1. 属性
XML标记内部id语法:
android:id="@+id/button"
+号表示这是一个新的资源名称
引用Android资源Id时不需要加(+),但是需要加android命名空间
android:id="@android:id/button"
引用创建好的id
1.定义视图/微件,并为其分配唯一id
<Button android:id="@+id/my_button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/my_button_text"/>2.捕获它
Button myButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.my_button);2. Toolbar(标题栏)
1.修改标题栏上显示的文字内容(如果需要的话)
在AndroidManifest.xml中添加
<activity
...
android:label="需要改的名字">
</activity>在AndroidManifest.xml会看到一行
android:theme = "@style/AppTheme"
这是在res/values/styles.xml中定义的
Toolbar替换ActionBar就要在styles.xml中指定一个不带ActionBar的主题
1.Theme.AppCompat.NoActionBar表示深色主题
2.Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar表示浅色主题
修改styles.xml文件
<resources>
<!-- Base application theme. -->
<style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
<!-- Customize your theme here. -->
<item name="colorPrimary">@color/colorPrimary</item>
<item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/colorPrimaryDark</item>
<item name="colorAccent">@color/colorAccent</item>
</style>
</resources>colorPrimary代表标题栏的颜色
colorPrimaryDark代表屏幕最上方的那一小块区域
colorAccent代表控件选中的颜色
textColorPrimary代表标题栏字体的颜色
navigationBarColor底部颜色
在activity_main.xml中添加
<FrameLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/toolabr"
android:background="#CDB79E"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"/>
</FrameLayout>build.gradle中添加
implementation 'androidx.drawerlayout:drawerlayout:1.1.1'
.在res目录下创建一个menu文件夹,然后在menu文件下创建一个Toolbar.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<item
android:id="@+id/backup"
android:icon="@drawable/anniu"
android:title="Backup"
app:showAsAction="always"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/delete"
android:icon="@drawable/anniu"
android:title="Delete"
app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/settings"
android:icon="@drawable/anniu"
android:title="Settings"
app:showAsAction="never"/>
</menu>用<item>标签定义action按钮
android:id用于指定按钮的id
android:icon用于指定按钮的图标
android:title用于指定按钮的文字
app:showAsAction来指定按钮的显示位置
1. always表示永远显示在Tolbar中,屏幕不够就不显示
2. ifRoom表示屏幕空间足够的情况下显示在Toolbar中,不够的话显在菜单中
3. action永远显示在菜单中
在Toolbar肿的action是只会显示图标, 菜单中的action只会显示文字
修改MainActivity中代码
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
public class ToolbarActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.toolbar, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_toolbar);
Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolabr);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){
switch (item.getItemId()){
case R.id.backup:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Backup", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.delete:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Delete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.settings:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Settings", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
return true;
}
}3. DrawerLayout(滑动菜单)
修改acticity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".ToolbarActivity"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout">
<FrameLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/toolabr"
android:background="#CDB79E"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"/>
</FrameLayout>
<TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:text="This is menu"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:background="#fff"/>
</androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout>layout_gravity属性是指定菜单的左右,start是根据系统语言进行判断,比如英语\汉语就在左边,阿拉伯语就是在右边
准备一张菜单按钮图片,把他放在res--drawable-xhdpi文件夹里面
修改MainActivity中代码
import androidx.appcompat.app.ActionBar;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar;
import androidx.core.view.GravityCompat;
import androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout;
public class ToolbarActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private DrawerLayout drawerLayout;
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu){
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.toolbar, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_toolbar);
Toolbar toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.toolabr);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
drawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
if (actionBar != null){
actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
actionBar.setHomeAsUpIndicator(R.drawable.anniu);
}
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item){
switch (item.getItemId()){
case android.R.id.home:
drawerLayout.openDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
break;
case R.id.backup:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Backup", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.delete:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Delete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.settings:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Settings", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
}
return true;
}
}openDrawer()方法传入的参数与xml中一致
4. NavigationView(好看一点的滑动菜单)
添加依赖
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.7.0' implementation 'de.hdodenhof:circleimageview:3.0.1'
新建nav_menu.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<group android:checkableBehavior="single">
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_call"
android:icon="@drawable/shaojiu"
android:title="Call"
android:layout_width="100dp"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_luobo"
android:icon="@drawable/luobo"
android:title="Call"
android:layout_width="100dp"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_maodou"
android:icon="@drawable/maodou"
android:title="Call"
android:layout_width="100dp"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_doufu"
android:icon="@drawable/doufu"
android:title="Call"
android:layout_width="100dp"/>
</group>
</menu>新建nav_header文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="180dp"
android:padding="10dp"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary">
<de.hdodenhof.circleimageview.CircleImageView
android:layout_width="70dp"
android:layout_height="70dp"
android:src="@drawable/shaojiu"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/username"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:text="tonygreendev@gmail.com"
android:textColor="#fff"
android:textSize="14sp"/>
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/mail"
android:layout_above="@id/username"
android:text="Tony Green"
android:textColor="#fff"
android:textSize="14sp"/>
</RelativeLayout>修改xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".ToolbarActivity"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout">
<FrameLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/toolabr"
android:background="#CDB79E"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"/>
</FrameLayout>
<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
android:id="@+id/nav_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
app:menu="@menu/nav_menu"
app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"
/>
<!-- <TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:text="This is menu"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:background="#fff"/>-->
</androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout>修改java文件
onCreate()方法里添加
NavigationView navigationView = (NavigationView) findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
navigationView.setCheckedItem(R.id.nav_call);
navigationView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(item -> {
drawerLayout.closeDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
return true;
});
5. FloatingActionButton(悬浮按钮)
添加依赖
implementation 'com.getbase:floatingactionbutton:1.10.1'
修改xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".ToolbarActivity"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout">
<FrameLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/toolabr"
android:background="#CDB79E"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"/>
<com.getbase.floatingactionbutton.FloatingActionButton
android:id="@+id/fab"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="bottom|end"
android:layout_margin="16dp"
app:elevation="8dp"/>
</FrameLayout>
<com.google.android.material.navigation.NavigationView
android:id="@+id/nav_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
app:menu="@menu/nav_menu"
app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"
/>
<!-- <TextView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
android:text="This is menu"
android:textSize="30sp"
android:background="#fff"/>-->
</androidx.drawerlayout.widget.DrawerLayout>修改java文件
onCreate()方法里添加
FloatingActionButton fab = (FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fab); fab.setOnClickListener(this);实现
implements View.OnClickListener@Override public void onClick(View view) { switch (view.getId()){ case R.id.fab: Snackbar.make(view, "Data delete", Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT) .setAction("Undo", new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View view) { Toast.makeText(ToolbarActivity.this, "Data restored", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }).show(); //使用的Snackbar控件 /* Toast.makeText(ToolbarActivity.this, "FAB clicked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();*/ break; } }
6. Sncakbar(交互按钮)
将java中onCreate()方法中的toast换成Sncakbar形式
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()){
case R.id.fab:
Snackbar.make(view, "Data delete", Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT)
.setAction("Undo", new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
Toast.makeText(ToolbarActivity.this, "Data restored", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}).show();
/* Toast.makeText(ToolbarActivity.this, "FAB clicked", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();*/
break;
}
}点击后发现弹框会将悬浮按钮挡住,,,,可以使用以下控件
7. CoordinatorLayout(加强版的FrameLayout)
implementation 'androidx.cardview:cardview:1.0.0'
将xml文件中FrameLayout修改为
androidx.coordinatorlayout.widget.CoordinatorLayout
8.CardView(卡片布局)
implementation 'androidx.cardview:cardview:1.0.0'
还需要用到
implementation 'androidx.drawerlayout:drawerlayout:1.1.1'
在xml中CoordinatorLayout中加入
<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
新建实体类Fruit
public class Fruit {
private String name;
private int imageId;
public Fruit(String name, int imageId){
this.name = name;
this.imageId = imageId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getImageId() {
return imageId;
}
public void setImageId(int imageId) {
this.imageId = imageId;
}
}为RecyclerView定义一个布局,创建一个xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.cardview.widget.CardView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
app:cardCornerRadius="4dp">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="100dp"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_name_view"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:layout_margin="5dp"
android:textSize="16sp"/>
</LinearLayout>
</androidx.cardview.widget.CardView>上面scaleType是为了让图片都能填充整个imageView,可以让图片按原比例填充,并将超出屏幕的部分减掉
为RecyclerView准备一个配置器
import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.cardview.widget.CardView;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import java.util.List;
public class RecyclerAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<RecyclerAdapter.ViewHolder> {
private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
private Context mContext;
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
CardView cardView;
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
public ViewHolder(View view) {
super(view);
cardView = (CardView) view;
fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image_view);
fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name_view);
}
}
public RecyclerAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList) {
mFruitList = fruitList;
}
@Override
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,int viewType) {
if (mContext == null) {
mContext = parent.getContext();
}
View view = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item_cardview, parent, false);
return new ViewHolder(view);
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder,int position) {
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
holder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount () {
return mFruitList.size();
}
}修改java中代码
private Fruit[] fruits = {new Fruit("毛豆", R.drawable.maodou),new Fruit("毛豆", R.drawable.maodou),
new Fruit("毛豆", R.drawable.maodou),new Fruit("毛豆", R.drawable.maodou),
new Fruit("毛豆", R.drawable.maodou),new Fruit("毛豆", R.drawable.maodou),
new Fruit("毛豆", R.drawable.maodou),new Fruit("毛豆", R.drawable.maodou)};
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
private RecyclerAdapter adapter;在onCreate中添加
initFruits();
RecyclerView recyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
GridLayoutManager layoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 2);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
adapter = new RecyclerAdapter(fruitList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);新建一个方法
private void initFruits(){
fruitList.clear();
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++){
Random random = new Random();
int index = random.nextInt(fruits.length);
fruitList.add(fruits[index]);
}
}9.AppBarLayout(实现RecyclerView在Toolbar空间下面)
在xml中CoordinatorLayout下面给toolbar外面套一个AppBarLayout
<com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/toolabr"
android:background="#CDB79E"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
/>
<!-- app:navigationIcon="@drawable/shouqianniu"
android:navigationIcon="@drawable/shouqianniu"-->
</com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout>在RecyclrView中添加app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior" />在toolbar中添加app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways|snap"
<com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<androidx.appcompat.widget.Toolbar
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:id="@+id/toolabr"
android:background="#CDB79E"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways|snap"
/>
<!-- app:navigationIcon="@drawable/shouqianniu"
android:navigationIcon="@drawable/shouqianniu"-->
</com.google.android.material.appbar.AppBarLayout>可实现向上混动时隐藏toolbar向下滚动出现
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