httpClient使用介绍

Withered@

于 2024-03-27 17:12:15 发布

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文章标签： java http

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_73451795/article/details/137083083

版权

HttpClient 是Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目，可以用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包，并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。

就是用来发送http请求或者解析http响应的。

导入依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.13</version>
</dependency>

使用步骤：

创建HttpClient实例
创建某种连接方法的实例
调用HttpClient实例的execute方法来执行请求方法
读取response
释放连接，无论执行方法是否成功

发送get请求：

创建HttpClient实例

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

创建GET请求方法实例

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http地址");

调用HttpClient实例执行GET实例，返回response

CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

解析response

// 获取状态码
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
// 获取实例
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
// 获取实例数据
String html = EntityUtils.toString(entity);

释放连接

response.close();
httpClient.close();

发送post请求：

与get请求方式基本相同，只需在创建POST请求实例后，使用实例对象调用setEntity(new StringEntity("参数"));设置参数

创建HttpClient实例

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

创建POST请求方法实例

HttpGet httpPost = new HttpPost("http地址");

设置参数

httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity("参数"));

调用HttpClient实例执行GET实例，返回response

CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

解析response

// 获取状态码
int status = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
// 获取实例
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
// 获取实例数据
String html = EntityUtils.toString(entity);

释放连接

response.close();
httpClient.close();

使用表单提交参数：

提交表单一共就这几步：

创建http实例
创建Post请求
设置表单参数并让Post携带
执行请求，获取响应
解析响应
关闭资源

// 1. 创建HttpClient实例
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

// 2. 设置表单参数
List<NameValuePair> listValues =  new ArrayList<>();
listValues.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "root"));
listValues.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));

// 3. 创建HttpPost实例
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://httpbin.org/post");

// 4. 让Post携带表单参数
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(listValues, Consts.UTF_8));

// 5. 获取HttpResponse响应
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

// 6. 读response
System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));

// 7. 释放资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();

封装好的HttpClient工具类：

package com.sky.utils;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * Http工具类
 */
public class HttpClientUtil {

    static final  int TIMEOUT_MSEC = 5 * 1000;

    /**
     * 发送GET方式请求
     * @param url
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url,Map<String,String> paramMap){
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        String result = "";
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        try{
            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
            if(paramMap != null){
                for (String key : paramMap.keySet()) {
                    builder.addParameter(key,paramMap.get(key));
                }
            }
            URI uri = builder.build();

            //创建GET请求
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

            //发送请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);

            //判断响应状态
            if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
                result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"UTF-8");
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                response.close();
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 发送POST方式请求
     * @param url
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";

        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            // 创建参数列表
            if (paramMap != null) {
                List<NameValuePair> paramList = new ArrayList();
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {
                    paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue()));
                }
                // 模拟表单
                UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList);
                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }

            httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());

            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }

    /**
     * 发送POST方式请求
     * @param url
     * @param paramMap
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String doPost4Json(String url, Map<String, String> paramMap) throws IOException {
        // 创建Httpclient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        String resultString = "";

        try {
            // 创建Http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

            if (paramMap != null) {
                //构造json格式数据
                JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
                for (Map.Entry<String, String> param : paramMap.entrySet()) {
                    jsonObject.put(param.getKey(),param.getValue());
                }
                StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonObject.toString(),"utf-8");
                //设置请求编码
                entity.setContentEncoding("utf-8");
                //设置数据类型
                entity.setContentType("application/json");
                httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            }

            httpPost.setConfig(builderRequestConfig());

            // 执行http请求
            response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);

            resultString = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw e;
        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        return resultString;
    }
    private static RequestConfig builderRequestConfig() {
        return RequestConfig.custom()
                .setConnectTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC)
                .setSocketTimeout(TIMEOUT_MSEC).build();
    }

}