简单的Xpath定位

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 16:59:14 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-04-30 16:59:14 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_75092189/article/details/130254971

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网页F12直接copy就不说了，讲讲其他的一些方法。

串联查找//示例HTML：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
		<div id="A">
		<div id="B">
			<div>parent to child</div>
		</div>
		  </div>
</body>
</html>

先定位一个元素，再在其基础上定位一个元素。示例代码：

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

Chrome_driver = webdriver.Chrome()
Chrome_driver.maximize_window()



html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_2.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
#以下为串联查找
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.ID,"B").find_element(By.TAG_NAME,"div").text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

通过父元素定位子元素//示例代码：

mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="B"]/div').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

Xpath轴：

具体使用方法示例为：child::div，即轴名称::标签名，，挑下图一些用实例进行分析

1.借用Xpath轴，通过父元素定位子元素child

mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="B"]/child::div').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

2.由子元素定位父元素myhtml5_3.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html  lang="en">
<head>
	<meta charset="utf-8"/>
	<title>Title</title>
	
</head>
<body>
	<div id="A">
	<!--子元素定位父元素-->
	<div>
		<div>child to parent
			<div>
				<div id="C"></div>
			</div>
			
		</div>
		
	</div>
	</div>
</body>
</html>

# 由子元素定位父元素
html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_3.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="C"]/../..').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

Xpath轴：parent

html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_3.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="C"]/parent::div/parent::div').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

3.通过兄弟元素定位

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html  lang="en">
<head>
	<meta charset="utf-8"/>
	<title>Title</title>

</head>
<body>
	<!--下面两个元素用于兄弟元素定位-->
	<div>brother 1</div>
	<div id="D"></div>
	 <div>brother 2</div>
</body>
</html>

Xpath通过父元素定位brother 1

html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_4.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="D"]/../div[1]').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

Xpath

串联查找//示例HTML：myhtml5_2.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
		<meta charset="utf-8">
		<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
		<div id="A">
		<div id="B">
			<div>parent to child</div>
		</div>
		  </div>
</body>
</html>

先定位一个元素，再在其基础上定位一个元素。

from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import os

Chrome_driver = webdriver.Chrome()
Chrome_driver.maximize_window()

html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_2.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
#以下为串联查找
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.ID,"B").find_element(By.TAG_NAME,"div").text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

通过父元素定位子元素//示例HTML：myhtml5_2.html

mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="B"]/div').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

Xpath轴：

具体使用方法示例为：child::div，即轴名称::标签名，，挑下图一些用实例进行分析

1.借用Xpath轴，通过父元素定位子元素 child

mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="B"]/child::div').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

2.由子元素定位父元素myhtml5_3.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html  lang="en">
<head>
	<meta charset="utf-8"/>
	<title>Title</title>
	
</head>
<body>
	<div id="A">
	<!--子元素定位父元素-->
	<div>
		<div>child to parent
			<div>
				<div id="C"></div>
			</div>
			
		</div>
		
	</div>
	</div>
</body>
</html>

Xpath:

# 由子元素定位父元素
html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_3.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="C"]/../..').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

Xpath轴：parent

html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_3.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="C"]/parent::div/parent::div').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

3.通过兄弟元素定位

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html  lang="en">
<head>
	<meta charset="utf-8"/>
	<title>Title</title>

</head>
<body>
	<!--下面两个元素用于兄弟元素定位-->
	<div>brother 1</div>
	<div id="D"></div>
	 <div>brother 2</div>
</body>
</html>

Xpath通过父元素定位brother 1

html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_4.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="D"]/../div[1]').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

Xpath轴定位 preceding-sibling

html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_4.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="D"]/preceding-sibling::div[1]').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

Xpath通过哥哥元素定位弟弟元素

html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_4.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="D"]/../div[3]').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()

Xpath轴 fllowing-sibling

html_file = os.getcwd()+os.sep+"myhtml5_4.html"
Chrome_driver.get(html_file)
mytext = Chrome_driver.find_element(By.XPATH,'//div[@id="D"]/following::div[1]').text
print(mytext)
Chrome_driver.quit()