Toyota Programming Contest 2024#3（AtCoder Beginner Contest 344）题解（c/c++）（A~E）

A - Spoiler

Problem Statement

You are given a string $S$ consisting of lowercase English letters and |. $S$ is guaranteed to contain exactly two |s.

Remove the characters between the two |s, including the |s themselves, and print the resulting string.

Constraints

• $S$ is a string of length between $2$ and $100$, inclusive, consisting of lowercase English letters and |.
• $S$ contains exactly two |s.

Sample Input 1

atcoder|beginner|contest

Sample Output 1

atcodercontest

Remove all the characters between the two |s and print the result.

思路： 非常简单的一道题，找出两个‘|’的位置即可，在输出时跳过

Code

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long
#define int long long
#define pii pair<int, int>
#define pb push_back
#define gcd __gcd
#define lcm(a, b) (a * b) / gcd(a, b)
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define mem(a, x) memset(a, x, sizeof(a))
#define f(i, s, e) for (int i = s; i <= e; i++)
#define ff(i, s, e) for (int i = s; i >= e; i--)
#define setbits(x) __builtin_popcount(x)
#define zrobits(x) __builtin_ctzll(x)
#define mod 100000007
#define maxn (ll)(2e5 + 5000)
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;
// set<int>::iterator it;
void solve()
{
    string s;
    cin >> s;
    int n = s.size();
    int l = 0, r = 0;
    f(i, 0, n - 1)
    {
        if (s[i] == '|')
        {
            l = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    ff(i, n - 1, 0)
    {
        if (s[i] == '|')
        {
            r = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    f(i, 0, l-1)
    {
        cout << s[i];
    }
    f(i, r+1, n-1)
    {
        cout << s[i];
    }
    cout << endl;
    return;
}
signed main(void)
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(nullptr);
    solve();
    return 0;
}

B - Delimiter

Problem Statement

You are given $N$ integers $A_1,A_2,\dots ,A_N$, one per line, over $N$ lines. However, $N$ is not given in the input.
Furthermore, the following is guaranteed:

• $A_i\ne 0$ ( $1\le i\le N-1$ )
• $A_N=0$

Print $A_N,A_{N-1},\dots ,A_1$ in this order.

Constraints

• All input values are integers.
• $1\le N\le 100$
• $1\le A_i\le 10^9$ ( $1\le i\le N-1$ )
• $A_N=0$

Sample Input 1

3
2
1
0

Sample Output 1

0
1
2
3

Note again that $N$ is not given in the input. Here, $N=4$ and $A=(3,2,1,0)$.

思路：简单题

Code

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long
#define int long long
#define pii pair<int, int>
#define pb push_back
#define gcd __gcd
#define lcm(a, b) (a * b) / gcd(a, b)
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define mem(a, x) memset(a, x, sizeof(a))
#define f(i, s, e) for (int i = s; i <= e; i++)
#define ff(i, s, e) for (int i = s; i >= e; i--)
#define setbits(x) __builtin_popcount(x)
#define zrobits(x) __builtin_ctzll(x)
#define mod 100000007
#define maxn (ll)(2e5 + 5000)
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;
// set<int>::iterator it;
int a[maxn] = {0};
signed main(void)
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(nullptr);
    int w = 0;
    while (1)
    {
        int x;
        cin >> x;
        if (x == 0)
        {
            a[++w] = 0;
            break;
        }
        a[++w] = x;
    }
    ff(i, w, 1)
    {
        cout << a[i] << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

C - A+B+C

Problem Statement

You are given three sequences $A=(A_1,\dots ,A_N)$, $B=(B_1,\dots ,B_M)$, and $C=(C_1,\dots ,C_L)$.

Additionally, a sequence $X=(X_1,\dots ,X_Q)$ is given. For each $i=1,\dots ,Q$, solve the following problem:

Problem: Is it possible to select one element from each of $A$, $B$, and $C$ so that their sum is $X_i$?

Constraints

• $1\le N,M,L\le 100$
• $0\le A_i,B_i,C_i\le 10^8$
• $1\le Q\le 2\times 10^5$
• $0\le X_i\le 3\times 10^8$
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

3
1 2 3
2
2 4
6
1 2 4 8 16 32
4
1 5 10 50

Sample Output 1

No
Yes
Yes
No

• It is impossible to select one element from each of $A$, $B$, and $C$ so that their sum is $1$.
• Selecting $1$, $2$, and $2$ from $A$, $B$, and $C$, respectively, makes the sum $5$.
• Selecting $2$, $4$, and $4$ from $A$, $B$, and $C$, respectively, makes the sum $10$.
• It is impossible to select one element from each of $A$, $B$, and $C$ so that their sum is $50$.

思路：暴力模拟即可

Code

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    vector<int> A, B, C, X; 
    unordered_set<int> sums;
    int n;
    cin>>n;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        int a;
        cin >> a;
        A.push_back(a);
    }
    int m;
    cin>>m;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int b;
        cin >> b;
        B.push_back(b);
    }
    int l;
    cin>>l;
    for (int i = 0; i < l; i++)
    {
        int c;
        cin >> c;
        C.push_back(c);
    }
    int p;
    cin>>p;
    for (int i = 0; i < p; i++)
    {
        int x;
        cin >> x;
        X.push_back(x);
    }
    for (int a : A)
    {
        for (int b : B)
        {
            sums.insert(a + b);
        }
    }
    for (int x : X)
    {
        bool found = false;
        for (int c : C)
        {
            if (sums.count(x - c))
            {
                found = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        cout << (found ? "Yes" : "No") << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

D - String Bags

Problem Statement

You initially have an empty string $S$.
Additionally, there are bags $1,2,\dots ,N$, each containing some strings.
Bag $i$ contains $A_i$ strings $S_{i,1},S_{i,2},\dots ,S_{i,A_i}$.

You will repeat the following steps for $i=1,2,\dots ,N$:

• Choose and perform one of the following two actions:
  • Pay $1$ yen, select exactly one string from bag $i$, and concatenate it to the end of $S$.
  • Do nothing.

Given a string $T$, find the minimum amount of money required to make the final $S$ equal $T$.
If there is no way to make the final $S$ equal $T$, print -1.

Constraints

• $T$ is a string consisting of lowercase English letters with length between $1$ and $100$, inclusive.
• $N$ is an integer between $1$ and $100$, inclusive.
• $A_i$ is an integer between $1$ and $10$, inclusive.
• $S_{i,j}$ is a string consisting of lowercase English letters with length between $1$ and $10$, inclusive.

Sample Input 1

abcde
3
3 ab abc abcd
4 f c cd bcde
2 e de

Sample Output 1

2

For example, doing the following makes the final $S$ equal $T$ with two yen, which can be shown to be the minimum amount required.

• For $i=1$, select abc from bag $1$ and concatenate it to the end of $S$, making $S=$ abc.
• For $i=2$, do nothing.
• For $i=3$, select de from bag $3$ and concatenate it to the end of $S$, making $S=$ abcde.

思路：分组背包，加上substr检查，注意覆盖问题，反向填表

Code

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <string>
#define ll long long
#define int long long
#define pii pair<int, int>
#define pb push_back
#define gcd __gcd
#define lcm(a, b) (a * b) / gcd(a, b)
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define mem(a, x) memset(a, x, sizeof(a))
#define f(i, s, e) for (int i = s; i <= e; i++)
#define ff(i, s, e) for (int i = s; i >= e; i--)
#define setbits(x) __builtin_popcount(x)
#define zrobits(x) __builtin_ctzll(x)
#define mod 100000007
#define maxn (ll)(2e5 + 5000)
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;

signed main(void)
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cin.tie(nullptr);

    string T;
    cin >> T;
    int N;
    cin >> N;

    vector<string> bags[N];
    f(i, 0, N - 1)
    {
        int Ai;
        cin >> Ai;
        for (int j = 0; j < Ai; j++)
        {
            string Si;
            cin >> Si;
            if (Si.size() > 0 && Si.size() <= T.size()) // 排除空字符串和长度大于T的字符串
            {
                bags[i].pb(Si);
            }
        }
    }

    vector<int> dp(T.size() + 10, INF);
    dp[0] = 0;
    f(j, 0, N - 1)
    {
        ff(i, T.size(), 0) // i是现在填了的长度
        {
            for (string s : bags[j])
            {
                if (i + s.size() <= T.size() && T.substr(i, s.size()) == s)
                {
                    dp[i + s.size()] = min(dp[i + s.size()], dp[i] + 1);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (dp[T.size()] == INF)
    {
        cout << -1 << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << dp[T.size()] << endl;
    }


    return 0;
}

E - Insert or Erase

Problem Statement

You are given a sequence $A=(A_1,\dots ,A_N)$ of length $N$. The elements of $A$ are distinct.

Process $Q$ queries in the order they are given. Each query is of one of the following two types:

• 1 x y : Insert $y$ immediately after the element $x$ in $A$. It is guaranteed that $x$ exists in $A$ when this query is given.
• 2 x : Remove the element $x$ from $A$. It is guaranteed that $x$ exists in $A$ when this query is given.

It is guaranteed that after processing each query, $A$ will not be empty, and its elements will be distinct.

Print $A$ after processing all the queries.

Constraints

• $1\le N\le 2\times 10^5$
• $1\le Q\le 2\times 10^5$
• $1\le A_i\le 10^9$
• $A_i\ne A_j$
• For queries of the first type, $1\le x,y\le 10^9$.
• When a query of the first type is given, $x$ exists in $A$.
• For queries of the second type, $1\le x\le 10^9$.
• When a query of the second type is given, $x$ exists in $A$.
• After processing each query, $A$ is not empty, and its elements are distinct.
• All input values are integers.

Sample Input 1

4
2 1 4 3
4
2 1
1 4 5
2 2
1 5 1

Sample Output 1

4 5 1 3

The queries are processed as follows:

• Initially, $A=(2,1,4,3)$.
• The first query removes $1$, making $A=(2,4,3)$.
• The second query inserts $5$ immediately after $4$, making $A=(2,4,5,3)$.
• The third query removes $2$, making $A=(4,5,3)$.
• The fourth query inserts $1$ immediately after $5$, making $A=(4,5,1,3)$.

思路：根据题意，可以自然的想到双向链表，实现高效的插入和删除

Code

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#define ll long long
#define int long long
#define pii pair<int, int>
#define pb push_back
#define endl '\n'
#define gcd __gcd
#define lcm(a, b) (a * b) / gcd(a, b)
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define mem(a, x) memset(a, x, sizeof(a))
#define f(i, s, e) for (int i = s; i <= e; i++)
#define ff(i, s, e) for (int i = s; i >= e; i--)
#define setbits(x) __builtin_popcount(x)
#define zrobits(x) __builtin_ctzll(x)
#define mod 100000007
#define maxn (ll)(2e5 + 5000)
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;
// set<int>::iterator it;
list<int> a;
map<int, list<int>::iterator> pos;
signed main(void)
{
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false), cin.tie(nullptr);
    int n;
    cin >> n;
    f(i, 1, n)
    {
        int x;
        cin >> x;
        a.pb(x);
        pos[x] = prev(a.end());//获取a.end()的前一个迭代器
    }
    int q;
    cin >> q;
    while (q--)
    {
        int qq;
        cin >> qq;
        if (qq == 1)
        {
            int x, y;
            cin >> x >> y;
            pos[y] = a.insert(next(pos[x]), y);//小技巧，链表的insert()在插入完成后会返回一个迭代器，即在pos[x]的下一个位置（也就是 x 的后面，这个函数会返回一个迭代器，指向新插入的元素 y
        }
        else if (qq == 2)
        {
            int x;
            cin >> x;
            a.erase(pos[x]);
            pos.erase(x);
        }
    }
    for (auto i : a)
    {
        cout << i << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}

总结：这次是unrated，打的很放松，所以比平时好很多