正则表达式匹配,其中:
- * ~ 为区分大小写匹配
- * ~* 为不区分大小写匹配
- * !~和!~*分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配
文件及目录匹配,其中:
- * -f和!-f用来判断是否存在文件
- * -d和!-d用来判断是否存在目录
- * -e和!-e用来判断是否存在文件或目录
- * -x和!-x用来判断文件是否可执行
flag标记有:
- * last 相当于Apache里的[L]标记,表示完成rewrite
- * break 终止匹配, 不再匹配后面的规则
- * redirect 返回302临时重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
- * permanent 返回301永久重定向 地址栏会显示跳转后的地址
一些可用的全局变量有,可以用做条件判断(待补全)
- $args
- $content_length
- $content_type
- $document_root
- $document_uri
- $host
- $http_user_agent
- $http_cookie
- $limit_rate
- $request_body_file
- $request_method
- $remote_addr
- $remote_port
- $remote_user
- $request_filename
- $request_uri
- $query_string
- $scheme
- $server_protocol
- $server_addr
- $server_name
- $server_port
- $uri
结合QeePHP的例子
- if (!-d $request_filename) {
- rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?(.*)$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1&action=$2&$3 last;
- rewrite ^/([a-z-A-Z]+)/?$ /index.php?namespace=user&controller=$1 last;
- break;
多目录转成参数
abc.domian.com/sort/2 => abc.domian.com/index.php?act=sort&name=abc&id=2
- if ($host ~* (.*)/.domain/.com) {
- set $sub_name $1;
- rewrite ^/sort//(/d+)//?$ /index.php?act=sort&cid=$sub_name&id=$1 last;
- }
目录对换
/123456/xxxx -> /xxxx?id=123456
- rewrite ^/(/d+)/(.+)/ /$2?id=$1 last;
例如下面设定nginx在用户使用ie的使用重定向到/nginx-ie目录下:
- if ($http_user_agent ~ MSIE) {
- rewrite ^(.*)$ /nginx-ie/$1 break;
- }
目录自动加“/”
- if (-d $request_filename){
- rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
- }
禁止htaccess
- location ~//.ht {
- deny all;
- }
禁止多个目录
- location ~ ^/(cron|templates)/ {
- deny all;
- break;
- }
禁止以/data开头的文件
可以禁止/data/下多级目录下.log.txt等请求;
- location ~ ^/data {
- deny all;
- }
禁止单个目录
不能禁止.log.txt能请求
- location /searchword/cron/ {
- deny all;
- }
禁止单个文件
- location ~ /data/sql/data.sql {
- deny all;
- }
给favicon.ico和robots.txt设置过期时间;
这里为favicon.ico为99天,robots.txt为7天并不记录404错误日志
- location ~(favicon.ico) {
- log_not_found off;
- expires 99d;
- break;
- }
- location ~(robots.txt) {
- log_not_found off;
- expires 7d;
- break;
- }
设定某个文件的过期时间;这里为600秒,并不记录访问日志
- location ^~ /html/scripts/loadhead_1.js {
- access_log off;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
- expires 600;
- break;
- }
文件反盗链并设置过期时间
这里的return 412 为自定义的http状态码,默认为403,方便找出正确的盗链的请求
“rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;”显示一张防盗链图片
“access_log off;”不记录访问日志,减轻压力
“expires 3d”所有文件3天的浏览器缓存
- location ~* ^.+/.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png|swf|rar|zip|css|js)$ {
- valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net localhost 208.97.167.194;
- if ($invalid_referer) {
- rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
- return 412;
- break;
- }
- access_log off;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
- expires 3d;
- break;
- }
只充许固定ip访问网站,并加上密码
- root /opt/htdocs/www;
- allow 208.97.167.194;
- allow 222.33.1.2;
- allow 231.152.49.4;
- deny all;
- auth_basic "C1G_ADMIN";
- auth_basic_user_file htpasswd;
将多级目录下的文件转成一个文件,增强seo效果
/job-123-456-789.html 指向/job/123/456/789.html
- rewrite ^/job-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ /job/$1/$2/jobshow_$3.html last;
将根目录下某个文件夹指向2级目录
如/shanghaijob/ 指向 /area/shanghai/
如果你将last改成permanent,那么浏览器地址栏显是/location/shanghai/
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
上面例子有个问题是访问/shanghai 时将不会匹配
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /area/$1/ last;
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
这样/shanghai 也可以访问了,但页面中的相对链接无法使用,
如./list_1.html真实地址是/area/shanghia/list_1.html会变成/list_1.html,导至无法访问。
那我加上自动跳转也是不行咯
(-d $request_filename)它有个条件是必需为真实目录,而我的rewrite不是的,所以没有效果
- if (-d $request_filename){
- rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;
- }
知道原因后就好办了,让我手动跳转吧
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job$ /$1job/ permanent;
- rewrite ^/([0-9a-z]+)job/(.*)$ /area/$1/$2 last;
文件和目录不存在的时候重定向:
- if (!-e $request_filename) {
- proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
- }
域名跳转
- server
- {
- listen 80;
- server_name jump.c1gstudio.com;
- index index.html index.htm index.php;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
- rewrite ^/ http://www.c1gstudio.com/;
- access_log off;
- }
多域名转向
- server_name www.c1gstudio.com www.c1gstudio.net;
- index index.html index.htm index.php;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs;
- if ($host ~ "c1gstudio/.net") {
- rewrite ^(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com$1 permanent;
- }
三级域名跳转
- if ($http_host ~* "^(.*)/.i/.c1gstudio/.com$") {
- rewrite ^(.*) http://top.yingjiesheng.com$1;
- break;
- }
域名镜向
- server
- {
- listen 80;
- server_name mirror.c1gstudio.com;
- index index.html index.htm index.php;
- root /opt/lampp/htdocs/www;
- rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.c1gstudio.com/$1 last;
- access_log off;
- }
某个子目录作镜向
- location ^~ /zhaopinhui {
- rewrite ^.+ http://zph.c1gstudio.com/ last;
- break;
- }
discuz ucenter home (uchome) rewrite
- rewrite ^/(space|network)-(.+)/.html$ /$1.php?rewrite=$2 last;
- rewrite ^/(space|network)/.html$ /$1.php last;
- rewrite ^/([0-9]+)$ /space.php?uid=$1 last;
discuz 7 rewrite
- rewrite ^(.*)/archiver/((fid|tid)-[/w/-]+/.html)$ $1/archiver/index.php?$2 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/forumdisplay.php?fid=$2&page=$3 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)/.html$ $1/viewthread.php?tid=$2&extra=page/%3D$4&page=$3 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/profile-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/viewpro.php?$2=$3 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)/.html$ $1/space.php?$2=$3 last;
- rewrite ^(.*)/tag-(.+)/.html$ $1/tag.php?name=$2 last;
给discuz某版块单独配置域名
- server_name bbs.c1gstudio.com news.c1gstudio.com;
- location = / {
- if ($http_host ~ news/.c1gstudio.com$) {
- rewrite ^.+ http://news.c1gstudio.com/forum-831-1.html last;
- break;
- }
- }
discuz ucenter 头像 rewrite 优化
- location ^~ /ucenter {
- location ~ .*/.php?$
- {
- #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
- fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- fastcgi_index index.php;
- include fcgi.conf;
- }
- location /ucenter/data/avatar {
- log_not_found off;
- access_log off;
- location ~ /(.*)_big/.jpg$ {
- error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_big.gif;
- }
- location ~ /(.*)_middle/.jpg$ {
- error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_middle.gif;
- }
- location ~ /(.*)_small/.jpg$ {
- error_page 404 /ucenter/images/noavatar_small.gif;
- }
- expires 300;
- break;
- }
- }
jspace rewrite
- location ~ .*/.php?$
- {
- #fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
- fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- fastcgi_index index.php;
- include fcgi.conf;
- }
- location ~* ^/index.php/
- {
- rewrite ^/index.php/(.*) /index.php?$1 break;
- fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
- fastcgi_index index.php;
- include fcgi.conf;
- }
信赖此刻大部门用Linux VPS的伴侣都在利用这个敏捷传布的Nginx,本日就清算一下最常见的PHP法式的Rewrite(伪静态法则)。
Wordpress:
location / {
index index.html index.php;
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
}
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
}
if (!-f $request_filename){
rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}
}
PHPCMS:
location / {
###以下为PHPCMS 伪静态化rewrite法则
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?itemid=$2&page=$3;
rewrite ^(.*)list-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/list.php?catid=$2&page=$3;
rewrite ^(.*)show-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/show.php?specialid=$2;
####以下为PHPWind 伪静态化rewrite法则
rewrite ^(.*)-htm-(.*)$ $1.php?$2 last;
rewrite ^(.*)/simple/([a-z0-9\_]+\.html)$ $1/simple/index.php?$2 last;
}
ECSHOP:
if (!-e $request_filename)
{
rewrite "^/index\.html" /index.php last;
rewrite "^/category$" /index.php last;
rewrite "^/feed-c([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?cat=$1 last;
rewrite “^/feed-b([0-9]+)\.xml$” /feed.php?brand=$1 last;
rewrite “^/feed\.xml$” /feed.php last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5&page=$6&sort=$7&order=$8 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-attr([^-]*)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&price_min=$3&price_max=$4&filter_attr=$5 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)-b([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1&brand=$2 last;
rewrite “^/category-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /category.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/goods-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /goods.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last;
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite “^/article_cat-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article_cat.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/article-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /article.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3&sort=$4&order=$5 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2&page=$3 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)-c([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1&cat=$2 last;
rewrite “^/brand-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html” /brand.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/tag-(.*)\.html” /search.php?keywords=$1 last;
rewrite “^/snatch-([0-9]+)\.html$” /snatch.php?id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/group_buy-([0-9]+)\.html$” /group_buy.php?act=view&id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/auction-([0-9]+)\.html$” /auction.php?act=view&id=$1 last;
rewrite “^/exchange-id([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?id=$1&act=view last;
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-min([0-9]+)-max([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&integral_min=$2&integral_max=$3&page=$4&sort=$5&order=$6 last;
rewrite ^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-(.+)-([a-zA-Z]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2&sort=$3&order=$4 last;
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite “^/exchange-([0-9]+)(.*)\.html$” /exchange.php?cat_id=$1 last;
}
SHOPEX:
location / {
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/(.+\.(html|xml|json|htm|php|jsp|asp|shtml))$ /index.php?$1 last;
}
}
SaBlog 2.0:
# 只带月份的归档
rewrite "^/date/([0-9]{6})/?([0-9]+)?/?$" /index.php?action=article&setdate=$1&page=$2 last;
# 无分类翻页
rewrite ^/page/([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&page=$1 last;
# 分类
rewrite ^/category/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&cid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/category/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&curl=$1&page=$2 last;
# 归档、高级搜刮
rewrite ^/(archives|search|article|links)/?$ /index.php?action=$1 last;
# 全数批评、标签列表、引用列表 带分页
rewrite ^/(comments|tagslist|trackbacks|article)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=$1&page=$2 last;
# tags
rewrite ^/tag/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&item=$1&page=$2 last;
# 文章
rewrite ^/archives/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=show&id=$1&page=$2 last;
# RSS rewrite ^/rss/([0-9]+)?/?$ /rss.php?cid=$1 last;
rewrite ^/rss/([^/]+)/?$ /rss.php?url=$1 last;
# 用户 rewrite ^/uid/([0-9]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&uid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/user/([^/]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ /index.php?action=article&user=$1&page=$2 last;
# 舆图文件
rewrite sitemap.xml sitemap.php last;
# 自界说链接
rewrite ^(.*)/([0-9a-zA-Z\-\_]+)/?([0-9]+)?/?$ $1/index.php?action=show&alias=$2&page=$3 last;
Discuz 7:
rewrite ^/archiver/((fid|tid)-[\w\-]+\.html)$ /archiver/index.php?$1 last;
rewrite ^/forum-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /forumdisplay.php?fid=$1&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /viewthread.php?tid=$1&extra=page\%3D$3&page=$2 last;
rewrite ^/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ /space.php?$1=$2 last;
rewrite ^/tag-(.+)\.html$ /tag.php?name=$1 last;
Typecho:
location / {
index index.html index.php;
if (-f $request_filename/index.html){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.html break;
}
if (-f $request_filename/index.php){
rewrite (.*) $1/index.php;
}
if (!-f $request_filename){
rewrite (.*) /index.php;
}
}
4.8.5 shopex 启用伪静态
……
location /
{
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?$1 last;
}
}
……
1. 启用伪静态
……
##begin add by guozhenbin 20100727 (use Pseudo-static)
location /
{
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ /index.php?$1 last;
}
}