HttpClient简介

HttpClient介绍

HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议。

maven坐标

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>

核心API:

• HttpClient
• HttpClients
• CloseableHttpClient : HttpClient的实现类
• HttpGet
• HttpPost

发送请求步骤:

• 创建HttpClient对象
• 创建Http请求对象
• 调用HttpClient的execute方法发送请求

测试代码:

@SpringBootTest
public class HttpClientTest {

    /**
     * 测试通过httpclient发送GET方式请求
     */
    @Test
    public void testGET() throws IOException {
        //创建httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //创建请求对象
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/user/shop/status");

        //发送请求, 接收响应结果
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

        //获取服务端返回的状态码
        int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("服务端返回的状态码为：" + statusCode);

        //获取响应体
        HttpEntity httpEntity = response.getEntity();
        String body = EntityUtils.toString(httpEntity);
        System.out.println("服务端返回的数据为：" + body);

        //关闭资源
        response.close();
        httpClient.close();
    }

    /**
     * 测试通过httpclient发送POST方式的请求
     */
    @Test
    public void testPost() throws IOException, JSONException {
        //创建httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        //创建请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/admin/employee/login");

        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("username", "admin");
        jsonObject.put("password", "123456");

        StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString());

        //指定请求编码方式
        stringEntity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");

        //数据格式
        stringEntity.setContentType("application/json");
        httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);

        //发送请求, 接收响应结果
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);

        //获取状态码
        int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("服务端返回的状态码为：" + statusCode);

        //获取响应体
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        String body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
        System.out.println("服务端返回的数据为：" + body);

        //关闭资源
        response.close();
        httpclient.close();
    }
}