Qt界面开发之绘制时钟

#include <QWidget>        // QWideet,类是所有用户界面对象的基类
#include<QPaintEvent>     // QPaintEivet,类包含绘制事件的事件参数。
#include <QPainter>       // QPainter 类在小部件和其他绘画设备上执行低级绘画
#include <QPen>           // QPen类定义了0Painter应该如何绘制开状的线条和轮廓。
#include <QBrush>         // brus类定义了QPainter 绘制的形状的填充模式
#include <QtMath>         // 这些函数是C或标准模板库中不可用的基本数学运算的部分方便定义
#include <QTimer>         // QTimer, 类提供重夏和单次计时器。
#include <QDebug>         // QDebug,类为调试信息提供输出流。

绘制表盘

首先我们要确定绘制表盘需要哪些参数，半径和Π？按照数学的逻辑来说确实没错，不过把它运用到计算机中还是需要有所改变才可以，表盘的制作需要用到void QPainter::drawEllipse(int x, int y, int width, int height)这个函数，这是一个过载功能。以给定的宽度和高度绘制由从 (x, y) 开始的矩形定义的椭圆。

绘制刻度盘

绘制刻度盘我们需要知道每次转动的角度是多少，时钟有12个大的刻度，每个大的刻度有5个小刻度，所有秒钟每秒转动的角度为360/60 = 6°。圆心所在竖线上方向为y轴正半轴，0°参考点为x轴正半轴，顺时针旋转。从12点处开始绘制，那么我们的基础仰角就是90° * 3 = 270°，接下来依次是276°、282°。

绘制指针

时钟的指针分为时针、分针和秒针，原理基本上一模一样， 时针我们将其看作是一个等腰三角形，底边在中心指针圆域中，顶点指向刻度，所以我们需要知道三个点的坐标才可以绘制出时针（三角形）。

流程

首先我们分别通过

QTime::currentTime.hour

QTime::currentTime.minute

QTime::currentTime.second

获取系统的时、分、秒然后再把值赋给Hs、Ms、Ss，如何实时更新时间呢？我们需要一个定时器QTimer值设为1000，表示每间隔1秒返回一次系统时间。

直接上代码！

头文件定义

#ifndef WIDGET_H
#define WIDGET_H
#include <QWidget>
#include <QPaintEvent>
#include <QPainter>
#include <QPen>
#include <QBrush>
#include <QtMath>
#include <QTimer>

#define Pai 3.14
class Widget : public QWidget{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    Widget(QWidget parent = 0);
    ~Widget();
    void paintEvent(QpaintEvent *);    //重写绘制事件函数
    void Init_Parameter();             //初始化参数函教
    void Draw_Clock(QPainter *);       //绘制时钟
    void Draw_Dial(QPainter *);        //绘制刻度盘
    void Draw_Text(QPainter *);        //绘制刻度值
    void Draw_Pointer(QPainter *);     //绘制指针
private:
    QTimer timer;         //定时器
    QPoint Center_pos;    //时钟圆心坐标
    int R_Edge;           //外圆半径
    int R_Inside;         //内圆半径
    int R_Center;         //中心小圆半径
    int R_Pointer;        //中心指针圆半径
    int Div_Max = 12;     //大刻度值
    int Div_Min = 5;      //小刻度值
    float BaseAngle = 270;//仰角
    int Hs;               //时
    int Ms;               //分
    int Ss;               //秒
};
#endif 
    

.cpp文件

#include "widget.h"
#include <QTime>
#Include <QDebug>

Widget.Widget(Qwidget"parent)
    :QWidgetlparent)
{
    timer = new QTimer(this);
    connect(timer,SIGNAL(timeout()),this,SLOT(update()));//定时调用绘制事件函教
    timer->start(1000);//开启定时器

    widget::~Widget()
}

void Widget::paintEvent(QpaintEvent *)
{
    QPainter painter(this);
    paintersetRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);//设置抗锯齿
    Draw_Clock( &painter);
    painter.drawEllipse(Center_pos,R_Edge,R_Edge);
}
    
void Widget::Draw_Clock(QPainter*painter)//绘制时钟（刻度盘、刻度值、指针)
{
    lnit_Parameter();
    Draw_Dial(painter);
    Draw_Text(painter);
    Draw_Pointer(painter);
}

void Widget::lnit_Parameter()
    Center_pos = QPoint(this->width()/2,this->height()/2);
    R_Edge = this->height()/2;
    R_Inside = R_Edge-10;
    R_Center= 15;
    R_Pointer = 6;
    QTime Time = QTime::currentTime();//获取当前系统时间
    Hs=Time.hour();
    Ms=Time.minute();
    S-Time.second();
}

void Widget::Draw_Dial(QPainter *painter)
{
    painter->save();
    for(int Loop = O; Loop <= Div_Max * Div_Min;Loop++)
    {
        float Angle= BassAngle + (360 / (Div_Max * Div_Min))*Loop;
        int R= R_Inside - 1;
        int x_start = Center_pos.x()+ R * cos((Angle / 180) * Pai);
        int y_start = Center_pos.y()+ R * sin((Angle / 180) * Pai);
        if(Loop % Div_Min == O)//判断大小刻度
        {
            QPen pen(Qt::black);
            pen.stWidth(2);
            painter->setPen(pen);
            R=R_lnside-20;
        }
        else
        {
            QPen pen(Qt::black);
            pen.setWidth(2);
            painter->setPen(pen);
            R=R_Inside-15;
        }

        int x_end = Center_pos.x()+R * cos((Angle / 180) * Pai);
        int y_end = Center_pos.y()+R * sin((Angle / 180) * Pai);
        painter->drawlLinel(Qpoint(x_start,y_start),QPoint(x_end,y_end));
    }   
    painter->restore();
}

void Widget::Draw_Text(QPainter *painter)
{
    painter->save();
    QPen qPen(Qt::black);
    qPen.setwidt(2);
    painter->setPen(qPen);
    QFont qFont("楷体",14,QFont: Bold,false);
    painter->setFont(qFont);
    int Dial_Text = 12;
    for(int Loop = 0;Loop < Div_Max;Loop++)
    {
        if(Dial_Text > 12)
            Dial_Text = 1;
        intR = R_Inside - 60;
        float Angle = BaseAngle + (360 / Div_Max ) * Loop;
        int x = Center_pos.x()+R * cos((Angle / 180) * Pai);
        int y = Center_pos.y()+R * sin((Angle / 180) * Pai);
        painter->drawText(QRect(x-20,y-20,80,80),Qstring::number(Dial_Text++));
    }        
    painter->restore();
}

void Widget.::Draw_Pointer(QPaintsr*painter)
{
    painter->save();
    QBrush qBrush= QBrush/Qcolor(Qt::black));
    painter->seBrush(qBrush);
    QPen qPen(Qt:.black);
    qPen setwidtb(2);
    painter->setPen(qPen);

//绘制秒针
    float Angle = BaseAngle + (360 / (Div_Max * Div_Min)) * Ss;
    float RightAngle = Angle + 90;
    float LeftAngle = Angle - 90;

    intR = R_Inside-1;
    int x_start = Center_pos.×() + R * cos((Angle / 180) * Pai);
    int y_start = Center_pos.y() + R * sin((Angle / 180) * Pai);

    R=R_Pointer-1;
    int x_end1 = Center_pos.×() + R * cos(RightAngle * 3.14 / 180);
    int y_end1 = Center_p0s.y() + R * sin(RightAngls * 3.14 / 180);
    int x_end2 = Center_pos.x() + R * cos(LeftAnge * 3.14 / 180);
    int y_end2 = Center_pos.y() + R * sin(LeftAngls * 3.14/ 180);
    QPointF aTriangle_S[3] ={QPoint(x_start,y_start),QPoint(x_end1,y_end1),QPoint(x_end2,y_end2)};
    painter->drawPolygon(qTriangle_s,3);

//绘制分针
    Angle= BaseAngle+(360/ (Div_Max Div_Min))*Ms;RightAngle = Angle +90;
    LeftAnge= Angle - 90;
    R = R_Inside - 60;
    x_start = Center_pos.×()+R * cos((Angle / 180)*Pa);
    y_start = Center _pos.y()+R * sin((Angle / 180)*Pa);
    R = R_Pointer-1;
    x_end1 = Center_pos.×()+ R * cos(RightAngle* 3.14 / 180);
    y_end1 = Center_pos.y()+ R * sin(RightAngle* 3.14 / 180);
    x_end2 = Center_pos.×()+ R * cos(LeftAngle * 3.14 / 180);
    y_end2 = Center_pos.y()+ R * sin(LeftAngle *3.14 / 180);
    QPointF qTriangle_M[3]={QPoint(x_start,y_start),QPoint(x_end1,y_end1),QPoint(x_end2,y_end2)};
    painter->drawPolygon(qTriangle_M,3);
//绘制时针
    Angle = BassAngle+(360 / Div_Max) * Hs;
    RightAngle = Angle + 90;
    LeftAngle= Angle - 90;
    R = R_Inside-120;
    x_start = Center_pos.×()+R*cos((Angle / 180)*Pa);
    y_start = Center_pos.y()+R*sin((Angle / 180)* Pai);

    R=R_Pointer-1;
    x_end1 = Center_pos.x() + R*cos(RightAngle * 3.14 / 180);
    y_end1 = Center_pos.y() + R*sin(RightAngle * 3.14 / 180);
    x_end2 = Center_pos.x() + R*cos(LeftAnele * 3.14 / 180);
    y_end2 = Center_pos.y() + R*sin(LeftAngle *3.14/ 180);
    QPointF qTriangle_H[3] = {QPoint(x_start,y_start),QPoint(x_end1,y_end1),QPoint(x_end2,y_end2);
    painter->drawPolygon(qTriangle_H,3);
    
    painter->restore();
}