" 
      class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
    <!-- 最大可上传的文件大小  单位：byte  超出后会抛出MaxUploadSizeExceededException异常，可以异常解析器捕获 1048576=1M tomcat7的几个版本好用，其他版本看不到效果-->
    <property name="maxUploadSize" value="1048576"></property>
</bean>

11.4 Handler

@RequestMapping("/test1")
public String hello1(String username,MultipartFile source,HttpSession session) {
    //文件的原始名称
    String filename = source.getOriginalFilename();
    //定制全局唯一的命名
    String unique = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
    //获得文件的后缀
    String ext = FilenameUtils.getExtension(filename);//abc.txt   txt    hello.html  html
    //定制全局唯一的文件名
    String uniqueFileName = unique+"."+ext;
    System.out.println("唯一的文件名:"+uniqueFileName);

    //文件的类型
    String type = source.getContentType();
    System.out.println("filename:"+filename+" type:"+type);

    //获得 upload_file的磁盘路径 ==> 在webapp目录下创建一个目录"upload_file",且此目录初始不要为空，否则编译时被忽略
    String real_path = session.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload_file");
    System.out.println("real_path:"+real_path);

    //将上传的文件，存入磁盘路径中
    //source.transferTo(new File("d:/xxxx/xxxx/xx.jpg"))
    source.transferTo(new File(real_path+"\\"+uniqueFileName));
    return "index";
}

也可以在拦截器中拦截文件大小，并手动抛出MaxUploadSizeExceededException异常

public class MyFileUploadInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    private Long maxFileuploadSize;

    public Long getMaxFileuploadSize() {
        return maxFileuploadSize;
    }

    public void setMaxFileuploadSize(Long maxFileuploadSize) {
        this.maxFileuploadSize = maxFileuploadSize;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        // 判断上传文件大小  1048576
        ServletRequestContext servletRequestContext = new ServletRequestContext(request);
        // 文件大小 byte
        long l = servletRequestContext.contentLength();
        if(l>maxFileuploadSize){
            throw new MaxUploadSizeExceededException(maxFileuploadSize);
        }
        return true;
    }
}

//在异常解析器中处理
public class MyExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {

    @Override
    public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        if(e instanceof MyException1){
            // error1.jsp
            modelAndView.setViewName("redirect:/error1.jsp");
        }else if(e instanceof MyException2){
            // error2.jsp
            modelAndView.setViewName("redirect:/error2.jsp");
        }else if(e instanceof MyException3){
            // error3.jsp
            modelAndView.setViewName("redirect:/error3.jsp");
        }else if(e instanceof MaxUploadSizeExceededException){
            modelAndView.setViewName("redirect:/uploadError.jsp");
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

	<!-- 拦截器 -->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--<mvc:mapping path="/inter/test1"/>
            <mvc:mapping path="/inter/test2"/>-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/inter/**"/>  <!-- /inter/a/test1   /inter/b/test2 -->
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/inter/login"/>
            <bean class="com.qf.interceptor.MyInterceptor"/>
        </mvc:interceptor>
		<!--上传文件大小拦截器-->
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/upload/test1"/>
            <bean class="com.qf.interceptor.MyFileUploadInterceptor">
                <property name="maxFileuploadSize" value="1048576"/>
            </bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

十二、下载

12.1 超链接：

<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/download/test1?name=Koala.jpg">下载</a>

12.2 Handler：

@RequestMapping("/test1")
public void hello1(String name,HttpSession session,HttpServletResponse response){
    System.out.println("name:"+name);
    //获得要下载文件的绝对路径
    String path = session.getServletContext().getRealPath("/upload_file");
    //文件的完整路径
    String real_path = path+"\\"+name;

    //设置响应头  告知浏览器，要以附件的形式保存内容   filename=浏览器显示的下载文件名
    response.setHeader("content-disposition","attachment;filename="+name);

    //读取目标文件，写出给客户端
    IOUtils.copy(new FileInputStream(real_path), response.getOutputStream());

    //上一步，已经是响应了,所以此handler直接是void
}

十三、验证码

13.1 作用：防止暴力攻击前端安全保护

13.2 导入Jar包

<!-- Kaptcha -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.penggle</groupId>
    <artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
    <version>2.3.2</version>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>

13.3 声明验证码组件

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>cap</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.google.code.kaptcha.servlet.KaptchaServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>kaptcha.border</param-name>
      <param-value>no</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.length</param-name>
      <param-value>4</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>kaptcha.textproducer.char.string</param-name>
      <param-value>abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <!-- 验证码  图片底色 -->
      <param-name>kaptcha.background.clear.to</param-name>
      <param-value>211,229,237</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <init-param>
      <!-- session.setAttribute("captcha","验证码") -->
      <param-name>kaptcha.session.key</param-name>
      <param-value>captcha</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>cap</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/captcha</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

13.4 Page

<img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/captcha" style="width:85px" id="cap"/>
<img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/captcha" style="width:85px" id="cap" onclick="refresh();"/>
<script>
    $(function(){
        $("#cap").click(function(){
            //刷新验证码
            path = $(this).attr("src")+"?"+new Date().getTime();
            $(this).attr("src",path);
        });
    });
    
    function refresh(){
        var img = document.getElementById("cap");
        img.src = "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/captcha?"+new Date().getTime();
    }
</script>

13.5 登录验证

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/captcha")
public class CaptchaControll(){
    
    @RequestMapping("/test1")
	public String test1(String cap, HttpSession session){
        String captcha = session.getAttribute("captcha");
        if(cap.equals(captcha)){
            return "index";
        }
        return "error1";
    }
}

<from action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/captcha/test1">
    <img src="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/captcha" style="width:85px" id="cap"/>
    <input type="text" name="cap"/>
    <br />
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</from>

十四、 Rest开发风格

1. 是一种开发风格，遵从此风格开发软件，符合REST风格，则RESTFUL

1.1 每个资源都有唯一的表示（Url）

1.2 不同的行为，使用对应的http-method

例：通过二级路径查询用户三级路径查询用户1四级用户查询用户1的所有订单

访问标识	资源
http://localhost:8989/xxx/users	所有用户
http://localhost:8989/xxx/users/1	用户1
http://localhost:8989/xxx/users/1/orders	用户1的所有订单

请求方式	标识	意图
GET	http://localhost:8989/xxx/users	查询所有用户
POST	http://localhost:8989/xxx/users	在所有用户中增加一个
PUT	http://localhost:8989/xxx/users	在所有用户中修改一个
DELETE	http://localhost:8989/xxx/users/1	删除用户1
GET	http://localhost:8989/xxx/users/1	查询用户1
GET	http://localhost:8989/xxx/users/1/orders	查询用户1的所有订单
POST	http://localhost:8989/xxx/users/1/orders	在用户1的所有订单中增加一个

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/restful")
//@RequestMapping(value="/users",method = RequestMethod.GET) 等价 @GetMapping("/users")
public class RestFull {
    @GetMapping("/users")
    public List<User> queryAllUsers(){
        System.out.println("get");
        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();
        users.add(new User(101,"tom",new Date()));
        users.add(new User(102,"lucky",new Date()));
        return users;
    }
    @PostMapping("/users")
    public String addUser(@RequestBody User user){
        System.out.println("Post user :"+user);
        return "{status:1}";
    }

    @PutMapping("/users")
    public String updateUser(@RequestBody User user){
        System.out.println("Put user" + user+":user");
        return "{status:1}";
    }

    @GetMapping("/users/{id}")
    public String queryOneUser(@PathVariable Integer id){//@PathVariable 接收路径中的值
        System.out.println("Get user id:"+id);
        return "{status:1}";
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/users/{id}")
    public String deleteOneUser(@PathVariable Integer id){//@PathVariable 接收路径中的值
        System.out.println("delete user id:"+id);
        return "{status:1}";
    }
}

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="js/jquery-3.6.1.min(1).js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function (){
            $("#btn1").click(function (){
                //传日期是用8位字符串
                var user = {id:1,name:"tom",birthday:"20221212"};
                $.ajax({
                    url:'/json/test4',//要访问的地址
                    type:'post ',//请求方式
                    contentType:"application/json",//声明请求参数类型为json
                    data:JSON.stringify(user),//转换js对象成json
                    success:function (data){
                        console.log(data);
                    }
                })
            });
            $("#btn2").click(function (){
                //传日期是用8位字符串
                var user = {id:1,name:"tom",birthday:"2022-12-12 12:12:12"};
                $.ajax({
                    url:'/restful/users',//要访问的地址
                    type:'get',//请求方式
                    contentType:"application/json",//声明请求参数类型为json
                    //data:JSON.stringify(user),//转换js对象成json
                    success:function (data){
                        console.log(data);
                    }
                })
            });
            $("#btn3").click(function (){
                //传日期是用8位字符串
                var user = {id:1,name:"tom",birthday:"2022-12-12 12:12:12"};
                $.ajax({
                    url:'/restful/users',//要访问的地址
                    type:'post',//请求方式
                    contentType:"application/json",//声明请求参数类型为json
                    data:JSON.stringify(user),//转换js对象成json
                    success:function (data){
                        console.log(data);
                    }
                })
            });
            $("#btn4").click(function (){
                //传日期是用8位字符串
                var user = {id:1,name:"lucky",birthday:"2022-12-12 12:12:12"};
                $.ajax({
                    url:'/restful/users',//要访问的地址
                    type:'put',//请求方式
                    contentType:"application/json",//声明请求参数类型为json
                    data:JSON.stringify(user),//转换js对象成json
                    success:function (data){
                        console.log(data);
                    }
                })
            });
            $("#btn5").click(function (){
                //传日期是用8位字符串
                var user = {id:1,name:"tom",birthday:"2022-12-12 12:12:12"};
                $.ajax({
                    url:'/restful/users/1',//要访问的地址
                    type:'delete',//请求方式
                    contentType:"application/json",//声明请求参数类型为json
                    //data:JSON.stringify(user),//转换js对象成json
                    success:function (data){
                        console.log(data);
                    }
                })
            });
        })
    </script>
</head>
<body>
<button id="btn1">发送json</button>
<button id="btn2">queryAllUsers</button>
<button id="btn3">addUser</button>
<button id="btn4">updateUser</button>
<button id="btn5">deleteOneUser</button>
</body>
</html>