Centos8今年底停止维护，Centos7到2024年维护期限到达之后停止维护。作为还在使用 Centos的运维，还是有些小伤心呢。白嫖党怎么办？有人说，Debian才是王道。Debian是啥，没怎么听说啊。装个虚拟机玩玩，再装个基本的应用比如Mysql试试。安装教程（教程见引用）一步一步走，安装Debian、Mysql基本都很顺利，就是Mysql无法开启远程连接。怎么解决？
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网络通不通？
ping下呢，通的！
telnet呢，不通！要解决的就是这个问题。
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Mysql是否正常运行？
# systemctl status mysql ● mysql.service - MySQL Community Server Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-04-01 10:06:14 CST; 7s ago Process: 72107 ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 72142 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 72144 (mysqld) Tasks: 27 (limit: 2330) Memory: 181.1M CGroup: /system.slice/mysql.service └─72144 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 4月 01 10:06:12 debian systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Community Server... 4月 01 10:06:14 debian systemd[1]: Started MySQL Community Server.正常的啊
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端口在监听吗？
# netstat -ntlp | grep 3306 tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 72144/mysqld在监听啊
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防火墙呢？
# systemctl status firewalld ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2021-04-01 11:35:14 CST; 19s ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 103561 (firewalld) Tasks: 2 (limit: 2330) Memory: 20.4M CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service └─103561 /usr/bin/python3 /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid 4月 01 11:35:14 debian systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... 4月 01 11:35:14 debian systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.开启的，怎么办？两种处理方式：
①关掉防火墙；
# systemctl stop firewalld②加策略；
第一种：开放服务
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=mysql --permanent //开放mysql服务 # firewall-cmd --reload //重载生效 success # firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-services //查看添加效果 dhcpv6-client mysql ssh第二种：开放端口
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=3306/tcp --permanent //开放3306端口 # firewall-cmd --reload //重载生效 success # firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports //查看添加效果 3306/tcp再试下呢，还是不行！
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Mysql允许远程登录不？
# mysql -uroot -p //登录mysql Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.7.33 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'xxxxxxxx' with grant option; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select host,user from user; +-----------+---------------+ | host | user | +-----------+---------------+ | % | root | | localhost | mysql.session | | localhost | mysql.sys | | localhost | root | +-----------+---------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)再试下呢，还是不行！
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Mysql配置不对吗？
# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf并没有百度各种答案里配置的bind-address = 127.0.0.1啊，没有就加上bind-address = 0.0.0.0再试试，还是不行！
**注：**修改配置文件之后记得
# systemctl restart firewalld -
Mysql安装安全加固的问题？
哦哦哦，想起Debian在线安装mysql的时候比Centos多执行了一个命令
# sudo mysql_secure_installation Securing the MySQL server deployment. Enter password for user root: The 'validate_password' plugin is installed on the server. The subsequent steps will run with the existing configuration of the plugin. Using existing password for root. Estimated strength of the password: 50 Change the password for root ? ((Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n ... skipping. By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y Success. Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n ... skipping. By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n ... skipping. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n ... skipping. All done!其中有个问题“Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n”我明明选择的是No啊，怎么还是不行。难道是我搞错了？再试几遍呢，还是不行！法克！
**注：**重新配置之后记得重启
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Mysql配置还是不对吗？
经过上一步，发现Centos7安装和Debian10在线安装的Mysql还是有区别的。配置文件my.cnf位置不一样，Centos7的配置文件在/etc/下，而Debian10的配置文件/etc/mysql/下面。咦……，Debian10还专门给mysql建了配置文件目录啊，看看里面有啥
root@debian:/etc/mysql# ls -l 总用量 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 3月 31 15:32 conf.d lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 24 3月 31 15:32 my.cnf -> /etc/alternatives/my.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 839 8月 3 2016 my.cnf.fallback -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1215 4月 1 10:00 mysql.cnf drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 4月 1 10:05 mysql.conf.d这里面有两个目录conf.d、mysql.conf.d，两个cnf文件，一个.cnf.fallback文件。把所有文件全部打开看看
root@debian:/etc/mysql# cat ./conf.d/mysql.cnf [mysql] root@debian:/etc/mysql# cat ./conf.d/mysqldump.cnf [mysqldump] quick quote-names max_allowed_packet = 16M root@debian:/etc/mysql# cat my.cnf # Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0, # as published by the Free Software Foundation. # # This program is also distributed with certain software (including # but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms, # as designated in a particular file or component or in included license # documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional # permission to link the program and your derivative works with the # separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ !includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/ root@debian:/etc/mysql# cat my.cnf.fallback # # The MySQL database server configuration file. # # You can copy this to one of: # - "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" to set global options, # - "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options. # # One can use all long options that the program supports. # Run program with --help to get a list of available options and with # --print-defaults to see which it would actually understand and use. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html # This will be passed to all mysql clients # It has been reported that passwords should be enclosed with ticks/quotes # escpecially if they contain "#" chars... # Remember to edit /etc/mysql/debian.cnf when changing the socket location. # Here is entries for some specific programs # The following values assume you have at least 32M ram !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ root@debian:/etc/mysql# cat mysql.cnf # Copyright (c) 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0, # as published by the Free Software Foundation. # # This program is also distributed with certain software (including # but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms, # as designated in a particular file or component or in included license # documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional # permission to link the program and your derivative works with the # separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ !includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/ root@debian:/etc/mysql# cat mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf # Copyright (c) 2014, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 2.0, # as published by the Free Software Foundation. # # This program is also distributed with certain software (including # but not limited to OpenSSL) that is licensed under separate terms, # as designated in a particular file or component or in included license # documentation. The authors of MySQL hereby grant you an additional # permission to link the program and your derivative works with the # separately licensed software that they have included with MySQL. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License, version 2.0, for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # The MySQL Server configuration file. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html [mysqld] pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql log-error = /var/log/mysql/error.log # By default we only accept connections from localhost bind-address = 127.0.0.1 # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 root@debian:/etc/mysql#./my.cnf == ./mysql.cnf，内容完全一样。里面配置了两个目录conf.d、mysql.conf.d，里面包含./conf.d/mysql.cnf、./conf.d/mysqldump.cnf、./mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf，这三个文件的内容才是Debian10下mysql的全部配置内容。在./mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf中配置了bind-address = 127.0.0.1，而且这是默认配置。修改为bind-address = 0.0.0.0 或者直接注释掉该行。再试下呢，终于成功了！！！
**注：**修改配置文件之后永远要记得重启服务
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