目录
一、实验目的
1. 掌握类的继承机制
2. 掌握接口的定义方法
3. 熟悉成员方法或构造方法多态性
二、实验内容
1.卖车-接口与多态编程
【问题描述】
(1) 汽车接口(Car):有两个方法, getName()、getPrice()(接口源文件可以自己写,也可以直接从题目中下载)
(2) BMW类,实现汽车接口
(3) 奇瑞QQ类,实现汽车接口
(4) 桑塔那类,实现汽车接口
(4) 汽车出售店(CarShop)类,有成员变量:count(售出数量) 和total(总价),有方法:
void sellCar(Car car); (调用方法获取售出车的车型、售价;获取售出数量及总价)
int getCount(); int getTotal();
(5) 编写测试类:卖出一辆BMW、一辆奇瑞QQ、一辆桑塔那,输出结果.
【输入形式】
无
【输出形式】
卖出的第一辆车车型、单价
汽车店的总收入、卖出车数量
卖出的第二辆车车型、单价
汽车店的总收入、卖出车数量
卖出的第三辆车车型、单价
汽车店的总收入、卖出车数量
表4.1实验题目1测试用例
序号 | 样例输入 | 样例输出 |
1 | 无 | carModel:BMW price:300000 totalIncome:300000 countOfSold:1 carModel:CherryQQ price:20000 totalIncome:320000 countOfSold:2 carModel:Santana price:280000 totalIncome:600000 countOfSold:3 |
代码实现:
//Car.java
public interface Car {
String getName();
int getPrice();
}
//BMW.java
public class BMW implements Car{
@Override
public String getName() {
return "BMW";
}
@Override
public int getPrice() {
return 300_000;
}
}
//CherryQQ.java
public class CherryQQ implements Car{
@Override
public String getName() {
return "CherryQQ";
}
@Override
public int getPrice() {
return 20_000;//可用下划线便于区分
}
}
//Santana.java
public class Santana implements Car{
@Override
public String getName() {
return "Santana";
}
@Override
public int getPrice() {
return 280_000;
}
}
//CarShop.java
public class CarShop {
//设置成static后就能在Test中不用创建实例来调用CarShop中的方法
//即系统已给其分配内存
private static int count= 0;
private static int totalIncome = 0;
//接口car 这里的形参可以放入BMW CherryQQ
public static void sellCar(Car car){
count++;
totalIncome+= car.getPrice();
String info;
info = "carModel:"+car.getName()+" price:"+car.getPrice()+"\n"+
"totalIncome:"+getTotalIncome()+" countOfSold:"+getCount();
System.out.println(info);
}
public static int getCount() {
return count;
}
public static int getTotalIncome() {
return totalIncome;
}
}
//Test.java
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BMW bmw = new BMW();
CherryQQ cherryQQ =new CherryQQ();
Santana santana = new Santana();
CarShop.sellCar(bmw);
CarShop.sellCar(cherryQQ);
CarShop.sellCar(santana);
}
}
输出显示:
carModel:BMW price:300000
totalIncome:300000 countOfSold:1
carModel:CherryQQ price:20000
totalIncome:320000 countOfSold:2
carModel:Santana price:280000
totalIncome:600000 countOfSold:3进程已结束,退出代码0
2.继承-Student类及其子类
【问题描述】类的声明:
(1)声明Student类:
属性包括:学号、姓名、英语成绩、数学成绩、Java成绩、总成绩(成绩为double型,学号、姓名为String类型)
方法包括:构造方法、标准方法、toString()方法、compare()方法(比较两个学生的总成绩,结果分大于、等于、小于)、sum()方法(计算总成绩)、testScore()方法(计算评测成绩)
注:评测成绩取三门课程成绩的平均分(评测成绩保留2位小数)
(2)声明StudentSJ(参与综合设计的学生)类为Student的子类,增加任务属性,并重写testScore()方法(计算评测成绩,评测成绩=三门课的平均分+3)
(3)声明StudentZZ(综合设计组长)类为Student的子类,增加责任属性,并重写testScore()方法(计算评测成绩,评测成绩=三门课的平均分+5)
(4)声明测试类:在主方法中声明Student类数组(含3个元素),生成3个对象存入数组,其中一个为Student类的对象,一个StudentSJ类的对象,一个StudentZZ类的对象,将方法testScore()发送给数组中的每一个元素,输出结果,并分析具体执行的是哪一个类中的方法。比较StudentSJ类对象和StudentZZ类对象的总成绩,输出结果。
【输入形式】
三行:第一行,学生的信息;
第二行,参加综合设计的学生信息
第三行,综合设计组长信息
【输出形式】
学生对象的详细信息
综合设计学生对象的详细信息
综合设计组长对象的详细信息
StudentSJ类对象和StudentZZ类对象的总成绩的比较结果
表4.2实验题目2测试用例
序号 | 1 |
样例输入 | 1001 Zhangsan 89 87 84 1002 Lisi 78 65 90 SystemFramework 1003 Wangwu 90 87 92 GroupLeader |
样例输出 | stuNo:1001 name:Zhangsan english:89.0 math:87.0 Java:84.0 testScore:86.67 stuNo:1002 name:Lisi english:78.0 math:65.0 Java:90.0 testScore:80.67 task:SystemFramework stuNo:1003 name:Wangwu english:90.0 math:87.0 Java:92.0 testScore:94.67 duty:GroupLeader Lisi's total score is less than Wangwu (一个学生的信息占一行) |
代码实现:
//Student.java
package experiment_4_2;
public class Student {
private String ID,name;
private double english,math,java,total;
public Student(String ID, String name, double english, double math, double java) {
this.ID = ID;
this.name = name;
this.english = english;
this.math = math;
this.java = java;
}
public double sum(){
total = english+math+java;
return total;
}
public static void compare(Student stu1,Student stu2){
if (stu1.sum()> stu2.sum()){
System.out.println(stu1.name+"'s total score is greater than "+stu2.name);
}
else if (stu1.sum()< stu2.sum()){
System.out.println(stu1.name+"'s total score is less than "+stu2.name);
}
else {
System.out.println(stu1.name+"'s total score is equal to "+stu2.name);
}
}
public double testScore(){
return sum()/3;
}
public String toString(){
String info;
info = "stuNo:"+ID+" name:"+name+" english:"+english+" math:"+math+" Java:"+java+
" testScore:"+String.format("%.2f",testScore());
return info;
}
}
//StudentSJ.java
package experiment_4_2;
public class StudentSJ extends Student{
private String task;
public StudentSJ(String ID, String name, double english, double math, double java,String task) {
super(ID, name, english, math, java);
this.task = task;
}
@Override
public double testScore() {
return 3+sum()/3;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return super.toString()+" task:"+task;
}
}
//StudentZZ.java
package experiment_4_2;
public class StudentZZ extends Student{
private String duty;
public StudentZZ(String ID, String name, double english, double math, double java,String duty) {
super(ID, name, english, math, java);
this.duty = duty;
}
@Override
public double testScore() {
return sum()/3+5;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return super.toString()+" duty:"+duty;
}
}
//Test.java
package experiment_4_2;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Student[] students = new Student[3];
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
students[0] = new Student(sc.next(), sc.next(), sc.nextDouble(), sc.nextDouble(), sc.nextDouble());
students[1] = new StudentSJ(sc.next(), sc.next(),sc.nextDouble(), sc.nextDouble(), sc.nextDouble(), sc.next());
students[2] = new StudentZZ(sc.next(), sc.next(),sc.nextDouble(), sc.nextDouble(), sc.nextDouble(), sc.next());
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
System.out.println(students[i]);
}
Student.compare(students[1],students[2]);
}
}
输出显示:
2. 编程实现运算类—工厂设计模式
【问题描述】
(1)定义抽象类Operation,有double型数据成员numberA、numberB,有抽象方法getResult()
(2)定义Operation的4个子类,分别实现加、减、除运算,二个数的平均数运算
(3)定义类OperationFactory:有静态方法Operation createOperate(String operate); 根据形参operate的值创建相应加、减、除、平均值类的对象,赋给抽象类引用后返回
(4)定义测试类及主方法:用户从键盘输入运算数及运算符,根据运算符调用OperationFactory类的静态方法,创建相应实例,设置运算数,输出运行结果
【输入形式】
一个表达式(数据与运算符之间空格间隔)
【输出形式】
表达式运算的结果,保留3位小数
【样例输入】
表4.3实验题目3测试用例
序号 | 样例输入 | 样例输出 |
1 | 45.8 + 80.9 | Result:126.700 |
2 | 100 / 3 | Result:33.333 |
3 | 123 / 0 | Devide by zero! |
代码实现:
//Operation.java
package experiment_4_3;
public abstract class Operation {
protected double numberA,numberB;
public abstract double getResult();
public void setNumberA(double numberA) {
this.numberA = numberA;
}
public void setNumberB(double numberB) {
this.numberB = numberB;
}
}
//Plus.java
package experiment_4_3;
public class Plus extends Operation{
@Override
public double getResult() {
return numberA+numberB;
}
}
//Subtraction.java
package experiment_4_3;
public class Subtraction extends Operation{
@Override
public double getResult() {
return numberA - numberB;
}
}
//Average.java
package experiment_4_3;
public class Average extends Operation{
@Override
public double getResult() {
return (numberA+numberB)/2;
}
}
//Division.java
package experiment_4_3;
public class Division extends Operation{
@Override
public double getResult() {
return numberA/numberB;
}
}
//OperationFactory.java
package experiment_4_3;
public class OperationFactory {
public static Operation createOperation(String operate){
Operation op = null;
switch (operate){
case "+":op = new Plus();break;
case "-":op = new Subtraction();break;
case "avg":op = new Average();break;
case "/":op = new Division();break;
}
return op;
}
}
//Test.java
package experiment_4_3;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner sc =new Scanner(System.in);
double a,b;
String c;
a= sc.nextDouble();
//一定要用空格隔开 要不然sc.next sc.nextDouble无法分辨
//System.out.println(a);
c=sc.next();
//System.out.println(c) ;
b = sc.nextDouble();
//System.out.println(b);
Operation operation = OperationFactory.createOperation(c);
operation.setNumberA(a);
operation.setNumberB(b);
if (c.equals("/") &&b==0){//字符的比较要用到equals
System.out.println("Divide by zero!");
}
else {
System.out.println("Result:" + String.format("%.3f", operation.getResult()));
}
//System.out.println("result:"+String.format("%.3f",operation.getResult()));
//上一行结果是Infinity
//System.out.println(1/0);该行报错
}
}
//输入1+2不可以
//in:1 /2
//out:1.0
// 2
结果显示:
123 / 0
Divide by zero!进程已结束,退出代码0
45.8 + 80.9
Result:126.700进程已结束,退出代码0
100 / 3
Result:33.333进程已结束,退出代码0