postgre安装完之后，默认情况下会包含pg_xlog（包含WAL文件的子目录）、pg_clog（事务提交日志，包含事务提交状态数据的子目录),并没有pg_log目录，需要手动创建该目录。
$PGDATA/postgresql.conf中关于log的配置参数如下
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# ERROR REPORTING AND LOGGING
#------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# - Where to Log -
#log_destination = 'stderr' # Valid values are combinations of
# stderr, csvlog, syslog, and eventlog,
# depending on platform. csvlog
# requires logging_collector to be on.
# This is used when logging to stderr:
#logging_collector = off # Enable capturing of stderr and csvlog
# into log files. Required to be on for
# csvlogs.
# (change requires restart)
# These are only used if logging_collector is on:
#log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
# can be absolute or relative to PGDATA
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
# can include strftime() escapes
#log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
# begin with 0 to use octal notation
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off # If on, an existing log file with the
# same name as the new log file will be
# truncated rather than appended to.
# But such truncation only occurs on
# time-driven rotation, not on restarts
# or size-driven rotation. Default is
# off, meaning append to existing files
# in all cases.
#log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that time. 0 disables.
#log_rotation_size = 10MB # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
# happen after that much log output.
# 0 disables.
# These are relevant when logging to syslog:
#syslog_facility = 'LOCAL0'
#syslog_ident = 'postgres'
#syslog_sequence_numbers = on
#syslog_split_messages = on
# This is only relevant when logging to eventlog (win32):
# (change requires restart)
#event_source = 'PostgreSQL'
# - When to Log -
#client_min_messages = notice # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# log
# notice
# warning
# error
#log_min_messages = warning # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic
#log_min_error_statement = error # values in order of decreasing detail:
# debug5
# debug4
# debug3
# debug2
# debug1
# info
# notice
# warning
# error
# log
# fatal
# panic (effectively off)
#log_min_duration_statement = -1 # -1 is disabled, 0 logs all statements
# and their durations, > 0 logs only
# statements running at least this number
# of milliseconds
# - What to Log -
#debug_print_parse = off
#debug_print_rewritten = off
#debug_print_plan = off
#debug_pretty_print = on
#log_checkpoints = off
#log_connections = off
#log_disconnections = off
#log_duration = off
#log_error_verbosity = default # terse, default, or verbose messages
#log_hostname = off
#log_line_prefix = '' # special values:
# %a = application name
# %u = user name
# %d = database name
# %r = remote host and port
# %h = remote host
# %p = process ID
# %t = timestamp without milliseconds
# %m = timestamp with milliseconds
# %n = timestamp with milliseconds (as a Unix epoch)
# %i = command tag
# %e = SQL state
# %c = session ID
# %l = session line number
# %s = session start timestamp
# %v = virtual transaction ID
# %x = transaction ID (0 if none)
# %q = stop here in non-session
# processes
# %% = '%'
# e.g. '<%u%%%d> '
#log_lock_waits = off # log lock waits >= deadlock_timeout
#log_statement = 'none' # none, ddl, mod, all
#log_replication_commands = off
#log_temp_files = -1 # log temporary files equal or larger
# than the specified size in kilobytes;
# -1 disables, 0 logs all temp files
log_timezone = 'Etc/GMT0'
# - Process Title -
#cluster_name = '' # added to process titles if nonempty
# (change requires restart)
#update_process_title = on<======默认情况下log相关的参数值
#log_destination = 'stderr'
#logging_collector = off
#log_directory = 'pg_log' # directory where log files are written,
#log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log' # log file name pattern,
#log_file_mode = 0600 # creation mode for log files,
#log_truncate_on_rotation = off
#log_rotation_age = 1d # Automatic rotation of logfiles will
#log_rotation_size = 10MB
#log_min_messages = warning 输出格式默认为标准错误输出，遇到的错误直接显示出来。日志收集默认是关闭的，log的目录默认是$PGDATA/pg_log(该目录刚开始是不存在的)，如果产生日志格式为'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'
<=====创建pg_log日志文件夹(确保权限可读可写)
[postgres@qxy data]$ pwd
/spark/pgsql/data
[postgres@qxy data]$ mkdir pg_log
<======修改之后的参数如下，并重新启动postgres
log_destination = 'csvlog'
logging_collector = on
log_directory = 'pg_log'
log_filename = 'postgresql-%Y-%m-%d_%H%M%S.log'
#log_file_mode = 0600
log_rotation_age = 1d
log_rotation_size = 100MB
log_min_messages = info
[postgres@qxy data]$
[postgres@qxy data]$ pg_ctl stop -D /spark/pgsql/data -m fast <=====关闭postgres
waiting for server to shut down.... done
server stopped
[postgres@qxy data]$ pg_ctl start -D /spark/pgsql/data <=====重启启动postgres
server starting
[postgres@qxy data]$ LOG: redirecting log output to logging collector process
HINT: Future log output will appear in directory "pg_log". <======以后的日志将要出现在pg_log目录
[postgres@qxy data]$
[postgres@qxy data]$
<======终端操作产生错误
postgres=#
postgres=#
postgres=# \d t1
Table "public.t1"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+-----------
name | character varying(31) |
postgres=# insert into t1 select md5(random()::text);
ERROR: value too long for type character varying(31) <======md5产生的长度大于31字节
postgres=#
postgres=# <=====查看产生的错误文件
postgres@qxy pg_log]$
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$ ls -ltr
total 8
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 96 Sep 28 07:51 postgresql-2018-09-28_075114.log
-rw-------. 1 postgres postgres 1039 Sep 28 07:53 postgresql-2018-09-28_075114.csv
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$ more postgresql-2018-09-28_075114.csv
2018-09-28 07:51:14.371 GMT,,,10248,,5baddd72.2808,1,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"ending log output to stderr",,"Future log output will go to log d
estination ""csvlog"".",,,,,,,""
2018-09-28 07:51:14.375 GMT,,,10250,,5baddd72.280a,1,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"database system was shut down at 2018-09-28 07:51:01 GMT",,,,,,,,
,""
2018-09-28 07:51:14.378 GMT,,,10250,,5baddd72.280a,2,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled",,,,,,,,,
""
2018-09-28 07:51:14.380 GMT,,,10248,,5baddd72.2808,2,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"database system is ready to accept connections",,,,,,,,,""
2018-09-28 07:51:14.381 GMT,,,10254,,5baddd72.280e,1,,2018-09-28 07:51:14 GMT,,0,LOG,00000,"autovacuum launcher started",,,,,,,,,""
2018-09-28 07:53:20.343 GMT,"postgres","postgres",10270,"[local]",5badddc1.281e,1,"INSERT",2018-09-28 07:52:33 GMT,2/19,0,ERROR,22001,"value too long for typ
e character varying(31)",,,,,,"insert into t1 select md5(random()::text);",,,"psql.bin"
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$
[postgres@qxy pg_log]$ <=====错误文件插入表中(格式化日志内容)
CREATE TABLE postgres_log
(
log_time timestamp(3) with time zone,
user_name text,
database_name text,
process_id integer,
connection_from text,
session_id text,
session_line_num bigint,
command_tag text,
session_start_time timestamp with time zone,
virtual_transaction_id text,
transaction_id bigint,
error_severity text,
sql_state_code text,
message text,
detail text,
hint text,
internal_query text,
internal_query_pos integer,
context text,
query text,
query_pos integer,
location text,
application_name text,
PRIMARY KEY (session_id, session_line_num)
);
postgres=# CREATE TABLE postgres_log
postgres-# (
postgres(# log_time timestamp(3) with time zone,
postgres(# user_name text,
postgres(# database_name text,
postgres(# process_id integer,
postgres(# connection_from text,
postgres(# session_id text,
postgres(# session_line_num bigint,
postgres(# command_tag text,
postgres(# session_start_time timestamp with time zone,
postgres(# virtual_transaction_id text,
postgres(# transaction_id bigint,
postgres(# error_severity text,
postgres(# sql_state_code text,
postgres(# message text,
postgres(# detail text,
postgres(# hint text,
postgres(# internal_query text,
postgres(# internal_query_pos integer,
postgres(# context text,
postgres(# query text,
postgres(# query_pos integer,
postgres(# location text,
postgres(# application_name text,
postgres(# PRIMARY KEY (session_id, session_line_num)
postgres(# );
CREATE TABLE
postgres=#
postgres=#
postgres=# copy postgres_log from '/spark/pgsql/data/pg_log/postgresql-2018-09-28_075114.csv' with csv;
COPY 6
postgres=# <=====查询产生的错误
postgres=# select log_time,database_name,user_name,application_name,message from postgres_log;
log_time | database_name | user_name | application_name | message
----------------------------+---------------+-----------+------------------+----------------------------------------------------------
2018-09-28 07:51:14.371+00 | | | | ending log output to stderr
2018-09-28 07:51:14.375+00 | | | | database system was shut down at 2018-09-28 07:51:01 GMT
2018-09-28 07:51:14.378+00 | | | | MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
2018-09-28 07:51:14.38+00 | | | | database system is ready to accept connections
2018-09-28 07:51:14.381+00 | | | | autovacuum launcher started
2018-09-28 07:53:20.343+00 | postgres | postgres | psql.bin | value too long for type character varying(31)
(6 rows)
postgres=#
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