交换机部分综合实验

目录

实验要求

实验思路

实验步骤

2.给路由器配置IP

3.需要配置mstp和vrrp --- 只要是交换机都要配置防环mstp

4.配置主备根桥 --- 最好配在网关上

5.做边缘端口设置

6.启用vrrp,配置虚拟网关

7.开启DHCP服务

8.使用ospf实现内网通

9.与外网通

10.nat

11.由于R1未把公网接口进行宣告,所以要下发一条缺省

实验要求

1.内网IP地址使用172.16.0.0/16
2.sw1和sW2之间互为备份;
3.VRRP/mstp/vlan/eth-trunk均使用;
4.所有pc均通过DHcP获取Ip地址;
5.ISP只配置IP地址;
6.所有电脑可以正常访问IsP路由器环回

实验拓扑

实验思路

1.给交换机创建vlan,并将接口划入vlan
2.在SW1和SW2的0/0/1和0/0/2口做链路聚合
3.配置vlan的网关地址、以及给路由器配置IP地址
4.给交换机配置mstp,以及做主根桥的配置
5.给连有PC端的交换机要设置边缘端口 --- 防止主机的频繁开关会影响生成树的重新计算
6.防环以及生成树配置好之后,就可以弄vrrp虚拟网关了
7.开启DHCP服务-- 让PC获取IP
8.配置路由协议让内网通 --- 既可以使用静态路由,也可以使用动态路由
9.内网通之后,要在外网出口那里配一条缺省
10.做nat技术

实验步骤

1.创建vlan
    [SW1]vlan 2
    [SW1-vlan2]vlan 3
    [SW1-vlan3]vlan 10
    [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk
    [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk all    
    [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass     
    [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
    [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/4
    [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type access
    [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port default vlan 10
对sw1上的0/0/1和0/0/2口做链路聚合:
    [SW1]int Eth-Trunk 0
    [SW1-Eth-Trunk0]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/2
    [SW1-Eth-Trunk0]port link-type trunk
    [SW1-Eth-Trunk0]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3 10 20
在sw1上配置vlan 2和3的网关:
    [SW1]int vlanif 2
    [SW1-Vlanif2]ip add 172.16.0.1 26
    [SW1-Vlanif2]int vlanif 3
    [SW1-Vlanif3]ip add 172.16.0.65 26
    [SW1-Vlanif2]int vlanif 3
    [SW1-Vlanif3]ip add 172.16.0.65 26
    [SW1-Vlanif3]int vlanif 10
    [SW1-Vlanif10]ip add 172.16.0.129 26
    
    
SW2:
---创建vlan:
    [SW2]vlan 2
    [SW2-vlan2]vlan 3
    [SW2-vlan3]vlan 20
---批量创建trunk接口:
    [SW2]port-group group-member g0/0/3 to g0/0/4
    [SW2-port-group]port link-type trunk
    [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk
    [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk
    [SW2-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
    [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
    [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
    
    [SW2]int g0/0/5 
    [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port link-type access
    [SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/5]port default vlan 20
---对SW2的0/0/1和0/0/2口做链路聚合:
    [SW2]int Eth-Trunk 0
    [SW2-Eth-Trunk0]trunkport GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 to 0/0/2
    [SW2-Eth-Trunk0]port link-type trunk
    [SW2-port-group-trunk]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3 10 20
---在sw2上对vlan2和vlan3配置网关地址:
    [SW2]int vlanif 2
    [SW2-Vlanif2]ip add 172.16.0.2 26
    [SW2-Vlanif2]int vlanif 3
    [SW2-Vlanif3]ip add 172.16.0.66 26
    [SW2-Vlanif3]int vlanif 20
    [SW2-Vlanif20]ip add 172.16.0.193 26
  
SW3:
---创建vlan
    [SW3]vlan 2
    [SW3-vlan2]vlan 3
---将接口划入vlan:
    [SW3]int g0/0/1
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access 
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 3
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk 
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]int g0/0/4
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
    
SW4:
---创建vlan:
    [SW4]vlan 2 
    [SW4-vlan2]vlan 3
---将接口划入vlan:
    [SW4-vlan3]int g0/0/1
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 2
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 3
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type access
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port default vlan 3
---批量创建:
    [SW4]port-group group-member g0/0/3 to g0/0/4
    [SW4-port-group]port link-type trunk
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port link-type trunk
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port link-type trunk
    [SW4-port-group]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/3]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/4]port trunk allow-pass vlan 2 3
    
R1:
给R1上的接口配置IP:
    ​[R1]int g0/0/0
    [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
    [R1]int g0/0/1
    [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add  172.16.0.130 26
    [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add  172.16.0.194 26

IP地址配置完成后,查看:

2.给路由器配置IP

R1:
[R1]int g0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.0.130 26
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 172.16.0.194 26
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.1 24
​
R2:
[R2]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.0.0.2 24

3.需要配置mstp和vrrp --- 只要是交换机都要配置防环mstp

    [SW1]stp enable
    [SW1]stp mode mstp
    [SW1]stp region-configuration 
    [SW1-mst-region]region-name aa
    [SW1-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 2   --- 映射关系
    [SW1-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 3
    [SW1-mst-region]active region-configuration 
​
    [SW2]stp enable   --- 开启stp服务
    [SW2]stp mode mstp  --- 设置mstp模式
    [SW2]stp region-configuration  --- 进入域里面
    [SW2-mst-region]region-name aa   --- 设置名字
    [SW2-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 2  --- 映射关系
    [SW2-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 3
    [SW2-mst-region]active region-configuration --- 激活
    
    [SW3]stp enable
    [SW3]stp mode mstp
    [SW3]stp region-configuration 
    [SW3-mst-region]region-name aa
    [SW3-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 2
    [SW3-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 3
    [SW3-mst-region]active region-configuration 
​
    [SW4]stp enable
    [SW4]stp mode mstp  
    [SW4]stp region-configuration 
    [SW4-mst-region]region-name aa
    [SW4-mst-region]instance 1 vlan 2
    [SW4-mst-region]instance 2 vlan 3
    [SW4-mst-region]active region-configuration

4.配置主备根桥 --- 最好配在网关上

SW1上是vlan2的主根桥,是vlan3的备根桥:
    [SW1]stp instance 1 root primary  
    [SW1]stp instance 2 root secondary 
SW2上是vlan3的主根桥,是vlan2的备根桥:
    [SW2]stp instance 1 root secondary 
    [SW2]stp instance 2 root primary 

5.做边缘端口设置

SW3:
    [SW3]port-group group-member g 0/0/1 to g0/0/2
    [SW3-port-group]stp edged-port enable 
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]stp edged-port enable 
    [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]stp edged-port enable 
    [SW3]stp bpdu-protection  --- 在全局模式配置边缘端口的保护机制(避免有其他设备的干扰)
SW4:
    [SW4]port-group group-member g0/0/1 to g0/0/2
    [SW4-port-group]stp edged-port enable
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]stp edged-port enable
    [SW4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]stp edged-port enable
    [SW4-port-group]q   
    [SW4]stp bpdu-protection

6.启用vrrp,配置虚拟网关

[SW1]int vlanif 2  --- 是主网关
[SW1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 172.16.0.62  --- 配置IP
[SW1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120  --- 默认优先级为100,但是主根桥的优先级要更高一点,将其设置为120
[SW1-Vlanif2]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/5 reduced 30
---- 要对上面的0/0/5口设置监听命令,如果主根桥挂掉,就将其优先级降低30,此时vlan2的优先级为90,低于100,这样就可以保证在vlanif2网关挂掉,可以走vlanif3的;
​
[SW1-Vlanif2]int vlanif 3   
[SW1-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.0.126
(优先级为100,比主根桥的优先级低,不用更改)
​
[SW2-Vlanif2]int vlanif 3
[SW2-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 172.16.0.126
[SW2-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120
[SW2-Vlanif3]vrrp vrid 2 track interface vlanif 20 reduced 30

7.开启DHCP服务

vlanif 2的地址池:
    [SW1]dhcp enable
    [SW1-ip-pool-aa]network 172.16.0.2 mask 26  
    [SW1-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 172.16.0.62
    [SW1-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 8.8.8.8
    [SW1-ip-pool-aa]q
    [SW1]int vlanif 2
    [SW1-Vlanif2]dhcp select global 
​
    [SW2]dhcp enable 
    [SW2]ip pool aa
    [SW2-ip-pool-aa]network 172.16.0.0 mask 26
    [SW2-ip-pool-aa]gateway-list 172.16.0.62
    [SW2-ip-pool-aa]dns-list 8.8.8.8
    [SW2-ip-pool-aa]q
    [SW2-Vlanif2]dhcp select global --- 进入接口宣告
    注意:主备根桥的dhcp配置都要一样
vlanif 3的地址池:
    [SW1]dhcp enable
    [SW1]ip pool bb
    Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool.
    [SW1-ip-pool-bb]network 172.16.0.64 mask 26
    [SW1-ip-pool-bb]gateway-list 172.16.0.126
    [SW1-ip-pool-bb]dns-list 8.8.8.8
    [SW1-ip-pool-bb]q
    [SW1]int vlanif 3
    [SW1-Vlanif3]dhcp select global 
​
    [SW2]ip pool bb
    Info:It's successful to create an IP address pool.
    [SW2-ip-pool-bb]network 172.16.0.64 mask 26
    [SW2-ip-pool-bb]gateway-list 172.16.0.126
    [SW2-ip-pool-bb]dns-list 8.8.8.8
    [SW2-ip-pool-bb]q
    [SW2]int vlanif 3
    [SW2-Vlanif3]dhcp select global 

让PC端应用DHCP

8.使用ospf实现内网通

[R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.128 0.0.0.63
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.192 0.0.0.63
​
[SW1]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.63 --- 
[SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.128 0.0.0.63
[SW1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.64 0.0.0.63
​
​
[SW2]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[SW2-ospf-1]area 0
[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.192 0.0.0.63
[SW2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]ne 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.63
要宣告网关的网段!!!不然pc访走不到路由器

9.与外网通

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 12.0.0.2

10.nat

[R1]acl 2000
[R1-acl-basic-2000]rule permit source 172.16.0.0 0.0.0.255
[R1-acl-basic-2000]q
[R1]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000

11.由于R1未把公网接口进行宣告,所以要下发一条缺省

[R1]ospf 1
[R1-ospf-1]default-route-advertise

最终实现了所有都能通信实验完成!

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