文章目录
静态路由综合实验
要求：
1、全网用192.168.1.0/24进行IP地址分配
2、R5作为DHCP服务器为PC分配IP地址
3、路由上均具备2个环回地址
4、R4与R5之间正常走1000M，备份走100M
5、全网尽量负载均衡
6、减少路由表数量，并避免环路产生，注意防环
7、做到全网可达
实验报告
一、拓扑信息
添加路由器接口：
如果遇到这种情况，只需要在该路由器上添加一个接口即可，在路由器关闭状态下—>鼠标右击，并点击设置—>将需要的接口拖至路由器上，然后正常连接即可。
拓扑：
最终拓扑：
二、要求及分析
要求：
a、全网用192.168.1.0/24进行IP地址分配
b、R5作为DHCP服务器为PC分配IP地址
c、路由上均具备2个环回地址
d、R4与R5之间正常走1000M，备份走100M
e、全网尽量负载均衡
f、减少路由表数量，并避免环路产生，注意防环
g、做到全网可达
分析：
由于只有一个网段，所以首先要划分子网，IP地址根据题目要求使用192.168.1.0/24进行划分，划分时，考虑怎么划分才能做到不浪费，可以将IP地址分成以下几类：骨干链路IP地址和各个路由器上的环回接口地址；骨干中每个网段需要两个IP地址，因此可以使用30位的掩码。在该实验中需要5（用户网段）+1（骨干网段）个网段，在骨干网段中，直接使用30位网络位的IP地址，将其他剩余地址作为预留地址，以备之后的网络扩容使用。
三、IP规划（划分子网）
1、划分子网
192.168.1.0/24子网划分
由于全局有7个连接设备的骨干链路（将两设备直接相连的链路），以及五台设备共10个环回，所以全局共有17个广播域。
192.168.1.000 00000/27===>192.168.1.0/27-----骨干链路
192.168.1.000 000 00/30====>192.168.1.0/30-----r1~r2
192.168.1.000 001 00/30====>192.168.1.4/30-----r1~r3
192.168.1.000 010 00/30====>192.168.1.8/30-----r2~r4
192.168.1.000 011 00/30====>192.168.1.12/30-----r3~r4
192.168.1.000 100 00/30====>192.168.1.16/30-----r4~r5(上)
192.168.1.000 101 00/30====>192.168.1.20/30-----r4~r5(下)
对下面两个网段进行汇总，用于最右端的网段：
192.168.1.000 110 00/30====>192.168.1.24/30
192.168.1.000 111 00/30====>192.168.1.28/30
==>192.168.1.24/29-----DHCP
环回接口IP地址分配：
192.168.1.001 00000/27==>192.168.1.32/27--------r1环回
192.168.1.001 0 0000/28====>192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.001 1 0000/28====>192.168.1.48/28
192.168.1.010 00000/27==>192.168.1.64/27--------r2环回
192.168.1.010 0 0000/28====>192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.010 1 0000/28====>192.168.1.80/28
192.168.1.011 00000/27==>192.168.1.96/27--------r3环回
192.168.1.011 0 0000/28====>192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.011 1 0000/28====>192.168.1.112/28
192.168.1.100 00000/27==>192.168.1.128/27--------r4环回
192.168.1.100 0 0000/28====>192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.100 1 0000/28====>192.168.1.144/28
192.168.1.101 00000/27==>192.168.1.160/27--------r5环回
192.168.1.101 0 0000/28====>192.168.1.160/28
192.168.1.101 1 0000/28====>192.168.1.176/28
192.168.1.110 00000/27====>192.168.1.196/27----保留地址
192.168.1.111 00000/27====>192.168.1.224/27----保留地址
2、配置IP地址
r1：
改名：
[Huawei]sysname r1
[r1]
进入0/0/0接口并设置IP：
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
Mar 18 2023 15:00:50-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
进入0/0/1接口并设置IP：
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
Mar 18 2023 15:01:13-08:00 r1 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
创建虚拟接口1并设置IP：
[r1]interface LoopBack 1
[r1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
创建虚拟接口2并设置IP：
[r1]interface LoopBack 2
[r1-LoopBack2]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
检查r1IP：
[r1]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.1/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.5/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack1 192.168.1.33/28 up up(s)
LoopBack2 192.168.1.49/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
r2：
改名：
[Huawei]sysname r2
[r2]
进入0/0/0接口并设置IP：
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
Mar 18 2023 15:05:20-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
进入0/0/1接口并设置IP：
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
Mar 18 2023 15:06:02-08:00 r2 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]
创建虚拟接口3并设置IP：
[r2]interface LoopBack 3
[r2-LoopBack3]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[r2-LoopBack3]q
创建虚拟接口4并设置IP：
[r2]interface LoopBack 4
[r2-LoopBack4]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
[r2-LoopBack4]q
检查r2IP：
[r2]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.2/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.9/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack3 192.168.1.65/28 up up(s)
LoopBack4 192.168.1.81/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
r3：
改名：
[Huawei]sysname r3
[r3]
进入0/0/0接口并设置IP：
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
Mar 18 2023 15:08:24-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
进入0/0/1接口并设置IP：
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
Mar 18 2023 15:08:59-08:00 r3 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
创建虚拟接口5并设置IP：
[r3]interface LoopBack 5
[r3-LoopBack5]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[r3-LoopBack5]q
创建虚拟接口6并设置IP：
[r3]interface LoopBack 6
[r3-LoopBack6]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
[r3-LoopBack6]q
检查r3IP：
[r3]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 1
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 5
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 1
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.6/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.13/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 unassigned down down
LoopBack5 192.168.1.97/28 up up(s)
LoopBack6 192.168.1.113/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
r4：
改名：
[Huawei]sysname r4
[r4]
进入0/0/0接口并设置IP：
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
Mar 18 2023 15:09:59-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
进入0/0/1接口并设置IP：
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
Mar 18 2023 15:10:44-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
进入0/0/2接口并设置IP：
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
Mar 18 2023 15:11:17-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
进入4/0/0接口并设置IP：
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
Mar 18 2023 15:11:53-08:00 r4 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[3]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]q
创建虚拟接口7并设置IP：
[r4]interface LoopBack 7
[r4-LoopBack7]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[r4-LoopBack7]q
创建虚拟接口8并设置IP：
[r4]interface LoopBack 8
[r4-LoopBack8]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
[r4-LoopBack8]q
检查r4IP：
[r4]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 7
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.10/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.21/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 192.168.1.17/30 up up
GigabitEthernet4/0/0 192.168.1.14/30 up up
LoopBack7 192.168.1.129/28 up up(s)
LoopBack8 192.168.1.145/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
r5：
改名：
[Huawei]sysname r5
[r5]
进入0/0/0接口并设置IP：
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
Mar 18 2023 15:13:33-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the UP state.
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
进入0/0/1接口并设置IP：
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
Mar 18 2023 15:12:53-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[0]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 has entered the UP state.
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
进入0/0/2接口并设置IP：
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.25 29
Mar 18 2023 15:24:16-08:00 r5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[2]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2 has entered the UP state.
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
创建虚拟接口9并设置IP：
[r5]interface LoopBack 9
[r5-LoopBack9]ip address 192.168.1.161 28
[r5-LoopBack9]q
创建虚拟接口10并设置IP：
[r5]interface LoopBack 10
[r5-LoopBack10]ip address 192.168.1.177 28
[r5-LoopBack10]q
检查r5IP：
[r5]display ip interface brief
*down: administratively down
^down: standby
(l): loopback
(s): spoofing
The number of interface that is UP in Physical is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Physical is 0
The number of interface that is UP in Protocol is 6
The number of interface that is DOWN in Protocol is 0
Interface IP Address/Mask Physical Protocol
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 192.168.1.22/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/1 192.168.1.18/30 up up
GigabitEthernet0/0/2 192.168.1.25/29 up up
LoopBack9 192.168.1.161/28 up up(s)
LoopBack10 192.168.1.177/28 up up(s)
NULL0 unassigned up up(s)
四、配置路由
r1：
r1自身原本有r1r2、r1r3、两个环回共四个直连路由，而全网共17条路由，所以r1需要配13条路由，才能保证r1的网络能通。
r1去r2的环回:
原本需要配置192.168.1.64/28和192.168.1.80/28两条网址，但为了降低负载和减少路由表数量，可将这两条路由汇总成192.168.1.64/27。
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
r1到192.168.1.8/30：
下一跳用192.168.1.2而不用192.168.1.6的原因：虽然两个接口都能到达，但是前者更近，可避免绕路。
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
r1去r3的环回:
将192.168.1.96/28和192.168.1.112/28两条路由汇总成192.168.1.96/27。
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
r1到192.168.1.12/30：
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
到目前为止，r1还有r4的两个环回、192.168.1.16/30、192.168.1.20/30、r5的两个环回以及192.168.1.24/29七个路由不认识，而r1到右边所有路由的路径均可借助r2和r3，则可以在此配置等价路由，但是由于对等价路由的配置会将原本需要配置七条路由增加到十四条路由，且对这一部分的网段不能进行汇总（会造成路由黑洞），所以为减小配置量，可在此借用缺省路由进行配置。
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[r1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
路由配置查看：
[r1]display this
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.8 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.12 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.6
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.2
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.6
#
return
注意：虽然使用缺省路由能够让r1与r2、r3的环回和192.168.1.8、192.168.1.12四个网段相连通，但是由于缺省路由也属于等价路由，可能会造成绕路而浪费网络资源，而且会降低网络配置的完美性，所以不能将这四个网段的配置删除用缺省代替。
r2：
r2自身原本有r1r2、r2r4、两个环回共四个直连路由，而全网共17条路由，所以r1需要配13条路由，才能保证r2的网络能通。
r2去r1的环回:
将192.168.1.32/28和192.168.1.48/28汇总成192.168.1.32/27
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
r2去192.168.1.4/30：
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
r2~r3：因为r2到r3通过r1或r4的路径是一样的，所以在此可以使用等价路由
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
同r1到右侧七条路由一样，r2在此也可配置一条缺省路由到自r4至右侧的路由：
[r2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
由于缺省路由可以让r2到192.168.1.12/30，所以不用再配置r2到192.168.1.12的单独路由。
路由配置查看：
[r2]display this
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.10
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.1
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.10
#
return
r3：
r3自身原本有r1r3、r3r4、两个环回共四个直连路由，而全网共17条路由，所以r1需要配13条路由，才能保证r2的网络能通。
r3~r1的环回：
将192.168.1.32/28和192.168.1.48/28汇总为192.168.1.32/27
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
r3到192.168.1.0/30：
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
r3~r2：因为r3到r2通过r1或r4的路径是一样的，所以在此可以使用等价路由
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
同r1到右侧七条路由一样，r3在此也可配置一条缺省路由到自r4至右侧的路由：
[r3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
[r3]display this
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.14
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.5
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.5
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.14
#
return
r4：
r4去r1的环回：
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
r4到192.168.1.0/30：
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
r4到192.168.1.4/30：
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
r4去r2的环回：
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
r4去r3的环回：
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
r4到r5及其右侧：
因为r4与r5之间存在浮动静态路由，故在配置IP时要将其中一条的优先级进行降级。
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[r4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 90 //将优先级降低至90
路由配置查看：
[r4]display this
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.18
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.22 preference 90
ip route-static 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.9
ip route-static 192.168.1.4 255.255.255.252 192.168.1.13
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9
ip route-static 192.168.1.32 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13
ip route-static 192.168.1.64 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.9
ip route-static 192.168.1.96 255.255.255.224 192.168.1.13
#
return
r5：
由于从r5到r1~r4等左边共有十二个网段，且根据r5到这十二个网段的共性，可以将左边的所有网段汇总成192.168.1.0/24并与r5进行路由配置，但是
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.17
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 24 192.168.1.21 preference 90 //由于r4和r5之间存在浮动静态路由，所以两边的优先级都要改
r5作为DHCP服务器：
开启DHCP功能：
[r5]dhcp enable
Info: The operation may take a few seconds. Please wait for a moment.done.
创建IP地址池塘：
[r5]ip pool 1
Info: It's successful to create an IP address pool.
配置可分配的IP地址网段：
[r5-ip-pool-1]network 192.168.1.24 mask 29
配置网关IP地址：
[r5-ip-pool-1]gateway-list 192.168.1.25
配置DNS服务器：
[r5-ip-pool-1]dns-list 8.8.8.8
开启DHCP接口服务：
[r5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]dhcp select global
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]q
更改PC1和PC2的配置：
查看PC1和PC2分配的IP信息：
五、配置防环路由
r1防环：
[r1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
r2防环：
[r2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
r3防环：
[r3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
r4防环：
[r4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
r5防环：
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.160 27 NULL 0
r5的空接口防环：
将192.168.1.196/27，192.168.1.224/27两个保留地址汇总后作为r5的空接口防环路由：
[r5]ip route-static 192.168.1.192 26 NULL 0
六、查看最终路由配置
r1：
r2：
r3：
r4：
r5：
七、测试（检测全网可达）
r1：
ping r1的环回：
ping r2的环回：
ping r3的环回：
ping r4的环回：
ping r5的环回：
ping PC1：
ping PC2：
r2：
ping r1的环回：
ping r2的环回：
ping r3的环回：
ping r4的环回：
ping r5的环回：
ping PC1：
ping PC2：
r3:
ping r1的环回：
ping r2的环回：
ping r3的环回：
ping r4的环回：
ping r5的环回：
ping PC1：
ping PC2：
r4:
ping r1的环回：
ping r2的环回：
ping r3的环回：
ping r4的环回：
ping r5的环回：
ping PC1：
ping PC2：
r5:
ping r1的环回：
ping r2的环回：
ping r3的环回：
ping r4的环回：
ping r5的环回：
ping PC1：
ping PC2：
PC1：
ping r1的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.33
Ping 192.168.1.33: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=252 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=252 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=252 time=63 ms
--- 192.168.1.33 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 47/59/63 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.49
Ping 192.168.1.49: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=252 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=252 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=252 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=252 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.49 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 47/56/63 ms
ping r2的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.65
Ping 192.168.1.65: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=32 ms
--- 192.168.1.65 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/43/62 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.81
Ping 192.168.1.81: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.81 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/43/63 ms
ping r3的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.97
Ping 192.168.1.97: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=31 ms
--- 192.168.1.97 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/50/63 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.113
Ping 192.168.1.113: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=46 ms
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=16 ms
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.113 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 16/46/63 ms
ping r4的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.129
Ping 192.168.1.129: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.129 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/43/47 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.145
Ping 192.168.1.145: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=31 ms
--- 192.168.1.145 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/37/47 ms
ping r5的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.161
Ping 192.168.1.161: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=255 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=255 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=255 time=62 ms
--- 192.168.1.161 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/43/62 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.177
Ping 192.168.1.177: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=255 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=255 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=255 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.177 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/40/47 ms
ping PC2：
PC>ping 192.168.1.29
Ping 192.168.1.29: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.29: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=128 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.29: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.29: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=128 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.29: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=128 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.29: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=128 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.29 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/37/47 ms
PC2：
ping r1的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.33
Ping 192.168.1.33: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=252 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=252 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.33: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=252 time=63 ms
--- 192.168.1.33 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/63 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.49
Ping 192.168.1.49: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=252 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=252 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=252 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.49: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=252 time=31 ms
--- 192.168.1.49 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/53/63 ms
ping r2的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.65
Ping 192.168.1.65: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=63 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.65: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=31 ms
--- 192.168.1.65 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/43/63 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.81
Ping 192.168.1.81: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=79 ms
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=62 ms
From 192.168.1.81: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=31 ms
--- 192.168.1.81 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/53/79 ms
ping r3的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.97
Ping 192.168.1.97: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=46 ms
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.97: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=46 ms
--- 192.168.1.97 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 32/43/47 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.113
Ping 192.168.1.113: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.113: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.113 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/43/47 ms
ping r4的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.129
Ping 192.168.1.129: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=46 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.129: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.129 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/40/47 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.145
Ping 192.168.1.145: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.145: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=31 ms
--- 192.168.1.145 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/40/47 ms
ping r5的环回：
PC>ping 192.168.1.161
Ping 192.168.1.161: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=255 time=46 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=255 time=32 ms
From 192.168.1.161: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=255 time=46 ms
--- 192.168.1.161 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 32/43/47 ms
PC>ping 192.168.1.177
Ping 192.168.1.177: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=255 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=255 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.177: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=255 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.177 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/43/47 ms
ping PC1：
PC>ping 192.168.1.30
Ping 192.168.1.30: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 192.168.1.30: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.30: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.30: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=128 time=47 ms
From 192.168.1.30: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=128 time=31 ms
From 192.168.1.30: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=128 time=47 ms
--- 192.168.1.30 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 31/43/47 ms
八、抓包信息
r1：
0/0/0口：
0/0/1口：
r2:
0/0/0口：
0/0/1口：
r3:
0/0/0口：
0/0/1口：
r4:
0/0/0口：
0/0/2口：
4/0/0口：
r5:
0/0/1口：
0/0/2口：
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