java坦克大战1.0——java绘图技术

Graphics类

Graphics类可以理解是画笔为我们提供了各种绘制图形的方法

1.drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height);

    /**
     * Draws the outline of an oval.
     * The result is a circle or ellipse that fits within the
     * rectangle specified by the {@code x}, {@code y},
     * {@code width}, and {@code height} arguments.
     * <p>
     * The oval covers an area that is
     * <code>width&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels wide
     * and <code>height&nbsp;+&nbsp;1</code> pixels tall.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the upper left
     *                     corner of the oval to be drawn.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the upper left
     *                     corner of the oval to be drawn.
     * @param       width the width of the oval to be drawn.
     * @param       height the height of the oval to be drawn.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#fillOval
     */
    public abstract void drawOval(int x, int y, int width, int height);

        这个函数上一个文章讲过，x，y是指椭圆里x轴y轴的距离，width和height是椭圆的宽度和高度，例子和运行结果如下：

g.drawOval(10,10,100,100);

         

2.drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);

    /**
     * Draws a line, using the current color, between the points
     * <code>(x1,&nbsp;y1)</code> and <code>(x2,&nbsp;y2)</code>
     * in this graphics context's coordinate system.
     * @param   x1  the first point's <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param   y1  the first point's <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @param   x2  the second point's <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param   y2  the second point's <i>y</i> coordinate.
     */
    public abstract void drawLine(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2);

         这个方法可以在画板上画一条斜线，x1，y1和x2，y2分别是指起点和终点的坐标，以java坐标系为参考对象，例子如下

 g.drawLine(10,10,100,100);

 

3.drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height)

    /**
     * Draws the outline of the specified rectangle.
     * The left and right edges of the rectangle are at
     * {@code x} and <code>x&nbsp;+&nbsp;width</code>.
     * The top and bottom edges are at
     * {@code y} and <code>y&nbsp;+&nbsp;height</code>.
     * The rectangle is drawn using the graphics context's current color.
     * @param         x   the <i>x</i> coordinate
     *                         of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param         y   the <i>y</i> coordinate
     *                         of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param         width   the width of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @param         height   the height of the rectangle to be drawn.
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#fillRect
     * @see          java.awt.Graphics#clearRect
     */
    public void drawRect(int x, int y, int width, int height) {
        if ((width < 0) || (height < 0)) {
            return;
        }

        if (height == 0 || width == 0) {
            drawLine(x, y, x + width, y + height);
        } else {
            drawLine(x, y, x + width - 1, y);
            drawLine(x + width, y, x + width, y + height - 1);
            drawLine(x + width, y + height, x + 1, y + height);
            drawLine(x, y + height, x, y + 1);
        }
    }

这个方法可以画出一个矩形边框，参数和画椭圆一样，x，y代表距离x轴y轴的宽度width和height表示宽和高

g.drawRect(10,10,100,100);

            

4.fillRect(int x, int y, int width, int height);

    /**
     * Fills the specified rectangle.
     * The left and right edges of the rectangle are at
     * {@code x} and <code>x&nbsp;+&nbsp;width&nbsp;-&nbsp;1</code>.
     * The top and bottom edges are at
     * {@code y} and <code>y&nbsp;+&nbsp;height&nbsp;-&nbsp;1</code>.
     * The resulting rectangle covers an area
     * {@code width} pixels wide by
     * {@code height} pixels tall.
     * The rectangle is filled using the graphics context's current color.
     * @param         x   the <i>x</i> coordinate
     *                         of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param         y   the <i>y</i> coordinate
     *                         of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param         width   the width of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @param         height   the height of the rectangle to be filled.
     * @see           java.awt.Graphics#clearRect
     * @see           java.awt.Graphics#drawRect
     */
    public abstract void fillRect(int x, int y, int width, int height);

用来绘制矩形填充图形，参数和上面矩形边框差不多。例子如下：

 g.fillRect(10,10,100,100);

5.fillOval(int x, int y, int width, int height);

    /**
     * Fills an oval bounded by the specified rectangle with the
     * current color.
     * @param       x the <i>x</i> coordinate of the upper left corner
     *                     of the oval to be filled.
     * @param       y the <i>y</i> coordinate of the upper left corner
     *                     of the oval to be filled.
     * @param       width the width of the oval to be filled.
     * @param       height the height of the oval to be filled.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawOval
     */
    public abstract void fillOval(int x, int y, int width, int height);

 椭圆填充函数，参数列表参考画椭圆边框

g.fillOval(10,10,110,200);

 

6.drawString(String str, int x, int y);

    /**
     * Draws the text given by the specified string, using this
     * graphics context's current font and color. The baseline of the
     * leftmost character is at position (<i>x</i>,&nbsp;<i>y</i>) in this
     * graphics context's coordinate system.
     * @param       str      the string to be drawn.
     * @param       x        the <i>x</i> coordinate.
     * @param       y        the <i>y</i> coordinate.
     * @throws NullPointerException if {@code str} is {@code null}.
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawBytes
     * @see         java.awt.Graphics#drawChars
     */
    public abstract void drawString(String str, int x, int y);

画个字符串，str是要输出的字符串，x，y是位置

g.drawString("北京你好",20,20);

 

7.setColor(Color c)；

    /**
     * Sets this graphics context's current color to the specified
     * color. All subsequent graphics operations using this graphics
     * context use this specified color.
     * @param     c   the new rendering color.
     * @see       java.awt.Color
     * @see       java.awt.Graphics#getColor
     */
    public abstract void setColor(Color c);

在绘制的过程中，我们一般默认边框或是填充的颜色都是黑色，我们通过这个方法可以改变颜色

其中Color类里面有一些参数变量：

    /**
     * The color white.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color white     = new Color(255, 255, 255);

    /**
     * The color white.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color WHITE = white;

    /**
     * The color light gray.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color lightGray = new Color(192, 192, 192);

    /**
     * The color light gray.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color LIGHT_GRAY = lightGray;

    /**
     * The color gray.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color gray      = new Color(128, 128, 128);

    /**
     * The color gray.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color GRAY = gray;

    /**
     * The color dark gray.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color darkGray  = new Color(64, 64, 64);

    /**
     * The color dark gray.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color DARK_GRAY = darkGray;

    /**
     * The color black.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color black     = new Color(0, 0, 0);

    /**
     * The color black.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color BLACK = black;

    /**
     * The color red.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color red       = new Color(255, 0, 0);

    /**
     * The color red.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color RED = red;

    /**
     * The color pink.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color pink      = new Color(255, 175, 175);

    /**
     * The color pink.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color PINK = pink;

    /**
     * The color orange.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color orange    = new Color(255, 200, 0);

    /**
     * The color orange.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color ORANGE = orange;

    /**
     * The color yellow.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color yellow    = new Color(255, 255, 0);

    /**
     * The color yellow.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color YELLOW = yellow;

    /**
     * The color green.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color green     = new Color(0, 255, 0);

    /**
     * The color green.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color GREEN = green;

    /**
     * The color magenta.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color magenta   = new Color(255, 0, 255);

    /**
     * The color magenta.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color MAGENTA = magenta;

    /**
     * The color cyan.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color cyan      = new Color(0, 255, 255);

    /**
     * The color cyan.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color CYAN = cyan;

    /**
     * The color blue.  In the default sRGB space.
     */
    public static final Color blue      = new Color(0, 0, 255);

    /**
     * The color blue.  In the default sRGB space.
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public static final Color BLUE = blue;

是关于颜色的一些final参数，用于改变颜色，例子如下：

g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
g.fillRect(10,10,100,100);

 

8.setFont(Font font);

    /**
     * Sets this graphics context's font to the specified font.
     * All subsequent text operations using this graphics context
     * use this font. A null argument is silently ignored.
     * @param  font   the font.
     * @see     java.awt.Graphics#getFont
     * @see     java.awt.Graphics#drawString(java.lang.String, int, int)
     * @see     java.awt.Graphics#drawBytes(byte[], int, int, int, int)
     * @see     java.awt.Graphics#drawChars(char[], int, int, int, int)
    */
    public abstract void setFont(Font font);

这里应该传入一个font类的对象，而font的构造函数一共要传入三个参数：

 public Font(String name, int style, int size) {
        this.name = (name != null) ? name : "Default";
        this.style = (style & ~0x03) == 0 ? style : 0;
        this.size = size;
        this.pointSize = size;
    }

一个是字体对应的名字，size是对应的大小，而style是对应一些字体的改变如粗体，斜体之类，如下，以下是一些style的类型：

    /**
     * The plain style constant.
     */
    public static final int PLAIN       = 0;

    /**
     * The bold style constant.  This can be combined with the other style
     * constants (except PLAIN) for mixed styles.
     */
    public static final int BOLD        = 1;

    /**
     * The italicized style constant.  This can be combined with the other
     * style constants (except PLAIN) for mixed styles.
     */
    public static final int ITALIC      = 2;

    /**
     * The baseline used in most Roman scripts when laying out text.
     */
    public static final int ROMAN_BASELINE = 0;

    /**
     * The baseline used in ideographic scripts like Chinese, Japanese,
     * and Korean when laying out text.
     */
    public static final int CENTER_BASELINE = 1;

    /**
     * The baseline used in Devanagari and similar scripts when laying
     * out text.
     */
    public static final int HANGING_BASELINE = 2;

    /**
     * Identify a font resource of type TRUETYPE.
     * Used to specify a TrueType font resource to the
     * {@link #createFont} method.
     * The TrueType format was extended to become the OpenType
     * format, which adds support for fonts with Postscript outlines,
     * this tag therefore references these fonts, as well as those
     * with TrueType outlines.
     * @since 1.3
     */

    public static final int TRUETYPE_FONT = 0;

    /**
     * Identify a font resource of type TYPE1.
     * Used to specify a Type1 font resource to the
     * {@link #createFont} method.
     * @since 1.5
     */
    public static final int TYPE1_FONT = 1;