一、实验拓扑
二、实验要求
1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24,其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分;
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,模拟PC,地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内;
3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问;
4.全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量,避免环路;
5.R4与R5间,正常1000M链路通信,故障时自动改为100M;
三、实验配置
步骤一:划分地址,对基于192.168.1.0/24的网段进行合理划分,然后配置IP地址
int g0/0/0
ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[R-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit
[R]int g0/0/1
[3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
步骤二:配置接口ip并用网段ip去ping测试
[R1]int g0/0/0 //进入接口
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.1 30 //配置接口IP(网关IP)
[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.5 30
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.2 30
[R2]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.9 30
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.6 30
[R3]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.13 30
[R4]int g0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.10 30
[R4]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.14 30
[R4]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.17 30
[R4]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.21 30
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.1.18 30
[R5]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.22 30
[R5]int g0/0/2
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.193 27
步骤三:在R1 R2 R3 R4 R5上分别配置环回接口地址
int LoopBack0
[R-LoopBack0]ip add 192.168.1.69 28
步骤四:配置各自的路由地址
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12.30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
步骤五:路由汇总
将R1 R2 R3 R4的环回地址分别汇总,减少每台路由器路由条数数量
步骤六:配置缺省路由
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.16
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.16
步骤七:配置R4到R5的路由优先级,配置成为浮动路由
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
[R5]Ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30
192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61.
[R5]ip route-static 192 168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30
192.168.1.21 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
步骤八:配置空接口 -- 当汇总地址和缺省路由同时存在,容易存在路由黑洞,形成环路,配置空接口可防此类环
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0 //汇总地址IP,路由项匹配原则是按照最长掩码 匹配原则,当这个网段没有路由黑洞时,会进行精确匹配,不会丢入空接口
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 NULL 0