《C++primer》第五章课后习题

练习5.1

答：空语句是只含一个分号（；）的语句，若循环体要执行的所有步骤都在循环头包含，则将循环体设为空语句

练习5.2

答：块是指复合语句，当一条简单语句放不下需要表达的内容时，就需要使用块

练习5.3

while(val<=10)
	sum+=val,++val;

可读性变低

练习5.4

答：a是指针没有指向尾后元素，则循环不断；b有问题，应将if中的！去掉

练习5.5/5.6

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int grades = 85;
	if (grades > 90)
		cout << "A" << endl;
	else if (grades > 60)
		cout << "B" << endl;
	else
		cout << "C" << endl;
	cout << ((grades > 90) ? 'A' : (grades > 60) ? 'B' : 'C') ;
	return 0;
}

练习5.7

答：a应该在第二行加上分号；b应该将二三行放在块中；c中ival为局部变量，应该把它定义在if外；d括号中应该为==

练习5.8

答：if语句比else语句多的时候，C++中规定else语句与离他最近且没有绑定else的if绑定

练习5.9

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iCnt = 0, oCnt = 0, uCnt = 0;
	char ch;
	while (cin >> ch)
	{
		if (ch == 'a')
			++aCnt;
		else if (ch == 'e')
			++eCnt;
		else if (ch == 'i')
			++iCnt;
		else if (ch == 'o')
			++oCnt;
		else if (ch == 'u')
			++uCnt;
	}
	return 0;
}

练习5.10

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iCnt = 0, oCnt = 0, uCnt = 0;
	char ch;
	while (cin >> ch)
	{
		if (ch == 'a'||ch=='A')
			++aCnt;
		else if (ch == 'e'||ch=='E')
			++eCnt;
		else if (ch == 'i'||ch=='I')
			++iCnt;
		else if (ch == 'o'||ch=='O')
			++oCnt;
		else if (ch == 'u'||ch=='U')
			++uCnt;
	}
	return 0;
}

练习5.11

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int aCnt = 0, eCnt = 0, iCnt = 0, oCnt = 0, uCnt = 0, blankCnt = 0;
	char ch;
	while (cin >> ch)
	{
		if (ch == 'a' || ch == 'A')
			++aCnt;
		else if (ch == 'e' || ch == 'E')
			++eCnt;
		else if (ch == 'i' || ch == 'I')
			++iCnt;
		else if (ch == 'o' || ch == 'O')
			++oCnt;
		else if (ch == 'u' || ch == 'U')
			++uCnt;
		else if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n')
			++blankCnt;
	}
	return 0;
}

练习5.12

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int  ffCnt = 0,flCnt = 0,fiCnt = 0;
	string s;
	while (cin >> s)
	{
		for (auto i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); ++i)
			if (*i == 'f' && *i++ == 'f')
				++ffCnt;
		for (auto i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); ++i)
			if (*i == 'f' && *i++ == 'l')
				++flCnt;
		for (auto i = s.begin(); i != s.end(); ++i)
			if (*i == 'f' && *i++ == 'i')
				++fiCnt;
	}
	return 0;
}

练习5.14

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	vector<string> s;
	string s1;
	int count = 1;
	while (cin >> s1)
	{
		s.push_back(s1);
	}
	for (auto i = s.begin();i!=s.end()-1; )
	{
		while (*i==*i++)
			++count;
	}
	if (count == 1)
		cout << "不存在" << endl;
	else
		cout << count << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习5.15

答：a，ix从0到末尾遍历，if语句判断是否遍历到了末尾，应该将ix定义在函数体外；b，for语句头缺失初始化语句，应该将他设为空语句；c，死循环

练习5.16

答：倾向于选择for语句，for循环更加明了

练习5.17

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	vector<int> a = {0,1,1,2,3,5,8};
	vector<int> b = {0,1,1,2};
	int count = 0;
	if(a.size()<b.size())
		for (int i = 0; i != a.size(); ++i)
		{
			if (a[i] != b[i])
				break;
			++count;
		}
	if (count == a.size())
		cout << "a是b的前缀" << endl;
	else
		for (int i = 0; i != b.size(); ++i)
		{
			if (a[i] != b[i])
				break;
			++count;
		}
	if (count == b.size())
		cout << "b是a的前缀" << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习5.18

答：a应该将二三四行放在块内；b定义的变量应该放在do前；c应该将定义的变量放在函数体外

练习5.19

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	string s1, s2;
	do
	{
		cout << "请输入两个字符串" << endl;
		cout << (s1.size() < s2.size() ? s1 : s2) << endl;
	} while (cin >> s1 >> s2);
	return 0;
}

练习5.20

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	string s1, s2;
	int count = 0;
	while (cin >> s1 >> s2)
	{
		if (s1 == s2)
		{
			++count;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (count != 0)
		cout << "没有连续出现两个相同的单词" << endl;
	else
		cout << "单词已经读完" << endl;
	return 0;
}

练习5.21

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	string s1, s2;
	int count = 0;
	while (cin >> s1 >> s2)
	{
		if (!islower(s1[0])&& s1 == s2)
		{
			++count;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (count != 0)
		cout << "没有连续出现两个相同的单词" << endl;
	else
		cout << "单词已经读完" << endl;
	return 0;
}

while(sz<0)
sz = get_size();

练习5.23

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int a, b;
	cin >> a >> b;
	cout << a / b;
	return 0;
}

练习5.24

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int a, b, c;
	cin >> a >> b;
	if (b == 0)
		throw runtime_error("除数不能为0");
	cout << a/b;
	return 0;
}

练习5.25

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
	int a, b;
	while (cin >> a >> b)
	{
		try
		{
			if (b == 0)
				throw runtime_error("除数不能为0");
		}
		catch (runtime_error err)
		{
			cout << err.what() << "输入n可以重新输入数字" << endl;
			char c;
			cin >> c;
			if (c != 'n')
				break;
		}
		cout << a / b;
	}
	
	return 0;
}