二叉树刷题总结

这篇文章介绍了多种二叉树的遍历方法,包括前序遍历、中序遍历、后序遍历的迭代实现,以及层次遍历、树的翻转、判断对称性、求最大深度、最小深度、节点计数、平衡二叉树检测等操作。所有方法都基于C++实现,利用栈和队列进行非递归遍历。
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前序遍历,中序遍历与后序遍历(迭代法)

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> preorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        vector<int> result;
        if (root == NULL) return result;
        st.push(root);
        while (!st.empty()) {
            TreeNode* node = st.top();                       // 中
            st.pop();
            result.push_back(node->val);
            if (node->right) st.push(node->right);           // 右(空节点不入栈)
            if (node->left) st.push(node->left);             // 左(空节点不入栈)
        }
        return result;
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        vector<int> result;
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        TreeNode* cur = root;
        while (cur != NULL || !st.empty()) {
            if (cur != NULL) { // 指针来访问节点,访问到最底层
                st.push(cur); // 将访问的节点放进栈
                cur = cur->left;                // 左
            } else {
                cur = st.top(); // 从栈里弹出的数据,就是要处理的数据(放进result数组里的数据)
                st.pop();
                result.push_back(cur->val);     // 中
                cur = cur->right;               // 右
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> postorderTraversal(TreeNode* root) {
        stack<TreeNode*> st;
        vector<int> result;
        if (root == NULL) return result;
        st.push(root);
        while (!st.empty()) {
            TreeNode* node = st.top();
            st.pop();
            result.push_back(node->val);
            if (node->left) st.push(node->left); // 相对于前序遍历,这更改一下入栈顺序 (空节点不入栈)
            if (node->right) st.push(node->right); // 空节点不入栈
        }
        reverse(result.begin(), result.end()); // 将结果反转之后就是左右中的顺序了
        return result;
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<int>> levelOrder(TreeNode* root) {
        //广度优先搜索
        queue<TreeNode*> que;//辅助队列
        if (root != NULL)//根节点入队列 
        que.push(root);
        vector<vector<int>> result;
        while (!que.empty()) {
            int size = que.size();
            vector<int> vec;
            // 这里一定要使用固定大小size,不要使用que.size(),因为que.size是不断变化的
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                TreeNode* node = que.front();//记录根节点
                que.pop();//出栈
                vec.push_back(node->val);//记录出栈的值
                if (node->left) que.push(node->left);//注意这里必须是node而不能是root,不然死循环
                if (node->right) que.push(node->right);
            }
            result.push_back(vec);
        }
        return result;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* invertTree(TreeNode* root) {
        //递归可以看作先执行后面的
        //需要用到返回的指针
        if(!root)return nullptr;
        TreeNode*treeleft=invertTree(root->left);//记录左
        TreeNode*treeright=invertTree(root->right);//记录右
        root->left=treeright;//交换
        root->right=treeleft;
        return root;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    bool judge(TreeNode*root1,TreeNode*root2){
        //如果两边有一方为空一方不为空
        if((!root1&&root2)||(root1&&!root2)){
            return false;
        }
        else if(root1==nullptr&&root2==nullptr){
            return true;
        }
        //相等的话递归判断后续节点,相当于从后往前传递信息
        if(root1->val==root2->val){
            return judge(root1->left,root2->right)&&judge(root1->right,root2->left);
        }
        return false;

    }
    bool isSymmetric(TreeNode* root) {
        if(!root){
            return true;
        }
        else{
            return judge(root->left,root->right);
        }
    }
};

 

 

class solution {
public:
    int maxdepth(treenode* root) {
        if (root == null) return 0;
        return 1 + max(maxdepth(root->left), maxdepth(root->right));
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    int maxDepth(TreeNode* root) {
        //广度优先队列
        if(!root)return 0;
        int res=0;
        queue<TreeNode*>que;
        que.push(root);
        while(!que.empty()){
            res++;//res在这里++,一层一层加
            int size=que.size();
            for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
            TreeNode*point=que.front();
            que.pop();
            if(point->left)que.push(point->left);
            if(point->right)que.push(point->right);
        }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
        if (root == NULL) return 0;
        if (root->left == NULL && root->right != NULL) {
            return 1 + minDepth(root->right);
        }
        if (root->left != NULL && root->right == NULL) {
            return 1 + minDepth(root->left);
        }
        return 1 + min(minDepth(root->left), minDepth(root->right));
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    int minDepth(TreeNode* root) {
        if(!root)return 0;
        queue<TreeNode*>que;
        //导入根节点
        que.push(root);
        int res=0;
        while(que.size()!=0){
            res++;
            int size=que.size();
            for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
                TreeNode*point=que.front();
                que.pop();
                if(point->left)que.push(point->left);
                if(point->right)que.push(point->right);
                //如果左右节点都不存在了
                if(!point->left&&!point->right)return res;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    int countNodes(TreeNode* root) {
        queue<TreeNode*>que;
        if(!root)return 0;
        que.push(root);
        int res=0;
        while(!que.empty()){
            res++;
            TreeNode*point=que.front();
            que.pop();
            if(point->left)que.push(point->left);
            if(point->right)que.push(point->right);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    int deep(TreeNode*root){
        if(!root)return 0;
        else return max(deep(root->left),deep(root->right))+1;
    }
    bool isBalanced(TreeNode* root) {
        if(root==nullptr)return true;
        if(abs(deep(root->left)-deep(root->right))<=1){
            return isBalanced(root->left)&&isBalanced(root->right);
        }
        return false;
    }
};

class Solution {
public:
    // 返回以该节点为根节点的二叉树的高度,如果不是平衡二叉树了则返回-1
    int getHeight(TreeNode* node) {
        if (node == NULL) {
            return 0;
        }
        int leftHeight = getHeight(node->left);
        if (leftHeight == -1) return -1;
        int rightHeight = getHeight(node->right);
        if (rightHeight == -1) return -1;
        return abs(leftHeight - rightHeight) > 1 ? -1 : 1 + max(leftHeight, rightHeight);
    }
    bool isBalanced(TreeNode* root) {
        return getHeight(root) == -1 ? false : true;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int>res;
    vector<vector<int>>result;
    void search(TreeNode*root){
        //回溯
        if(!root)return;//如果root为空,直接返回
        //不为空的话就导入
        res.push_back(root->val);
        //终止条件为到叶子节点
        if(!root->left&&!root->right){
            result.push_back(res);//传递
            res.pop_back();//回溯,因为这里就return了,不会进行下面的回溯
            return;
        }
        //正常深度优先搜索+回溯
        search(root->left);
        search(root->right);
        res.pop_back();
    }
    vector<string> binaryTreePaths(TreeNode* root) {
        search(root);
        string str;
        vector<string>strres;
        for(int i=0;i<result.size();i++){
            str.clear();
            str=to_string(result[i][0]);
            for(int j=1;j<result[i].size();j++){
                str+="->"+to_string(result[i][j]);
            }
            strres.push_back(str);
        }
    return strres;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    int sumOfLeftLeaves(TreeNode* root) {
        queue<TreeNode*>que;//广度优先遍历
        if(!root)return 0;
        que.push(root);
        int res=0;
        while(que.size()!=0){
            TreeNode*point=que.front();
            que.pop();
            if(point->left){//不能写在一起,不然左节点即使存在也有可能加不进来
            //如果这个节点的左节点是左叶子
            if(point->left->left==nullptr&&point->left->right==nullptr){
                que.push(point->left);
                res+=point->left->val;
            }
            else{
                que.push(point->left);
            }
            }
            if(point->right){
                que.push(point->right);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    int findBottomLeftValue(TreeNode* root) {
        //广度优先搜索
        if(!root)return 0;
        queue<TreeNode*>que;
        que.push(root);
        int result=0;
        while(que.size()!=0){
            int size=que.size();
            for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
                TreeNode*point=que.front();
                que.pop();
                if (i == 0) result = point->val; // 记录每一行第一个元素
                //当结束时就自然是最后一行的第一个元素
                if(point->left){
                    que.push(point->left);
                }
                if(point->right)que.push(point->right);
            }
        }
        return result;

    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    bool hasPathSum(TreeNode* root, int targetSum) {
        if(!root)return false;
        //一个条件返回上来
        if(targetSum-root->val==0&&root->left==nullptr&&root->right==nullptr){
            return true;
        }
        else{
            return hasPathSum(root->left,targetSum-root->val)||hasPathSum(root->right,targetSum-root->val);
        }
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& inorder, vector<int>& postorder) {
        if(inorder.size()==0||postorder.size()==0)return nullptr;
        int i=0;
        int temp=postorder[postorder.size()-1];
        for(i=0;i<postorder.size();i++){
            if(inorder[i]==temp){
                break;
            }
        }
        //分块在构建
        vector<int>inorder1(inorder.begin(),inorder.begin()+i);
        vector<int>inorder2(inorder.begin()+i+1,inorder.end());
        vector<int>postorder1(postorder.begin(),postorder.begin()+i);
        vector<int>postorder2(postorder.begin()+i,postorder.end()-1);
        TreeNode*point=new TreeNode(temp);//新建节点
        point->left=buildTree(inorder1,postorder1);//递归构建左子树
        point->right=buildTree(inorder2,postorder2);//递归构建右子树
        return point;//返回
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* buildTree(vector<int>& preorder, vector<int>& inorder) {
        if(inorder.size()==0||preorder.size()==0)return nullptr;
        int i=0;
        int temp=preorder[0];
        for(i=0;i<inorder.size();i++){
            if(inorder[i]==temp){
                break;
            }
        }
        //分块在构建
        vector<int>preorder1(preorder.begin()+1,preorder.begin()+i+1);
        vector<int>preorder2(preorder.begin()+i+1,preorder.end());
        vector<int>inorder1(inorder.begin(),inorder.begin()+i);
        vector<int>inorder2(inorder.begin()+i+1,inorder.end());
        TreeNode*point=new TreeNode(temp);
        point->left=buildTree(preorder1,inorder1);
        point->right=buildTree(preorder2,inorder2);
        return point;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* constructMaximumBinaryTree(vector<int>& nums) {
        if(nums.empty())return nullptr;
        int i=0;
        int max=nums[0];int j=0;
        for(i=0;i<nums.size();i++){
            if(nums[i]>max){
                max=nums[i];
                j=i;
            }
        }
        vector<int>nums1(nums.begin(),nums.begin()+j);
        vector<int>nums2(nums.begin()+j+1,nums.end());
        TreeNode*point=new TreeNode(max);
        point->left=constructMaximumBinaryTree(nums1);
        point->right=constructMaximumBinaryTree(nums2);
        return point;

    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* mergeTrees(TreeNode* root1, TreeNode* root2) {
        if(root1==nullptr&&root2==nullptr)return nullptr;
        int temp=0;
        if(root1)temp+=root1->val;
        if(root2)temp+=root2->val;
        TreeNode*point=new TreeNode(temp);
        //分情况
        if(root1==nullptr&&root2){
            point->left=mergeTrees(nullptr,root2->left);
        point->right=mergeTrees(nullptr,root2->right);
        }
        else if(root2==nullptr&&root1){
            point->left=mergeTrees(root1->left,nullptr);
        point->right=mergeTrees(root1->right,nullptr);
        }
        else{
        point->left=mergeTrees(root1->left,root2->left);
        point->right=mergeTrees(root1->right,root2->right);
        }
        return point;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* searchBST(TreeNode* root, int val) {
        if(root==nullptr)return nullptr;
        //小了,去右边找
        if(root->val<val){
            return searchBST(root->right,val);
        }
        //大了,去左边找
        else if(root->val>val){
            return searchBST(root->left,val);
        }
        //相等就返回
        else{
            return root;
        }
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int>temp;
    void search(TreeNode*root){
        if(!root)return;
        search(root->left);
        temp.push_back(root->val);
        search(root->right);
    }
    bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) {
        search(root);
        for(int i=0;i<temp.size()-1;i++){
            if(temp[i]>=temp[i+1]){
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

};

 

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int>temp;
    void search(TreeNode*root){
        if(!root)return;
        search(root->left);
        temp.push_back(root->val);
        search(root->right);
    }
    int getMinimumDifference(TreeNode* root) {
        search(root);
        int res=temp[1]-temp[0];
        vector<int>dp(temp.size()-1,temp[1]-temp[0]);
        for(int i=0;i<temp.size()-1;i++){
            dp[i]=temp[i+1]-temp[i];
            res=min(res,dp[i]);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int>temp;
    void search(TreeNode*root){
        if(!root)return;
        search(root->left);
        temp.push_back(root->val);
        search(root->right);
    }
    vector<int> findMode(TreeNode* root) {
        search(root);
        unordered_map<int,int>hash;
        for(int i=0;i<temp.size();i++){
            hash[temp[i]]++;
        }
        vector<int>res;
        int max=0;
        for(auto it=hash.begin();it!=hash.end();it++){
            if(it->second>max){
                max=it->second;
                res.clear();
                res.push_back(it->first);
            }
            else if(it->second==max){
                res.push_back(it->first);
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<TreeNode*>>vec;//用二维容器存储
    vector<TreeNode*>temp;//回溯
    void search(TreeNode*root,TreeNode*point){
        if(!root)return;
        //不为空则导入
        temp.push_back(root);
        if(root==point){
            vec.push_back(temp);
            //这里如果加了return,则不会进行关于root节点的深度优先搜索了
            //因此加return的话,需要在这里pop——back,即回溯
        }
        search(root->left,point);
        search(root->right,point);
        temp.pop_back();
    }
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
        search(root,p);
        search(root,q);
        int size=min(vec[0].size(),vec[1].size());
        int i=0;
        for(i=0;i<size;i++){//第一个不同的,或者走到一个数组没了
            if(vec[0][i]!=vec[1][i]){
                break;
            }
        }
        //返回前一个
        return vec[0][i-1];
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
        if (root->val > p->val && root->val > q->val) {
            return lowestCommonAncestor(root->left, p, q);
        } else if (root->val < p->val && root->val < q->val) {
            return lowestCommonAncestor(root->right, p, q);
        } else return root;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* insertIntoBST(TreeNode* root, int val) {
        //返回指针,用后面递归传来的指针进行操作
        //root为空,代表此时需要新增节点,并返回
        if(!root){
            TreeNode*point=new TreeNode(val);
            return point;
        }
        //大了的话,用左递归传来的节点接到左子树上,如果root->left为空的话
        //则会返回新节点
        if(root->val>val){
            root->left=insertIntoBST(root->left,val);
            return root;
        }
        else if(root->val<val){
            root->right=insertIntoBST(root->right,val);
            return root;
        }
        return root;
    }
};

class Solution {
private:
    TreeNode* parent;
    void traversal(TreeNode* cur, int val) {
        if (cur == NULL) {
            TreeNode* node = new TreeNode(val);
            if (val > parent->val) parent->right = node;
            else parent->left = node;
            return;
        }
        parent = cur;
        if (cur->val > val) traversal(cur->left, val);
        if (cur->val < val) traversal(cur->right, val);
        return;
    }

public:
    TreeNode* insertIntoBST(TreeNode* root, int val) {
        parent = new TreeNode(0);
        if (root == NULL) {
            root = new TreeNode(val);
        }
        traversal(root, val);
        return root;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* deleteNode(TreeNode* root, int key) {
        //依旧返回指针,给上一步用
        if(!root)return nullptr;
        //大了的话,更新左子树
        if(root->val>key)root->left=deleteNode(root->left,key);
        else if(root->val<key)root->right=deleteNode(root->right,key);
        //相等的话,找到了删除节点,对其更正后返回更正了的节点
        else{
            if(root->left==nullptr&&root->right){
                return root->right;
            }
            else if(root->right==nullptr&&root->left){
                return root->left;
            }
            else if(root->right==nullptr&&root->left==nullptr){
                return nullptr;
            }
            else{
                TreeNode*cur=root->right;
                while(cur->left){
                    cur=cur->left;
                }
                cur->left = root->left;
                root = root->right;
                return root;
            }
        }
        return root;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* trimBST(TreeNode* root, int low, int high) {
        if(root==nullptr)return nullptr;
        //该修剪了
        if(root->val>high){
            //返回左边的修剪后的节点,递归的传上来
            TreeNode*point=trimBST(root->left,low,high);
            return point;
        }
        else if(root->val<low){
            TreeNode*point=trimBST(root->right,low,high);
            return point;
        }
        //重接
        root->left=trimBST(root->left,low,high);
        root->right=trimBST(root->right,low,high);
        return root;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
private:
    TreeNode* traversal(vector<int>& nums, int left, int right) {
        if (left > right) return nullptr;
        int mid = left + ((right - left) / 2);
        TreeNode* root = new TreeNode(nums[mid]);
        root->left = traversal(nums, left, mid - 1);
        root->right = traversal(nums, mid + 1, right);
        return root;
    }
public:
    TreeNode* sortedArrayToBST(vector<int>& nums) {
        TreeNode* root = traversal(nums, 0, nums.size() - 1);
        return root;
    }
};

 

class Solution {
private:
    int pre = 0; // 记录前一个节点的数值
    void traversal(TreeNode* cur) { // 右中左遍历
        if (cur == NULL) return;
        traversal(cur->right);
        cur->val += pre;
        pre = cur->val;
        traversal(cur->left);
    }
public:
    TreeNode* convertBST(TreeNode* root) {
        pre = 0;
        traversal(root);
        return root;
    }
};

 

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