Qt5绘制曲线图（以阻值数据为例）

此篇内容主要实现了读取电阻数据并绘制曲线图，详细介绍见博客Qt5绘制曲线图（以阻值曲线为例）-CSDN博客

完整代码如下：

#include"plotwindow.h"
#include"ui_TcpServer.h"
#include<cstdlib>
#include<ctime>
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f

//初始化历史电阻率图形窗口
plotWindow::plotWindow(QWidget* parent)
{
	n = 30;
	image = QImage(650, 320, QImage::Format_RGB32);  //画布的初始化大小设为600*300，使用32位颜色
	QColor backColor = qRgb(255, 255, 255);    //画布初始化背景色使用白色
	setFixedSize(650, 320);
	image.fill(backColor);//对画布进行填充
	int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)//初始化数组
	{
		a[i] = 1000;
	}
}
bool plotWindow::init(){
     QColor backColor = qRgb(255, 255, 255);    //画布初始化背景色使用白色
     image.fill(backColor);//对画布进行填充
}

//从文件读取历史电阻率数据
bool plotWindow::file_open()
{
	int i = 0; int j = 0;
	int temp[2048];
    fp = fopen("data.txt", "r");//以只读模式打开文件并将其句柄存储在 fp 中
	if (fp == NULL)
	{
        printf("data.txt open is error\n");
		return false;
	}
    else{printf("data.txt open is ok\n");}

	int ch;
	ch = fgetc(fp);                    //首先从文件中读取，判断是不是文件结束符EOF
	if (ch == EOF)
    {printf("nothing\n");}            //如果是直接关闭文件退出
    rewind(fp);                      //如果不是，让文件内部的指针重新指向文件开头

    while (!feof(fp))//将文件中读取的数据存储到数组a中
	{
		fscanf(fp, "%d ", &temp[i]);
        i = i + 1;
	}
	i = i - 30;
	for (j = 0; j < n; j++){a[j] = temp[i + j];}
	fclose(fp);
	return true;
}


void plotWindow::Paint()
{
	QPainter painter(&image);
    painter.setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing, true);//设置反锯齿模式，使图像更平滑


    int pointx = 50, pointy = 300;//确定坐标轴起点坐标
    int height = 260,width = 580 - pointx ;//根据画布大小确定坐标轴宽度跟高度

	//绘制坐标轴 坐标轴原点(35，280)
    painter.drawRect(5, 5, 590, 310);//外围的矩形，从(5,5)起，到(590,310)结束
	painter.drawLine(pointx, pointy, width + pointx, pointy);//坐标轴x宽度为width
	painter.drawLine(pointx, pointy - height, pointx, pointy);//坐标轴y高度为height
	srand(time(NULL));

	//获得数据中最大值和最小值、平均数
	double sum = 0;
	double ave = 0;
    int max = 0;
    int min = inf;
	int maxpos = 0, minpos = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
	{
		sum += a[i];
        if (a[i] > max) {max = a[i];maxpos = i;}
        if (a[i] < min) {min = a[i];minpos = i;}
	}
    ave = sum / n;

    //计算 x 轴和 y 轴的缩放系数:kx 是图像宽度除以数据点数量减去 1;ky 是图像高度除以数据中的最大值
    double kx = (double)width / (n - 1);
    double ky = (double)height / (max*2);
	QPen pen, penPoint;
	pen.setColor(Qt::black);
	pen.setWidth(2);
	penPoint.setColor(Qt::blue);
	penPoint.setWidth(5);
	for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
	{
        //y轴是倒着的，y轴坐标要pointy-a[i]*ky
        painter.setPen(pen);//黑色用于连线
		painter.drawLine(pointx + kx * i, pointy - a[i] * ky, pointx + kx * (i + 1), pointy - a[i + 1] * ky);
        painter.setPen(penPoint);//蓝色用于标记各个点
		painter.drawPoint(pointx + kx * i, pointy - a[i] * ky);
	}
	painter.drawPoint(pointx + kx * (n - 1), pointy - a[n - 1] * ky);//绘制最后一个点

	//绘制平均线
	QPen penAve;
    penAve.setColor(Qt::red);
	penAve.setWidth(2);
    penAve.setStyle(Qt::DotLine);
	painter.setPen(penAve);
	painter.drawLine(pointx, pointy - ave * ky, pointx + width, pointy - ave * ky);

	//绘制最大值和最小值
	QPen penMaxMin;
	penMaxMin.setColor(Qt::darkGreen);//暗绿色
	painter.setPen(penMaxMin);
	painter.drawText(pointx + kx * maxpos - kx, pointy - a[maxpos] * ky - 5,
        "max " + QString::number(max));
	painter.drawText(pointx + kx * minpos - kx, pointy - a[minpos] * ky + 15,
        "min " + QString::number(min));

	penMaxMin.setColor(Qt::red);
	penMaxMin.setWidth(7);
	painter.setPen(penMaxMin);
	painter.drawPoint(pointx + kx * maxpos, pointy - a[maxpos] * ky);//标记最大值点
	painter.drawPoint(pointx + kx * minpos, pointy - a[minpos] * ky);//标记最小值点


	//绘制刻度线
	QPen penDegree;
	penDegree.setColor(Qt::black);
	penDegree.setWidth(2);
	painter.setPen(penDegree);
	//画上x轴刻度线
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)//分成10份
	{
		//选取合适的坐标，绘制一段长度为4的直线，用于表示刻度
		painter.drawLine(pointx + (i + 1) * width / 10, pointy, pointx + (i + 1) * width / 10, pointy - 4);
		painter.drawText(pointx + (i + 0.8) * width / 10,
			pointy + 15, QString::number((int)((i + 1) * ((double)n / 10))));
	}
	//y轴刻度线
    double _maStep = (double)max/ 10;//y轴刻度间隔需根据最大值来表示
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
	{
        //确定一个位置，然后画一条短短的直线表示刻度。
		painter.drawLine(pointx, pointy - (i + 1) * height / 10,
			pointx + 4, pointy - (i + 1) * height / 10);
		painter.drawText(pointx - 43, pointy - (i + 0.85) * height / 10,
			QString::number((int)(_maStep * (i + 1))));
    }
}

plotWindow::~plotWindow()
{
}