哲学家进餐问题

1. 利用记录型信号量解决哲学家进餐问题的Python代码：

```python
from threading import Thread, Lock, Semaphore

class DiningPhilosophers:

    def __init__(self):
        self.locks = [Lock() for i in range(5)]
        self.eating = Semaphore(4)
        self.hungry = [Semaphore(0) for i in range(5)]

    def wants_to_eat(self, philosopher_id, *actions) -> None:
        self.hungry[philosopher_id].acquire()
        self.eating.acquire()
        self.locks[philosopher_id].acquire()
        self.locks[(philosopher_id + 1) % 5].acquire()

        for action in actions:
            action()
 
        self.locks[(philosopher_id + 1) % 5].release()
        self.locks[philosopher_id].release()
        self.eating.release()
        self.hungry[(philosopher_id + 4) % 5].release()
        self.hungry[(philosopher_id + 1) % 5].release()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    philosopher_actions = [
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick"),
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick"),
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick"),
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick"),
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick")
    ]
    philosophers = [i for i in range(5)]
    dining = DiningPhilosophers()

    philosopher_threads = []
    for i in range(5):
        philosopher_threads.append(
            Thread(target=dining.wants_to_eat, args=(i,) + philosopher_actions[i%5]))
        philosopher_threads[-1].start()

    for thread in philosopher_threads:
        thread.join()
```

2. 利用AND信号量机制解决哲学家进餐问题的Python代码：

```python
from threading import Thread, Lock, Semaphore

class DiningPhilosophers:

    def __init__(self):
        self.locks = [Lock() for i in range(5)]
        self.semaphores = [Semaphore(0) for i in range(5)]

    def wants_to_eat(self, philosopher_id, *actions) -> None:
        left, right = philosopher_id, (philosopher_id + 1) % 5
        first_semaphore = self.semaphores[left] if philosopher_id % 2 == 0 else self.semaphores[right]
        second_semaphore = self.semaphores[right] if philosopher_id % 2 == 0 else self.semaphores[left]

        while True:
            first_semaphore.acquire()
            success = self.locks[left].acquire(blocking=False)
            if success:
                success = self.locks[right].acquire(blocking=False)
            if success:
                break
            else:
                self.semaphores[left].release()
                self.semaphores[right].release()

        for action in actions:
            action()

        self.locks[left].release()
        self.locks[right].release()
        second_semaphore.release()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    philosopher_actions = [
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick"),
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick"),
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick"),
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick"),
        ("picks up chopstick", "puts down chopstick")
    ]
    philosophers = [i for i in range(5)]
    dining = DiningPhilosophers()

    philosopher_threads = []
    for i in range(5):
        philosopher_threads.append(
            Thread(target=dining.wants_to_eat, args=(i,) + philosopher_actions[i%5]))
        philosopher_threads[-1].start()

    for thread in philosopher_threads:
        thread.join()
```