目录
(6)使用R3进行栈道模拟测试(能ping通说明MGRE环境搭建成功)
4、更改tunnel接口的接口类型-P2MP(当接口类型修改为P2MP后,不用进行主客选举)
(6)将area1、area2、area3做成特殊区域,来实现路由条目的减少
12、对ABR及ASBR做过子网汇总的路由器做空接口来进行防环
一、实验拓扑图
二、实验要求
1、R4为ISP,其上只能配置IP地址;R4与其他所有直连设备间均使用公有IP;
2、R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点;
3、整个OSPF环境IP基于172.16.0.0/16划分;
4、所有设备均可访问R4的环回;
5、减少LSA的更新量,加快收敛,保障更新安全;
6、全网可达
三、实验思路及步骤
1、将172.16.0.0/16的网段进行子网划分。
2、判断网络接口类型为P2P网络类型还是MA网络类型。
3、对各个设备进行IP地址的配置,及环回接口的配置。
4、对R3、R5、R6、R7设备进行MGRE环境的配置,R3为中心站点,并在这四个路由器上而配置到ISP的缺省路由,实现对边界路由器的私网互通。
5、对各个路由器进行配置OSPF协议并进行宣告,注意在宣告的时候可以汇总的路由信息可以汇总后一并宣告,让其各个路由器获取其他网段的路由拓扑信息,从而获取路由条目。
6、将域外路由通过重发布实现OSPF内可以互通。
7、对边界路由器配置NAT协议从而实现可以对公网的访问。
四、实验步骤
1、对整个路由器接口IP地址进行配置
(1)R1配置
[r1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.1 29
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.17.1 24
查看R1配置表:
[r1]display ip interface brief
(2)R2配置
[r2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.2 29
[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.18.1 24
查看R2配置表:
[r2]display ip interface brief
(3)R3配置
[r3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.16.3 29
[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.19.1 24
[r3]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.3 24
查看R3配置表:
[r3]display ip interface brief
(4)R4配置
[r4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.4 24
[r4]interface LoopBack 0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 24
[r4]interface Serial 3/0/0
[r4-Serial3/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.4 24
[r4]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r4-Serial4/0/0]ip address 34.0.0.4 24
[r4]interface Serial 4/0/1
[r4-Serial4/0/1]ip address 45.0.0.4 24
查看R4配置表:
[r4]display ip interface brief
(5)R5配置
[r5]interface LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.1.1 24
[r5]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Serial4/0/0]ip address 45.0.0.5 24
查看R5配置表:
[r5]display ip interface brief
(6)R6配置
[r6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.1 30
[r6]interface LoopBack 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.2.1 24
[r6]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]ip address 46.0.0.6 24
查看R6配置表:
[r6]display ip interface brief
(7)R7配置
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 47.0.0.7 24
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.49.1 30
[r7]interface LoopBack 0
[r7-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.3.1 24
查看R7配置表:
[r7]display ip interface brief
(8)R8配置
[r8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.49.2 30
[r8]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r8-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.49.5 30
[r8]interface LoopBack 0
[r8-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.48.1 24
查看R8配置表:
[r8]display ip interface brief
(9)R9配置
[r9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.49.6 30
[r9]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r9-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.66.1 30
[r9]interface LoopBack 0
[r9-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.64.1 24
查看R9配置表:
[r9]display ip interface brief
(10)R10配置
[r10]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r10-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.66.2 30
[r10]interface LoopBack 0
[r10-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.65.1 24
查看R10配置表:
[r10]display ip interface brief
(11)R11配置
[r11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.2 30
[r11]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[r11-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 172.16.33.5 30
[r11]interface LoopBack 0
[r11-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.32.1 24
查看R11配置表:
[r11]display ip interface brief
(12)R12配置
[r12]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r12-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 172.16.33.6 30
[r12]interface LoopBack 0
[r12-LoopBack0]ip address 172.16.128.1 18
[r12]interface LoopBack 1
[r12-LoopBack1]ip address 172.16.192.1 18
查看R12配置表:
[r12]display ip interface brief
2、先对are0区域进行MGRE环境配置
R3-R5/6/7为MGRE环境,R3为中心站点。起MGRE环境前,保证are0区域全网PING通
R3,R5,R6,R7使用默认缺省路由指向R4
(1)R3配置
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 34.0.0.4
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.1 24
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]source 34.0.0.3
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry multicast dynamic (本地成为NHRP服务端,开启伪广播,为RIP做准备)
(2)R4充当ISP不进行IP地址配置
(3)R5配置
[r5]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 45.0.0.4
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.2 24
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register
(4)R6配置
[r6]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 46.0.0.4
[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.3 24
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]source Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register
(5)R7配置
[r7]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 47.0.0.4
[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ip address 172.16.0.4 24
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]tunnel-protocol gre p2mp
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]source GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]nhrp entry 172.16.0.1 34.0.0.3 register
(6)使用R3进行栈道模拟测试(能ping通说明MGRE环境搭建成功)
[r3]ping 172.16.0.2
[r3]ping 172.16.0.3
[r3]ping 172.16.0.4
3、对所有OSPF区域启动OSPF
(1)R3配置
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.1 0.0.0.0
(2)R5配置
[r5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-ospf-1]area 0
[r5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.0.255.255
(3)R6配置
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.3 0.0.0.0
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.2.1 0.0.0.0
(4)R7配置
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 0
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 172.16.0.0 0.15.255.255
4、更改tunnel接口的接口类型-P2MP(当接口类型修改为P2MP后,不用进行主客选举)
(1)R3配置
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
(2)R5配置
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
(3)R6配置
[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
(4)R7配置
[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf network-type p2mp
5、启动OSPF协议
(1)area1--区域一
①RI配置
[r1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
②R2配置
[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
③R3配置
[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 172.16.16.0 0.15.255.255
(2)area2--区域二
①R6配置
[r6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.33.1 0.0.0.0
②R11配置
[r11]ospf 1 router-id 11.11.11.11
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
③R12配置
[r12]ospf 1 router-id 12.12.12.12
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 172.16.33.6 0.0.0.0
④对R12使用RIP启动172.16..0.0 网段
[r12]rip 1
[r12-rip-1]ver 2
[r12-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0
(3)area3-区域三
①R7配置
[r7]ospf 1 router-id 7.7.7.7
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.49.1 0.0.0.0
②R8配置
[r8]ospf 1 router-id 8.8.8.8
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
③R9配置
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]network 172.16.49.6 0.0.0.0
(4)area4-区域四
①R9配置
[r9]ospf 1 router-id 9.9.9.9
[r9-ospf-1]area 4
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 172.16.64.0 0.15.255.255
②R10配置
[r10]ospf 1 router-id 10.10.10.10
[r10-ospf-1]area 4
[r10-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.4]network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255
6、将路由器的所有用户环回改为broadcast类型
R1:
[r1]interface LoopBack 0
[r1-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R2:
[r2]interface LoopBack 0
[r2-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R3:
[r3]interface LoopBack 0
[r3-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R5:
[r5]interface LoopBack 0
[r5-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R6:
[r6]interface LoopBack 0
[r6-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R7:
[r7]interface LoopBack 0
[r7-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R8:
[r8]interface LoopBack 0
[r8-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R9:
[r9]interface LoopBack 0
[r9-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R10:
[r10]interface LoopBack 0
[r10-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R11:
[r11]interface LoopBack 0
[r11-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
R12:
[r12]interface LoopBack 0
[r12-LoopBack0]ospf network-type broadcast
7、R12和R9进行重发布
(1)R12配置
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]import-route rip 1
(2)R9配置
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]import-route ospf 2
[r9-ospf-1]ospf 2
[r9-ospf-2]import-route ospf 1
(3)使用R5进行测试
<r5>ping -a 172.16.1.1 172.16.17.1
<r5>ping -a 172.16.1.1 172.16.18.1
<r5>ping -a 172.16.1.1 172.16.19.1
<r5>ping -a 172.16.1.1 172.16.32.1
<r5>ping 172.16.128.1
<r5>ping 172.16.192.1
8、对整个网路进行优化
(1)are1在R3上进行区域汇总
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 172.16.16.0 255.255.240.0
(2)are2在R6上进行区域汇总
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]abr-summary 172.16.32.0 255.255.240.0
(3)are3在R7上进行区域汇总
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]abr-summary 172.16.48.0 255.255.240.0
(4)are4在R9上进行汇总
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.64.0 255.255.240.0
(5)R12对RIP网段进行区域汇总
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]asbr-summary 172.16.128.0 255.255.128.0
(6)将area1、area2、area3做成特殊区域,来实现路由条目的减少
①将are1(区域一)路由OSPF 1 改为stub
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub
[r3]ospf 1
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary
②将are2(区域二)路由OSPF 1 改为nssa
[r6]ospf 1
[r6-ospf-1]area 2
[r6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa no-summary
[r11]ospf 1
[r11-ospf-1]area 2
[r11-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
[r12]ospf 1
[r12-ospf-1]area 2
[r12-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]nssa
③将are3(区域三)路由OSPF 1 改为nssa
[r7]ospf 1
[r7-ospf-1]area 3
[r7-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa no-summary
[r8]ospf 1
[r8-ospf-1]area 3
[r8-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
[r9]ospf 1
[r9-ospf-1]area 3
[r9-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.3]nssa
9、做端口映射,能够进行访问到公网。进行NAT协议的配置
(1)R3配置
[r3]acl number 2000
[r3-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.16.0 0.0.15.255
[r3]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r3-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
(2)R6配置
[r6]acl number 2000
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule 15 permit source 172.16.128.0 0.0.64.255
[r6-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.32.0 0.0.15.255
[r6]interface Serial 4/0/0
[r6-Serial4/0/0]nat outbound 2000
(3)R7配置
[r7]acl number 2000
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule 5 permit source 172.16.48.0 0.0.15.255
[r7-acl-basic-2000]rule 15 permit source 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255
[r7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[r7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]nat outbound 2000
10、对area1进行区域认证的配置,保证更新安全
[r1]ospf 1
[r1-ospf-1]area 1
[r1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r2]ospf 1
[r2-ospf-1]area 1
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
[r3]ospf 1
[r3-ospf-1]area 1
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]authentication-mode md5 1 cipher 123456
11、加快收敛
[r3]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r3-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r5]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r5-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r6]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r6-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
[r7]interface Tunnel 0/0/0
[r7-Tunnel0/0/0]ospf timer hello 10
12、对ABR及ASBR做过子网汇总的路由器做空接口来进行防环
[r3]ip route-static 172.16.32.0 19 NULL 0
[r6]ip route-static 172.16.64.0 19 NULL 0
[r7]ip route-static 172.16.96.0 19 NULL 0
[r9]ip route-static 172.16.128.0 19 NULL 0
[r12]ip route-static 172.16.160.0 19 NULL 0
五、测试
<r3>ping 4.4.4.4
[r6]ping 4.4.4.4