MyBatis入门

Mybatis执行流程如下：

 步骤为：

1. 读取MyBatis 配置文件mybatis-config.xml,加载数据源、事务等，管理映射文件

2. 加载映射文件mapper.xml，用于映射表中列和实体属性的关系

3. 定义SQL语句，在上一步的文件中加载。

4. 创建会话工厂。(SqlSessionFactory)，数据库连接池

5. 创建会话(SqlSession)，连接对象

6. 通过Executor 操作数据库

7. 输入参数和输出结果

下面我们用具体代码来了解Mybatis

1.导入mybatis的依赖,mysql驱动,junit

<dependencies>
        <!--mybatis依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.5.5</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

2.在src/main/resources目录创建两类配置文件

• 局配置文件: mybatis-config.xml 对应的类:org.apache.ibatis.session.Configuration#Configuration()

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <!--环境配置:default:默认使用那个数据源-->
    <environments default="mysql">
        <!--数据源环境-->
        <environment id="mysql">
            <!--transactionManager:事务管理器
                JDBC:手动提交事务
                MANAGED:交给第三方框架管理
            -->
            <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
            <!--数据源:
              type:数据源类型
                1. POOLED:带连接池的数据库,性能高
                2.JNDI:外部数据源
                3.UNPOOLED:不带连接池的数据源
            -->
            <dataSource type="POOLED">
                <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
                <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test" />
                <property name="username" value="root" />
                <property name="password" value="123456" />
            </dataSource>
        </environment>


    </environments>
    <!--加载mapper映射文件-->
<!--    <mappers>-->
<!--        <mapper resource="org/mybatis/example/BlogMapper.xml"/>-->
<!--    </mappers>-->
</configuration>

mapper映射文件:一张表对应一个mapper映射文件

事务: 在同一个事务下,一组sql,要就全部成功,要就全部失败

事务四大特征:ACID

• 原子性

• 隔离性

• 持久性

• 一致性

3.为tb_user表创建对应的实体类User

package com.fs.entity;

import java.util.Date;

public class User {
    /**
     * 实体类属性的数据类型使用包装类
     */
    private Integer id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String sex;
    //日期类型:java.util.Date
    private Date brithday;
    private String address;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getSex() {
        return sex;
    }

    public void setSex(String sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }

    public Date getBrithday() {
        return brithday;
    }

    public void setBrithday(Date brithday) {
        this.brithday = brithday;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", sex='" + sex + '\'' +
                ", brithday=" + brithday +
                ", address='" + address + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public User() {
    }

    public User(Integer id, String username, String password, String sex, Date brithday, String address) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.brithday = brithday;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public User(String username, String password, String sex, Date brithday, String address) {
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.brithday = brithday;
        this.address = address;
    }
}

4.对应表mapper映射文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="org.mybatis.example.BlogMapper">
  
</mapper>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "https://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--
  namespace:命名空间,现在随便写
  后期专门写法
-->
<mapper namespace="xxx">
    <!--sql语句:每一个sql称为一个statement-->
    <!--查询statement:select
       属性:
       id:唯一标识符
       parameterType:输入参数类型,如果输入参数简单数据类型,可以省略
                     自定义类类型,一定不能省略:全限定名(包.类)
       resultType: 结果集类型:查询一条记录转换那个对象类型:
                    自定义类类型,全限定名(包.类)

       sql语句占位符: #{名字},${名字}
            如果parameterType是简单数据类型,名字随便写
            如果parameterType是自定义类类型, 名字写的是类对应的属性名
    -->
    <select id="queryById" parameterType="int" resultType="com.fs.entity.User">
        select * from tb_user where id=#{uid}
    </select>

</mapper>

package com.fs;

import com.fs.entity.User;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * 测试类
 */
public class UserDaoTest {

    @Test
    public void testQueryById() throws IOException {
        //使用mybatis操作数据库
        /*
        1.加载mybatis全局配置文件
        2.创建SqlSessionFactory对象(构建者设计模式:SqlSessionFactoryBuilder)
        3.根据SqlSessionFactory对象创建sqlSession对象
        4.调用sqlSession对象的方法,执行sql语句
        5.关闭sqlSession
         */
        //1.加载mybatis全局配置文件
        InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream(" mybatis-config.xml");
        //2.创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder builder=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        //3.创建SqlSessionFactory对象
        SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = builder.build(in);
        //4.创建sqlSession对象
        SqlSession sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
        //5.执行sql语句 statementID:namespace.statementId
        User user=sqlSession.selectOne("xxx.queryById",1);
        System.out.println(user);

        //6.关闭sqlSession
        sqlSession.close();

    }
}

可能会出现问题：

xxx.queryById找不到:

原因:

1.mapper映射文件没有加载

2.statement字符串写错,一定复制粘贴