重复演示内容
演示内容截图
ls
~$ ls
公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 build snap
who
$ who
user seat0 2024-09-10 15:42 (login screen)
user tty2 2024-09-10 15:42 (tty2)
pwd
$ pwd
/home/user
cd
$ cd build
user@user-VirtualBox:~/build$
man
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
whereis
$ whereis ls
ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls.1.gz
which
$ which ls
/usr/bin/ls
find
$ find snap
snap
snap/cheat
snap/cheat/4279
snap/cheat/current
snap/cheat/common
snap/cheat/common/.config
snap/cheat/common/.config/cheat
snap/cheat/common/.config/cheat/cheatsheets
snap/snapd-desktop-integration
snap/snapd-desktop-integration/178
locate
$ locate main
/etc/bluetooth/main.conf
/home/user/snap/firefox/common/.cache/mozilla/firefox/zuyyaty8.default/settings/main
/home/user/snap/firefox/common/.cache/mozilla/firefox/zuyyaty8.default/settings/main/ms-language-packs
/home/user/snap/firefox/common/.cache/mozilla/firefox/zuyyaty8.default/settings/main/ms-language-packs/browser
/home/user/snap/firefox/common/.cache/mozilla/firefox/zuyyaty8.default/settings/main/ms-language-packs/browser/newtab
/home/user/snap/firefox/common/.cache/mozilla/firefox/zuyyaty8.default/settings/main/ms-language-packs/browser/newtab/asrouter.ftl
/home/user/snap/firefox/common/.mozilla/firefox/zuyyaty8.default/datareporting/archived/2024-08/1725114201676.41dfc516-39c5-4cad-9431-cd0f96136f5c.main.jsonlz4
/home/user/snap/firefox/common/.mozilla/firefox/zuyyaty8.default/datareporting/archived/2024-09/1725683822117.d48316ae-2aab-4700-b180-2536726c8dd6.main.jsonlz4
/home/user/snap/firefox/common/.mozilla/firefox/zuyyaty8.default/datareporting/archived/2024-09/1725684355440.beb25fed-0625-4202-b04b-43e0b66fa504.main.jsonlz4
/home/user/snap/firefox/common/.mozilla/firefox/zuyyaty8.default/datareporting/archived/2024-09/1725684366359.834135aa-c581-4c4c-b0c6-3b4a36fdce37.main.jsonlz4
/snap/cheat/4279/usr/local/share/vim/vim90/syntax/pfmain.vim
/snap/core20/2318/usr/bin/dnsdomainname
/snap/core20/2318/usr/bin/domainname
/snap/core20/2318/usr/bin/nisdomainname
grep
$ grep "is" *.txt
this is my file
验证总结
与ai的对话
点击链接查看和 Kimi 智能助手的对话 https://kimi.moonshot.cn/share/crfrunuc2kung2hhqja0
验证
ls
$ ls -l
总计 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 user user 16 9月 10 16:59 myfile.txt
who
$ who
user seat0 2024-09-10 15:42 (login screen)
user tty2 2024-09-10 15:42 (tty2)
pwd
$ pwd
/home/user/build
cd
$ cd /usr/local/bin
user@user-VirtualBox:/usr/local/bin$
man
LS(1) User Commands LS(1)
NAME
ls - list directory contents
SYNOPSIS
ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...
whereis
$ whereis java
java: /usr/share/java
which
$ which ls
/usr/bin/ls
find
find / -name "*.txt"
/home/user/.cache/tracker3/files/first-index.txt
/home/user/.cache/tracker3/files/last-crawl.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/CMakeLists.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeCache.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/Testing/Temporary/CTestCostData.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/install_manifest.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/message.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_strtest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha384test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_cbc_mactest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/chacha20test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/TargetDirectories.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha512test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_enctest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm2_z256test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/block_ciphertest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gmssl.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/digesttest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_oidtest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm9test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/hextest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ccmtest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/pemtest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha1test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_algtest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sm4_ecbtest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/asn1test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/aestest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gf128test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/gmssl-bin.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_exttest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/sha256test.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/x509_crltest.dir/link.txt
/home/user/下载/GmSSL-master/build/CMakeFiles/tlstest.dir/link.txt
locate
$ locate passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd-
/etc/pam.d/chpasswd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/security/opasswd
/snap/cheat/4279/usr/local/share/vim/vim90/ftplugin/passwd.vim
/snap/cheat/4279/usr/local/share/vim/vim90/syntax/passwd.vim
/snap/core20/2318/etc/passwd
/snap/core20/2318/etc/pam.d/chpasswd
/snap/core20/2318/etc/pam.d/passwd
/snap/core20/2318/etc/security/opasswd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/bin/gpasswd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/bin/passwd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/config_passwd.py
/snap/core20/2318/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/cloudinit/sources/helpers/vmware/imc/__pycache__/config_passwd.cpython-38.pyc
/snap/core20/2318/usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/passwd.conf
/snap/core20/2318/usr/sbin/chgpasswd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/sbin/chpasswd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/sbin/update-passwd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/base-passwd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/base-passwd/group.master
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/base-passwd/passwd.master
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/chpasswd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/gpasswd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/htpasswd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/ldappasswd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/passwd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/smbpasswd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/doc/base-passwd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/doc/passwd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/doc/base-passwd/copyright
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/doc/passwd/changelog.Debian.gz
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/doc/passwd/copyright
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/doc/passwd/examples
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/lintian/overrides/base-passwd
/snap/core20/2318/usr/share/lintian/overrides/passwd
/snap/core20/2318/var/lib/extrausers/passwd
/snap/core22/1564/etc/passwd
grep
$ grep "error" /var/log/syslog
2024-08-31T14:19:47.601475+00:00 user-VirtualBox systemd[1]: apport-autoreport.path - Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (file watch) was skipped because of an unmet condition check (ConditionPathExists=/var/lib/apport/autoreport).
2024-08-31T14:19:47.601491+00:00 user-VirtualBox systemd[1]: apport-autoreport.timer - Process error reports when automatic reporting is enabled (timer based) was skipped because of an unmet condition check (ConditionPathExists=/var/lib/apport/autoreport).
2024-08-31T14:19:47.589322+00:00 user-VirtualBox alsactl[994]: alsa-lib main.c:1554:(snd_use_case_mgr_open) error: failed to import hw:0 use case configuration -2
2024-08-31T14:19:54.285594+00:00 user-VirtualBox org.gnome.Shell.desktop[1856]: MESA: error: ZINK: failed to choose pdev
2024-08-31T14:19:54.359606+00:00 user-VirtualBox org.gnome.Shell.desktop[1856]: MESA: error: ZINK: failed to choose pdev
2024-08-31T14:20:15.123649+00:00 user-VirtualBox snapd[926]: stateengine.go:149: state ensure error: decode new commands catalog: net/http: request canceled (Client.Timeout or context cancellation while reading body)
2024-08-31T14:22:38.627912+00:00 user-VirtualBox gsd-xsettings[3301]: MESA: error: ZINK: failed to choose pdev
2024-08-31T14:22:38.788247+00:00 user-VirtualBox gnome-initial-setup[3013]: MESA: error: ZINK: failed to choose pdev
2024-08-31T14:22:38.875413+00:00 user-VirtualBox gnome-shell[3362
总结
学习 Linux 命令的过程是一个逐步积累和实践的过程
-
实践是关键:理论知识是基础,但只有通过实际操作,才能真正理解和掌握每个命令的用途和效果。
-
循序渐进:从基本命令开始,如
ls
、cd
、pwd
等,逐步过渡到更复杂的命令,如grep
、find
、sort
等。 -
利用手册页:
man
命令是学习命令用法的宝贵资源。不要害怕深入阅读手册页,它通常包含了命令的详细描述和示例。 -
安全性意识:在使用如
sudo
等命令时,要意识到它们的强大功能和潜在风险,谨慎操作。 -
习惯使用命令行:命令行界面虽然不如图形界面直观,但它提供了更灵活的操作方式。习惯使用命令行可以大大提高处理复杂任务的能力。
-
持续学习:Linux 命令和工具不断更新,持续学习新命令和新特性是保持技能更新的重要方式。
-
享受过程:学习 Linux 命令可能会有挑战,但同时也充满乐趣。享受解决问题的过程,每一次成功都会增强你的自信和技能。
自主深入学习
与kimi对话
点击链接查看和 Kimi 智能助手的对话 https://kimi.moonshot.cn/share/crg1aomc2kung2iskh8g
学习并实践
echo
hello,world!
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ name="Kimi"
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ echo "My name is $name."
My name is Kimi.
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ echo "New line \n and tab \t"
New line \n and tab \t
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ echo "First line" && echo "Second line" && echo "Third line"
First line
Second line
Third line
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ if echo "$name" |grep -q "Kimi"; then echo "Name contains Kimi."
> fi
Name contains Kimi.
bc
4
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ bc -1 <<< "scale=5; 1/3"
bc: invalid option -- '1'
usage: bc [options] [file ...]
-h --help print this usage and exit
-i --interactive force interactive mode
-l --mathlib use the predefined math routines
-q --quiet don't print initial banner
-s --standard non-standard bc constructs are errors
-w --warn warn about non-standard bc constructs
-v --version print version information and exit
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ bc -1 <<< "sqrt(16)"
bc: invalid option -- '1'
usage: bc [options] [file ...]
-h --help print this usage and exit
-i --interactive force interactive mode
-l --mathlib use the predefined math routines
-q --quiet don't print initial banner
-s --standard non-standard bc constructs are errors
-w --warn warn about non-standard bc constructs
-v --version print version information and exit
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ bc -l <<< "scale=5; 1/3"
.33333
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ bc -l <<< "sqrt(16)"
4.00000000000000000000
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ bc -l <<< 'define square(x) { return x*x; }; scale=5; square(5)'
25
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ bc -l <<< 'a=1; b=2; c=3; x=(-(b) + sqrt(b*b-4*a*c))/(2*a); x'
Runtime error (func=(main), adr=36): Square root of a negative number
ls
公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 build snap
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ ls -a
. 视频 音乐 .bashrc .gnupg snap
.. 图片 桌面 build .lesshst .ssh
公共 文档 .bash_history .cache .local .sudo_as_admin_successful
模板 下载 .bash_logout .config .profile
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ ls -l
总计 40
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 公共
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 模板
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 视频
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 图片
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 文档
drwxr-xr-x 3 user user 4096 9月 7 12:37 下载
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 音乐
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 桌面
drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 4096 9月 10 16:59 build
drwx------ 5 user user 4096 9月 10 11:20 snap
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ ls -lt
总计 40
drwxrwxr-x 2 user user 4096 9月 10 16:59 build
drwx------ 5 user user 4096 9月 10 11:20 snap
drwxr-xr-x 3 user user 4096 9月 7 12:37 下载
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 公共
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 模板
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 视频
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 图片
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 文档
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 音乐
drwxr-xr-x 2 user user 4096 8月 31 22:20 桌面
user@user-VirtualBox:~$ ls -R
.:
公共 模板 视频 图片 文档 下载 音乐 桌面 build snap
./公共:
./模板:
./视频:
./图片:
./文档:
./下载:
GmSSL-master GmSSL-master.zip
./下载/GmSSL-master:
build CMakeLists.txt INSTALL.md README.md tests
cmake include LICENSE src tools
./下载/GmSSL-master/build:
bin signcert.pem
cacert.pem signkey.pem
cakey.pem signreq.pem
careq.pem sm2.der
cert.pem sm2.pem
CMakeCache.txt sm2pub.pem
CMakeFiles sm2.sig
cmake_install.cmake Testing
CPackConfig.cmake test_unix_style.pem
CPackSourceConfig.cmake test_unix_style_without_last_newline.pem
CTestTestfile.cmake test_windows_style.pem
enccert.pem test_windows_style_without_last_newline.pem
enckey.pem tlcp_client.log
encreq.pem tlcp_server_certs.pem
install_manifest.txt tlcp_server.log
Makefile tls12_client.log
message.txt tls12_server.log
req.pem tls13_client.log