类和对象-c++运算符重载

1.加号运算符

作用：实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//加号运算符重载
class Person{
public:
	//1.成员函数重载+号
	/*Person operator +(Person &p) {
		Person temp;
		temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
		temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
		return temp;
	}*/
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};
 //2.全局函数重载+号 
Person operator+(Person& p1, Person& p2) {
	Person temp;
	temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
	temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
	return temp;
}


void test01() {
	Person p1;
	p1.m_A = 10;
	p1.m_B = 10;
	Person p2;
	p2.m_A = 10;
	p2.m_B = 10;
//成员函数重载的本质调用
//Person p3=p1.operator(p2);

//全局函数重载的本质调用
//Person p3=operator(p1,p2);

	Person p3 = p1 + p2;
	cout << "p3.m_A=" << p3.m_A << endl;
	cout << "p3.m_B=" << p3.m_B << endl;
}
 

 int main() {
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

2.左移运算符重载

作用：可以输出自义定数据类型

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//左移运算符重载
class Person{
	friend ostream& operator << (ostream& cout, Person& p);
public:
	Person(int a,int b):m_A(a),m_B(b){}
private:
	//不能利用成员函数重载 左移运算符
	/*void operator<<() {

	}*/
	int m_A;
	int m_B;
};
 //利用全局函数重载左移运算符
ostream & operator << (ostream &cout,Person &p) //本质 operator<<(cout,p) 简化cout<<p
{
	cout << "m_A=" << p.m_A << "m_B=" << p.m_B ;
	return cout;
}
void test01() {
	Person p(10,10);
	cout << p <<endl;
}
 
 int main() {
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

3.递增运算符的重载

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

//重载递增运算符

//自义定类型
class Myinteger {
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, Myinteger myint);
public:
	Myinteger() {
		m_Num = 0;
	}
	
	//重载前置++运算符
	Myinteger& operator++()///不能去掉operator前的& 
	{
		m_Num++;
		//再将自身做返回
		return *this;
	}
	
	//重载后置++运算符
	Myinteger operator++(int)//int代表占位参数， 可以用于区分前置和后置
	{
		//先记录当前结果
		Myinteger temp = *this;
		//后递增
		m_Num++;
		//最后将记录结果做返回
		return temp;
	}

private:
	int m_Num;
};

//重载左移运算符
ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, Myinteger myint) {
	cout << myint.m_Num;
	return cout;
}

void test01() {
	Myinteger myint;
	cout<<++(++myint)<<endl;
	cout << myint << endl;
}
void test02() {
	Myinteger myint;
	cout << myint++ << endl;
	cout << myint << endl;
}
 int main() {
	test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

4.赋值运算符

C++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
1.默认构造函数（无参，函数体为空)

2.默认析构函数（无参，函数体为空)

3.默认拷贝构造函数，对属性进行值拷贝

4.赋值运算符operator=，对属性进行值拷贝

如果类中有属性指向堆区，做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

//赋值运算符的重载

class Person {
public:
	Person(int age) {
		m_Age=new int(age);
	}
	~Person() {
		if (m_Age != NULL) {
			delete m_Age;
			m_Age = NULL;
		}
	}
	//重载赋值运算符
	Person &operator=(Person& p) {
		//编译器提供的是浅拷贝
		//m.Age=p.m_Age;
		
		//应该判断是否有属性在堆区，如果有先释放干净，然后再深拷贝
		if (m_Age != NULL) {
			delete m_Age;
			m_Age = NULL;
		}

		//深拷贝
		m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
		//返回对象本身
		return *this;
	}
	int* m_Age;
};
void test01() {
	Person p1(18);
	Person p2(20);
	Person p3(30);
	p3=p2 = p1;//赋值操作
	cout << "p1的年龄=" << *p1.m_Age << endl;
	cout << "p2的年龄=" << *p2.m_Age << endl;
	cout << "p3的年龄=" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
}
int main() {
	test01();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.关系运算符重载

作用：重载关系运算符，可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作。

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

//重载关系运算符

class Person {
public:
	Person(string name,int age):m_Name(name), m_Age(age){}
	//重载==号
	bool operator==(Person& p) 
	{
		if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age) {
			return 1;
		}
		else
			return 0;
	}
	string m_Name;
	int m_Age;
};
void test01() {
	Person p1("TOM", 18);
	Person p2("Jerry", 18);
	if (p1 == p2) {
		cout << "p1和p2是相等的" << endl;
	}
	else
	{
		cout << "p1和p2是不相等的" << endl;
	}
}
int main() {
	test01();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

5.函数调用运算符重载

1.函数调用运算符(）也可以重载
2.由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用，因此称为仿函数
3.仿函数没有固定写法，非常灵活

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

//函数调用运算符重载

//打印输出类

class MyPrint {
public:
	//重载函数调用运算符
	void operator()(string test) {
		cout << test << endl;
	}
};
void MyPrint02(string test){
	cout << test << endl;
}
void test01() {
	MyPrint myprint;

	myprint("hello word");//由于使用起来非常类似于函数调用，因此称为仿函数

	MyPrint02("hello word");
}
//仿函数非常灵活，没有固定的写法
//加法类

class Myadd {
public:
	int operator()(int num1,int num2) {
		return num1 + num2;
	}
};
void test02() {
	Myadd add;
	int ret=add(100,100);
	cout << "ret=" << ret << endl;
	
	//匿名函数对象
	cout << Myadd()(100, 100) << endl;
}
int main() {
	test01();
	test02();
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}