BGP综合实验

实验拓扑：

实验目的：

1、AS1中存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.1.0/24，该地址不能在任何协议中宣告；

AS3中存在两个环回，一个地址为192.168.2.0/24，该地址不能在任何协议中宣告，最终要求这两个环回可以ping通;

2、整个AS2的IP地址为172.16.0.0/16，请合理划分；并且其内部配置OSPF协议；

3、AS间的骨干链路IP地址随意定制;

4、使用BGP协议让整个网络所有设备的环回可以互相访问；

5、减少路由条目数量，避免环路出现;

实验思路：

1.基于172.16.0.0/16网段进行规划

2.配置接口ip

3.配置OSPF协议使AS 2内部通

4.配置BGP协议（因为BGP水平分割机制，导致R1、R8网段部分路由器学不到---解决方案：设置反射器）

5.配置反射器

6.进行BGP网段宣告

7.通过配置隧道让R1、R8上没有宣告进协议的两个环回能够ping通

实验步骤：

1.网段划分

2.ip配置

R1：
[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.1 32
[r1-LoopBack0]int l1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.1.1 24

R2:
[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.1 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 172.16.1.21 30
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int l0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.2 32

R3：
[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.2 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.5 30
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.3 32
[r3-LoopBack0]int l1
[r3-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.3.3 24

R4：
[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.6 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.9 30
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.4 32
[r4-LoopBack0]int l1
[r4-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.4.4 24

R5：
[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.17 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.22 30
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.5 32
[r5-LoopBack0]int l1
[r5-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.5.5 24

R6:
[r6]int g0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.13 30
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 172.16.1.18 30
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int l0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.6 32
[r6-LoopBack0]int l1
[r6-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.6.6 24

R7:
[r7]int g0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 172.16.1.10 30
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 34.1.1.7 30 
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 172.16.1.14 24
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int l0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.7 32
[r7-LoopBack0]int l1
[r7-LoopBack1]ip add 172.16.7.7 24


R8:
[r8]int g0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.8 24
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int l0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip add 172.16.0.8 32
[r8-LoopBack0]int l1
[r8-LoopBack1]ip add 192.168.2.1 24

R1:

R2:

R3:

R4:

R5:

R6:

R7:

R8:

3.ospf协议配置

可以通过宣告172.16.0.0/16这个大网段减少配置量

R2:
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]a 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R3:
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]a 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R4:
[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]a 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R5:
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]a 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R6:
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]a 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R7:
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]a 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

R8:
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]a 0
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255

配置完查看邻居表和路由表

邻居表：

R2:

R3:

R4:

R5:

R6:

R7:

路由表：

 （172.16.3.3类似的网段可以到接口下修改网络类型解决）

4.配置BGP协议

R1:
[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2

R2:
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]confederation id 2
[r2-bgp]confederation peer-as 64513
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as 1
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 as 64512
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface l0
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 next-hop-local
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.22 as-number 64513
[r2-bgp]peer 172.16.1.22 next-hop-local


R3:
[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]confederation id 2
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 as 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 connect-interface l0
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 as 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 connect-interface l0

R4:
[r4]bgp 64512
[r4-bgp]confederation id 2
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 as-number 64512
[r4-bgp]peer 172.16.0.3 connect-interface l0


R5:
[r5]bgp 64513
[r5-bgp]confederation id 2
[r5-bgp]confederation peer-as 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.21 as 64512
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.21 next-hop-invariable
[r5-bgp]peer 172.16.1.21 next-hop-local


R6:
[r6]bgp 64513
[r6-bgp]confederation id 2
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 as 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 connect-interface l0
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 as 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 connect-interface l0


R7:
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]confederation id 2
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 as 64513
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 connect-interface l0
[r7-bgp]peer 172.16.0.6 next-hop-local
[r7-bgp]peer 34.1.1.8 as 3


R8:
[r8]bgp 3
[r8-bgp]peer 34.1.1.7 as 2

检查BGP邻居表：

R1、R8将宣告建邻的环回网段宣告进BGP协议

[r1-bgp]network 172.16.0.1 32
[r8-bgp]network 172.16.0.8 32

 查看bgp路由表：

 （因为BGP水平分割机制，导致路由学习不全）

5.在R3、R6配置反射器

[r3]bgp 64512
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.2 reflect-client 
[r3-bgp]peer 172.16.0.4 reflect-clien

[r6]bgp 64513
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.5 reflect-client 
[r6-bgp]peer 172.16.0.7 reflect-client

 检查bgp路由表;

6.BGP网段宣告

在R2、R7宣告172.16.0.0/16大网段，同时需要做防环机制----空接口

（或者可以逐个宣告小网段，然后进行汇总减少路由条目）

[r2]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[r2]bgp 64512
[r2-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 16

[r7]ip route-static 172.16.0.0 16 NULL 0
[r7]bgp 64513
[r7-bgp]network 172.16.0.0 16

 查看bgp路由表：

除R1、R8上没宣告的网段，其他网段均能ping通： 

7.配置VPN gre

因为中间的路由器找不到R1、R8上的公网口，用环回地址作为封装源/目的地址

[r1]int t0/0/0
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.1 24
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.1
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.8
[r1-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.2.0 24 10.1.1.8

[r8]int t0/0/0
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]ip add 10.1.1.8 24
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]source 172.16.0.8
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]destination 172.16.0.1
[r8-Tunnel0/0/0]q
[r8]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 10.1.1.1