信号量在多线程下的使用 Java

​    我们知道线程的通信主要有三种方式：互斥量、信号量和事件（wait/notify）。今天笔者想介绍下信号量Semaphore在多线程中的使用，实现线程通信。详细注释见下面的代码，有错误的地方欢迎提出，笔者能力毕竟有限。

package JUC;​import java.util.concurrent.*;​/** * 使用信号量实现多线程交替输出结果 * 将semaphoreSecond和semaphoreThird有关的内容注释掉就可以看到没有信号量的结果 second third first，增加了信号量的结果是first second third * @author lvgang * @date 2021/4/6 12:58 */public class SemaphoreTest {​    /**     * semaphoreSecond和semaphoreThird的permits大于0的时候线程可以运行，否者线程将会阻塞，默认使用的是非公平锁     * permits参数赋值给内部类Sync的sync对象的state属性     * acquire()将sync对象的state属性加1     * release()将sync对象的state属性减1     * acquire()和release()使用的CAS乐观锁对state修改     * */    private Semaphore semaphoreSecond = new Semaphore(0);    private Semaphore semaphoreThird = new Semaphore(0);​    public void printFirst() throws InterruptedException {        Thread.sleep(1000);        System.out.println("first");        semaphoreSecond.release();    }​    public void printSecond() throws InterruptedException {        semaphoreSecond.acquire();        Thread.sleep(500);        System.out.println("second");        semaphoreThird.release();    }​    public void printThird() throws InterruptedException {        semaphoreThird.acquire();        Thread.sleep(600);        System.out.println("third");    }​    public static void main(String[] args) {        SemaphoreTest semaphoreTest = new SemaphoreTest();        ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, 3, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingDeque<>(), new ThreadFactory() {            @Override            public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {                return new Thread(r);            }        });        threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {            try {                semaphoreTest.printFirst();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        });        threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {            try {                semaphoreTest.printSecond();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        });        threadPoolExecutor.execute(() -> {            try {                semaphoreTest.printThird();            } catch (InterruptedException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        });        threadPoolExecutor.shutdown();    }}​

     执行效果：

    也欢迎到我的github上查看 https://github.com/indispensible/LearnJava/blob/master/src/JUC/SemaphoreTest.java

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