C++_数组类封装_模板

数组类封装

实现一个通用的数组类，要求如下：

1. 可以对内置数据类型以及自定义类型的数据进行存储

2. 将数组中的数据存储到堆区

3. 构造函数中可以传入数组的容量

4. 提供对应的拷贝构造函数以及operater=防止浅拷贝问题

5. 提供尾插法和尾删法对数组中的数据进行增加和删除

6. 可以通过下标的方式访问数组中的元素

7. 可以获取数组中当前元素个数和数组的容量

代码

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <class T>
class MyArray
{
	private:
		T * pAddress;		//指针指向堆区开辟的真实数组
		int m_Capacity;		//数组容量
		int m_Size;			//数组元素个数
	public:
		//构造一个没有具体数据的数组
		MyArray(int capacity)
		{
			//cout << "MyArray 的构造函数调用" << endl; 
			this->m_Capacity = capacity;
			this->m_Size = 0;
			this->pAddress = new T[this->m_Capacity];
		}

		//深拷贝构造函数
		MyArray(const MyArray& arr)
		{
			//cout << "MyArray 的深拷贝构造函数调用" << endl;
			this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
			this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
			this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];

			//将arr中的数据都拷贝过来
			for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i++){
				this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
			}
		}

		//operator= 防止浅拷贝问题 a = b =c
		MyArray& operator=(const MyArray & arr)
		{
			//cout << "MyArray 的operator=函数调用" << endl;
			//先判断原来堆区是否有数据，如果有先释放
			if (this->pAddress != NULL)
			{
				delete[] this -> pAddress;
				this->pAddress = NULL;
				this->m_Capacity = 0;
				this->m_Size = 0;
			}

			//深拷贝
			this->m_Capacity = arr.m_Capacity;
			this->m_Size = arr.m_Size;
			this->pAddress = new T[arr.m_Capacity];
			for (int i = 0; i < this->m_Size; i ++){
				this->pAddress[i] = arr.pAddress[i];
			}
			return *this;
		}

		//尾插法
		void Push_Back(const T & val)
		{
			//判断容量是否等于大小
			if (this->m_Capacity == this->m_Size)
			{
				cout << "容量已满" << endl;
				return;
			}

			this->pAddress[this->m_Size] = val;	//在数组末尾插入数据
			this->m_Size ++;	//更新数组大小
		}

		//尾删法
		void Pop_Back()
		{
			//让用户访问不到最后一个元素，即为尾删，逻辑删除
			if(this->m_Size == 0)
			{
				cout << "容器已空" << endl;
				return;
			}
			this->m_Size--;
		}

		//通过下标方式访问数组中的元素	arr[0] = 10;&返回引用可以作为左值存在
		T & operator[](int index)
		{
			return this->pAddress[index];
		}

		//返回数组容量
		int getCapacity()
		{
			return this->m_Capacity;
		}

		//返回数组大小
		int getSize()
		{
			return this->m_Size;
		}

		//析构函数
		~MyArray()
		{
			if (this->pAddress != NULL)
			{
				//cout << "MyArray 的析构函数调用" << endl;
				delete[] this->pAddress;
				this->pAddress = NULL;
			}
		}
};

/*######int 普通类型的输出#######*/
void print_Int_Array(MyArray<int> & arr)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i ++)
	{
		cout << arr[i] << "    ";
	}
	cout << endl;
}
void test1()
{
	MyArray<int> arr1(10);		//创建一个大小为5的数组
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		arr1.Push_Back(i);
	}
	cout << "arr1的打印输出" << endl;
	print_Int_Array(arr1);
	cout << "arr1的容量:" << arr1.getCapacity() << endl;
	cout << "arr1的容量实际大小:" << arr1.getSize() << endl;

	MyArray<int> arr2(arr1);
	arr2.Pop_Back();		//尾删
	cout << "arr2尾删后的打印输出" << endl;
	print_Int_Array(arr2);
	cout << "arr2的容量:" << arr2.getCapacity() << endl;
	cout << "arr2的容量实际的大小:" << arr2.getSize() << endl;
}

/*##############自定义的类型的数组############*/
class Person
{
	public:
		Person()//无参构造
		{
		}
		Person(string name, int age)	//有参构造
		{
			this->m_Name = name;
			this->m_Age = age;
		}
		string m_Name;
		int m_Age;
};

void print_Person_Array(MyArray<Person> & arr)
{
	for (int i = 0; i < arr.getSize(); i ++)
	{
		cout << "name:" << arr[i].m_Name << "  age:" << arr[i].m_Age << endl;
	}
}

void test2()
{
	MyArray<Person> arr(10);
	Person p1("张三", 30);
	Person p2("李四", 23);
	Person p3("王五", 29);
	arr.Push_Back(p3);
	arr.Push_Back(p1);
	arr.Push_Back(p2);

	print_Person_Array(arr);
	cout << "arr的容量:" << arr.getCapacity() << endl;
	cout << "arr的容量实际大小:" << arr.getSize() << endl;

	arr.Pop_Back();
	print_Person_Array(arr);
	cout << "arr的容量:" << arr.getCapacity() << endl;
	cout << "arr的容量实际大小:" << arr.getSize() << endl;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	cout << "	int 普通类型的数组" << endl;
	test1();
	cout << "	自定义的类型的数组" << endl;
	test2();
	return 0;
}

运行的结果