1、文件查看:查看/opt/passwd文件的第6行(使用head和tail指令)
(1)因为passwd在/etc/下面,所以先将其复制到/opt/passwd:
[root@localhost ~]# cp /etc/passwd /opt/passwd
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt
总用量 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2095 4月 10 08:27 passwd
(2)使用命令查看该文件夹前6行内容:
[root@localhost ~]# head -6 /opt/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
(3)使用管道符将该结果赋给tail命令,即:
[root@localhost ~]# head -6 /opt/passwd |tail -1
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
完成。
2、在/etc及其子目录中,查找host开头的文件(使用find指令)
使用find命令:
[root@localhost ~]# find /etc -name "host*" -print
/etc/host.conf
/etc/hosts
/etc/avahi/hosts
/etc/nvme/hostnqn
/etc/nvme/hostid
/etc/hostname
完成。
3、查找文件 /usr/share/rhel.xml 中包含字符串 re 的所有行。将所有这些行的信息放在文件/root/files 中(使用grep指令和重定向符号>)
(1)使用grep命令找到需要行(因为没有找到该文件,使用/usr/share/osinfo/os/redhat.com/rhel-9.1.xml代替):
[root@localhost ~]# grep re /usr/share/osinfo/os/redhat.com/rhel-9.1.xml
<os id="http://redhat.com/rhel/9.1">
<upgrades id="http://redhat.com/rhel/9.0"/>
<derives-from id="http://redhat.com/rhel/9.0"/>
<release-status>prerelease</release-status>
<!-- RHEL 9.1 entries have to cope both with 9.1 and 9.1.x regexes for
medias' volume-id and trees' version -->
<tree arch="aarch64">
<treeinfo>
</treeinfo>
</tree>
<tree arch="ppc64le">
<treeinfo>
</treeinfo>
</tree>
<tree arch="s390x">
<treeinfo>
</treeinfo>
</tree>
<tree arch="x86_64">
<treeinfo>
</treeinfo>
</tree>
<resources arch="ppc64le">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<resources arch="x86_64">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<resources arch="s390x">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<resources arch="aarch64">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<resources arch="all">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<script id="http://redhat.com/rhel/kickstart/jeos"/>
<script id="http://redhat.com/rhel/kickstart/desktop"/>
(2)将找到的行重定向给/root/files文件:
[root@localhost ~]# grep re /usr/share/osinfo/os/redhat.com/rhel-9.1.xml > /root/files
[root@localhost ~]# cat /root/files
<os id="http://redhat.com/rhel/9.1">
<upgrades id="http://redhat.com/rhel/9.0"/>
<derives-from id="http://redhat.com/rhel/9.0"/>
<release-status>prerelease</release-status>
<!-- RHEL 9.1 entries have to cope both with 9.1 and 9.1.x regexes for
medias' volume-id and trees' version -->
<tree arch="aarch64">
<treeinfo>
</treeinfo>
</tree>
<tree arch="ppc64le">
<treeinfo>
</treeinfo>
</tree>
<tree arch="s390x">
<treeinfo>
</treeinfo>
</tree>
<tree arch="x86_64">
<treeinfo>
</treeinfo>
</tree>
<resources arch="ppc64le">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<resources arch="x86_64">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<resources arch="s390x">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<resources arch="aarch64">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<resources arch="all">
<recommended>
</recommended>
</resources>
<script id="http://redhat.com/rhel/kickstart/jeos"/>
<script id="http://redhat.com/rhel/kickstart/desktop"/>
4、将整个 /etc 目录下的文件全部打包并用 gzip 压缩成/back/etcback.tar.gz(使用tar指令)
(1)创建/back目录:
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /back
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /back
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 4月 9 22:32 /back
(2)使用tar命令进行打包和压缩:
[root@localhost ~]# tar -czf /back/etcback.tar.gz /etc/*
tar: 从成员名中删除开头的“/”
tar: 从硬连接目标中删除开头的“/”
[root@localhost ~]# ll /back
总用量 6192
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 6336553 4月 9 22:35 etcback.tar.gz
(3)验证:
[root@localhost test]# tar -xf /back/etcback.tar.gz
[root@localhost test]# ll /root/test
总用量 12
drwxr-xr-x. 133 root root 8192 4月 9 22:41 etc
完成。
5、设置权限,要求如下:创建g1组,要求创建一个属于redhat用户g1组的文件redhat.txt(使用chown修改所属者和所属组)
(1)首先创建g1组,创建用户redhat:
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd g1
[root@localhost ~]# useradd redhat
[root@localhost ~]# grep redhat /etc/passwd
redhat:x:1001:1002::/home/redhat:/bin/bash
[root@localhost ~]# grep g1 /etc/group
g1:x:1001:
(2)创建文件redhat.txt:
[root@localhost ~]# touch /root/test/redhat.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ll -d /root/test/redhat.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 4月 10 09:19 /root/test/redhat.txt
(3)使用chown修改所属组和所属者:
[root@localhost ~]# chown redhat:g1 /root/test/redhat.txt
[root@localhost ~]# ll /root/test/redhat.txt
-rw-r--r--. 1 redhat g1 0 4月 10 09:19 /root/test/redhat.txt