SpringBoot项目 简单美观的全局异常处理

涉及的类

ErrorCode.java	此枚举类中包含了异常的唯一标识、HTTP 状态码以及错误信息
ErrorReponse.java	返回给客户端具体的异常对象
BaseException.java	继承自 RuntimeException 的抽象类，可以看做系统中其他异常类的父类
ResourceNotFoundException.java等	自定义异常
GlobalExceptionHandler.java	全局异常捕获

ErrorCode.java:

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;


publicenum ErrorCode {

    RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND(1001, HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "未找到该资源"),
    REQUEST_VALIDATION_FAILED(1002, HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "请求数据格式验证失败");
    privatefinalint code;

    privatefinal HttpStatus status;

    privatefinal String message;

    ErrorCode(int code, HttpStatus status, String message) {
        this.code = code;
        this.status = status;
        this.message = message;
    }

    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public HttpStatus getStatus() {
        return status;
    }

    public String getMessage() {
        return message;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return"ErrorCode{" +
                "code=" + code +
                ", status=" + status +
                ", message='" + message + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

ErrorReponse.java

import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;

import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

publicclass ErrorReponse {
    privateint code;
    privateint status;
    private String message;
    private String path;
    private Instant timestamp;
    private HashMap<String, Object> data = new HashMap<String, Object>();

    public ErrorReponse() {
    }

    public ErrorReponse(BaseException ex, String path) {
        this(ex.getError().getCode(), ex.getError().getStatus().value(), ex.getError().getMessage(), path, ex.getData());
    }

    public ErrorReponse(int code, int status, String message, String path, Map<String, Object> data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.status = status;
        this.message = message;
        this.path = path;
        this.timestamp = Instant.now();
        if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(data)) {
            this.data.putAll(data);
        }
    }

// 省略 getter/setter 方法

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return"ErrorReponse{" +
                "code=" + code +
                ", status=" + status +
                ", message='" + message + '\'' +
                ", path='" + path + '\'' +
                ", timestamp=" + timestamp +
                ", data=" + data +
                '}';
    }
}

BaseException.java

public abstract class BaseException extends RuntimeException {
    private final ErrorCode error;
    private final HashMap<String, Object> data = new HashMap<>();

    public BaseException(ErrorCode error, Map<String, Object> data) {
        super(error.getMessage());
        this.error = error;
        if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(data)) {
            this.data.putAll(data);
        }
    }

    protected BaseException(ErrorCode error, Map<String, Object> data, Throwable cause) {
        super(error.getMessage(), cause);
        this.error = error;
        if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(data)) {
            this.data.putAll(data);
        }
    }

    public ErrorCode getError() {
        return error;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> getData() {
        return data;
    }

}

ResourceNotFoundException.java

import java.util.Map;

publicclass ResourceNotFoundException extends BaseException {

    public ResourceNotFoundException(Map<String, Object> data) {
        super(ErrorCode.RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND, data);
    }
}

GlobalExceptionHandler.java

import com.twuc.webApp.web.ExceptionController;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@ControllerAdvice(assignableTypes = {ExceptionController.class})
@ResponseBody
publicclass GlobalExceptionHandler {

    // 也可以将 BaseException 换为 RuntimeException
    // 因为 RuntimeException 是 BaseException 的父类
    @ExceptionHandler(BaseException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<?> handleAppException(BaseException ex, HttpServletRequest request) {
        ErrorReponse representation = new ErrorReponse(ex, request.getRequestURI());
        return new ResponseEntity<>(representation, new HttpHeaders(), ex.getError().getStatus());
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(value = ResourceNotFoundException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorReponse> handleResourceNotFoundException(ResourceNotFoundException ex, HttpServletRequest request) {
        ErrorReponse errorReponse = new ErrorReponse(ex, request.getRequestURI());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST).body(errorReponse);
    }
}

异常处理机制

ExceptionHandlerMethodResolver.java中getMappedMethod决定了具体被哪个方法处理

@Nullable
	private Method getMappedMethod(Class<? extends Throwable> exceptionType) {
		List<Class<? extends Throwable>> matches = new ArrayList<>();
    //找到可以处理的所有异常信息。mappedMethods 中存放了异常和处理异常的方法的对应关系
		for (Class<? extends Throwable> mappedException : this.mappedMethods.keySet()) {
			if (mappedException.isAssignableFrom(exceptionType)) {
				matches.add(mappedException);
			}
		}
    // 不为空说明有方法处理异常
		if (!matches.isEmpty()) {
      // 按照匹配程度从小到大排序
			matches.sort(new ExceptionDepthComparator(exceptionType));
      // 返回处理异常的方法
			returnthis.mappedMethods.get(matches.get(0));
		}
		else {
			returnnull;
		}
	}

getMappedMethod()会首先找到可以匹配处理异常的所有方法信息，然后对其进行从小到大的排序，最后取最小的那一个匹配的方法(即匹配度最高的那个)

测试

当我们抛出了 ResourceNotFoundException异常会被handleResourceNotFoundException()方法捕获。因为 @ExceptionHandler 捕获异常的过程中，会优先找到最匹配的。

参考大佬代码：https://github.com/Snailclimb/springboot-guide/tree/master/source-code/basis/springboot-handle-exception-improved