jfreechart 自动生成分析图片设计与实现

       一般系统的分析模块都比较多的运用图示的展示，这样让用户一目了然。jfeechart是用java写的开源的作图的工具。很多的模块都用到了作图，所以说一个通用的图示自动生成的工具就很方便。基于java的b/s架构的软件中写一个自定义标签来自动根据传入的数据生成图示则尤为方便。

 

      本文则给大家一个这样的实例或设计思路，希望各位提出更好的意见。

 

      思路：当一个request请求一个分析的action的时候，action会把分析的结果setAttribute到页面，此时封装作图所用的数据。在jsp页面中在图片的位置写上自定义的标签，自定义标签的处理类会解析标签并保存标签的信息到session中。并输出以下代码：out.print("<div align='" + this.align + "'> <img src=" + ((javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) (pageContext.getRequest())).getContextPath() + " mce_src=" + ((javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) (pageContext.getRequest())).getContextPath() + "/chart?ID=" + chartBean.getID() + "></div>");

即该页面会请求一个路径为chart的servlet，而该servlet则运用工厂模式调用GraphFactory的静态chartFactory方法得到具体哪种图片的生成类，返回的类型是一个抽象类，实际是某一种图示的实现类，再调用该类的gender()方法得到一个JFreeChart对象，通过工具类ChartUtilities转换成图片即可。

 

下面是具体的代码：

沿着刚才的思路，首先必须有一个标签的tld文件，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE taglib PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD JSP Tag Library 1.1//EN" "http://java.sun.com/j2ee/dtds/web-jsptaglibrary_1_1.dtd"> <taglib> <tlibversion>1.2</tlibversion> <jspversion>1.1</jspversion> <shortname>chart</shortname> <uri>http://www.masj.com/crm/tag-chart</uri> <tag> <name>chartConfig</name> <tagclass>com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart.tag.ChartConfig</tagclass> <bodycontent>empty</bodycontent> <dynamic-attributes>true</dynamic-attributes> <attribute> <name>tableID</name> <required>true</required> <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue> </attribute> <attribute> <name>rowKey</name> <required>false</required> <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue> </attribute> <attribute> <name>columnKey</name> <required>false</required> <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue> </attribute> <attribute> <name>multipleRowKey</name> <required>false</required> <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue> </attribute> <attribute> <name>multipleColumnKey</name> <required>false</required> <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue> </attribute> <attribute> <name>dataKey</name> <required>true</required> <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue> </attribute> <attribute> <name>model</name> <required>false</required> <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue> </attribute> <attribute> <name>align</name> <required>false</required> <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue> </attribute> </tag> </taglib>

其中tableID是必填的，他也是action中保存保存到session中的数据的name。

对应的tag的解析类如下：

package com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart.tag; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.TreeMap; import javax.servlet.jsp.JspException; import javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter; import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.DynamicAttributes; import javax.servlet.jsp.tagext.TagSupport; import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart.ChartBean; /** * @author masj * @since 2009-8-19 * @version 1.0 */ public class ChartConfig extends TagSupport implements DynamicAttributes { private static final long serialVersionUID = -8728444765308742636L; private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); private TreeMap<String, Object> treeMap = new TreeMap<String, Object>(); /** * 数据在request中的标识 */ private String tableID = null; /** * 二维数组中的行列值.对应图片中图列的名称 可以为空 */ private String rowKey = null; /** * 二维数组中的行列值.对应图片中每个Item的名称 可以为空 */ private String columnKey = null; /** * 二维数组中的 右侧坐标 行列值 可以为空 */ private String multipleRowKey = null; /** * 二维数组中的 右侧坐标 行列值 可以为空 */ private String multipleColumnKey = null; /** * 二维数组中的行列值.对应着图片中显示的数据的值 不能为空 */ private String dataKey = null; /** * 取数模式,默认为行模式 */ private String model = "row"; /** * 图片的位置,默认居中 */ private String align = "center"; public void setTableID(String tableID) { this.tableID = tableID; } public String getTableID() { return this.tableID; } public void setRowKey(String rowKey) { this.rowKey = rowKey; } public String getRowKey() { return this.rowKey; } public void setColumnKey(String columnKey) { this.columnKey = columnKey; } public String getColumnKey() { return this.columnKey; } public void setDataKey(String dataKey) { this.dataKey = dataKey; } public String getDataKey() { return this.dataKey; } public void setModel(String model) { this.model = model; } public String getModel() { return this.model; } public void setAlign(String align) { this.align = align; } public String getAlign() { return this.align; } public String getMultipleRowKey() { return multipleRowKey; } public void setMultipleRowKey(String multipleRowKey) { this.multipleRowKey = multipleRowKey; } public String getMultipleColumnKey() { return multipleColumnKey; } public void setMultipleColumnKey(String multipleColumnKey) { this.multipleColumnKey = multipleColumnKey; } public int doStartTag() throws JspException { ChartBean chartBean = new ChartBean(); Object tableData = pageContext.findAttribute(this.tableID); JspWriter out = pageContext.getOut(); Object dataArray[][] = (Object[][]) tableData; try { BeanUtils.populate(chartBean, treeMap); treeMap.clear(); if (dataArray != null) { chartBean.setRowKeys(parseKey(dataArray, this.rowKey)); chartBean.setColumnKeys(parseKey(dataArray, this.columnKey)); chartBean.setMultipleColumnKeys(parseKey(dataArray, this.multipleColumnKey)); chartBean.setMultipleRowKeys(parseKey(dataArray, this.multipleRowKey)); chartBean.setData(getDataValue(dataArray, this.dataKey)); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("", e); } pageContext.getSession().setAttribute(chartBean.getID(), chartBean); try { out.print("<div align='" + this.align + "'> <img src=" + ((javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) (pageContext.getRequest())).getContextPath() + " mce_src=" + ((javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest) (pageContext.getRequest())).getContextPath() + "/chart?ID=" + chartBean.getID() + "></div>"); } catch (IOException e) { logger.error("", e); } return SKIP_BODY; } /** * 实现DynamicAttributes接口的setDynamicAttribute()方法; */ public void setDynamicAttribute(String arg0, String name, Object value) throws JspException { treeMap.put(name, value); } /** * 根据key的值,从dataArray中取得对应的rowKeys,columnKeys值; * * @param dataArray * 一个不为空的二维数组; * @param key * 一个字符串 值为x1,y1,x2,y2,对应二维数组的行列坐标 注:由于只取二维数组中的一行或一列数据,因此 * x1,y1,x2,y2 必须是x1=x2 或 y1=y2; 如(1,2,3,4)为第一行第2列到第三行第四列 * @throws Exception */ private String[] parseKey(Object[][] dataArray, String key) throws Exception { if (dataArray == null || key == null) { return null; } String[] keyValue = null; String[] keys = key.split(","); if (keys.length != 4) { throw new Exception("ChartConfig keys 的填写格式是: key = x1,y1,x2,y2;x对应二维数组的行坐标,y对应列坐标!"); } int x1 = Integer.parseInt(keys[0]); int y1 = Integer.parseInt(keys[1]); int x2 = Integer.parseInt(keys[2]); int y2 = Integer.parseInt(keys[3]); /* 如果行列坐标为负值,则取二维数组对应的行,列长度的值减去1 */ x1 = x1 < 0 ? dataArray.length - 1 : x1; x2 = x2 < 0 ? dataArray.length - 1 : x2; y1 = y1 < 0 ? dataArray[0].length - 1 : y1; y2 = y2 < 0 ? dataArray[0].length - 1 : y2; if (x1 != x2 && y1 != y2) { throw new Exception( "ChartConfig columnKey,rowKey的坐标只能对应二维数组中的一条数据所以行列坐标必须有一对是相同的;请查看标签columnKey和rowKey的值"); } /* 如果列坐标相同则取dataArray中x1到x2行的第y1列的值,否则取y1至y2的第x1行的值 */ if (y1 == y2) { if (x2 > dataArray.length - 1 || x1 > dataArray.length - 1) { throw new Exception("行坐标大于要取二维数组的行数,请查看columnKey,rowKey的x1和x2的值;"); } keyValue = new String[x2 - x1 + 1]; for (int i = x1; i <= x2; i++) { keyValue[i - x1] = dataArray[i][y1] != null ? dataArray[i][y1].toString() : null; } } else { if (y2 > dataArray[0].length - 1 || y1 > dataArray[0].length - 1) { throw new Exception("列坐标大于要取二维数组的列数,请查看columnKey,rowKey的y1和y2的值;"); } keyValue = new String[y2 - y1 + 1]; for (int i = y1; i <= y2; i++) { keyValue[i - y1] = dataArray[x1][i] != null ? dataArray[x1][i].toString() : null; } } /* 将取得的值作为一个String 的数组返回! */ return keyValue; } /** * 根据key的值,从dataArray中取得对应的数据; * * @param dataArray * 一个不为空的二维数组; * @param key * 一个字符串 值为x1,y1,x2,y2,对应二维数组的行列坐标 如(1,2,3,4)为第一行第2列到第三行第四列 * @throws Exception * if accrue an error */ private String[][] getDataValue(Object[][] dataArray, String key) throws Exception { if (dataArray == null || key == null) { // return null; } String[][] keyValue = null; String[] keys = key.split(","); if (keys.length != 4) { throw new Exception("ChartConfig keys 的填写格式是: key = x1,y1,x2,y2,x对应二维数组的行坐标,y对应列坐标!"); } int x1 = Integer.parseInt(keys[0]); int y1 = Integer.parseInt(keys[1]); int x2 = Integer.parseInt(keys[2]); int y2 = Integer.parseInt(keys[3]); /* 如果行列坐标为负值,则取二维数组对应的行,列长度的值减去1 */ x1 = x1 < 0 ? dataArray.length - 1 : x1; x2 = x2 < 0 ? dataArray.length - 1 : x2; y1 = y1 < 0 ? dataArray[0].length - 1 : y1; y2 = y2 < 0 ? dataArray[0].length - 1 : y2; if (x2 > dataArray.length - 1 || x1 > dataArray.length - 1) { throw new Exception("行坐标大于要取二维数组的行数,请查看dataKey的x1和x2的值;"); } if (y2 > dataArray[0].length - 1 || y1 > dataArray[0].length - 1) { throw new Exception("列坐标大于要取二维数组的列数,请查看dataKey的y1和y2值;"); } if ("row".equalsIgnoreCase(this.model)) {// 行模式 keyValue = new String[x2 - x1 + 1][y2 - y1 + 1]; for (int i = x1; i <= x2; i++) { for (int j = y1; j <= y2; j++) { if (dataArray[i][j] != null) { keyValue[i - x1][j - y1] = dataArray[i][j].toString(); } else { keyValue[i - x1][j - y1] = null; } } } } else { keyValue = new String[y2 - y1 + 1][x2 - x1 + 1]; for (int i = x1; i <= x2; i++) { for (int j = y1; j <= y2; j++) { if (dataArray[i][j] != null) { keyValue[j - y1][i - x1] = dataArray[i][j].toString(); } else { keyValue[j - y1][i - x1] = null; } } } } return keyValue; } }

该类把session中存放的数据即一些配置信息封装成了一个chartBean对象放在session中，并在页面上写上一个servlet请求。

下面分别是chartBean类和servlet：

package com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart; /** * @author masj * @since 2009-8-19 * @version 1.0 */ public class ChartBean { /** * 每个ChartBean的唯一标识 */ private String ID = ""; /** * 图形类型,默认为曲线 */ private String chartType = "series"; /** * 图片的长度 */ private String width = "800"; /** * 图片的高度 */ private String height = "640"; /** * 标题 */ private String title = ""; /** * 子标题 */ private String subTitle = ""; /** * 图形数据 */ private String[][] data = null; /** * 横轴 name */ private String domain = ""; /** * 横轴 name 的角度 */ private String domainLabelAngle = null; /** * 竖轴 name */ private String range = ""; /** * 行值 在曲线图中对应曲线名 */ private String[] rowKeys = null; /** * 列值 在曲线中就是每个点的名称 */ private String[] columnKeys = null; /** * 右侧坐标轴的行值 */ private String[] multipleRowKeys = null; /** * 右侧坐标轴的列值 */ private String[] multipleColumnKeys = null; /** * 图片的背景颜色 */ private Object backColor = null; /** * 图形区的背景颜色 */ private String plotBackColor = null; /** * 游标的间隔 */ private String domainCursorGap = null; /** * 在点数不确定的时候,当点数的数量大于该变量的数量的时候,使游标的标记垂直 */ private String verticalDTLN = null; /** * 曲线专用属性 * 是否显示曲线中各点的图形 默认为显示 */ private String shapesVisible = "true"; /** * 曲线,柱状图共用属性 * 设置曲线,柱体的颜色 */ private String itemColor = null; /** * 剖析出饼图的哪一块 默认不剖析,0为第一块,依次类推; */ private String explode = "-1"; /** * 缺省构造函数 */ public ChartBean() { super(); } public String toString() { return "ChartBean param : ID 为:" + ID + ", 标题为: " + title + ", 子标题为: " + subTitle + ", 图片类型: " + chartType + ", 宽: " + width + ", 高: " + height; } public String getID() { return ID; } public void setID(String id) { ID = id; } public String getChartType() { return chartType; } public void setChartType(String chartType) { this.chartType = chartType; } public String getWidth() { return width; } public void setWidth(String width) { this.width = width; } public String getHeight() { return height; } public void setHeight(String height) { this.height = height; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; } public String getSubTitle() { return subTitle; } public void setSubTitle(String subTitle) { this.subTitle = subTitle; } public String[][] getData() { return data; } public void setData(String[][] data) { this.data = data; } public String getDomain() { return domain; } public void setDomain(String domain) { this.domain = domain; } public String getDomainLabelAngle() { return domainLabelAngle; } public void setDomainLabelAngle(String domainLabelAngle) { this.domainLabelAngle = domainLabelAngle; } public String getRange() { return range; } public void setRange(String range) { this.range = range; } public String[] getRowKeys() { return rowKeys; } public void setRowKeys(String[] rowKeys) { this.rowKeys = rowKeys; } public String[] getColumnKeys() { return columnKeys; } public void setColumnKeys(String[] columnKeys) { this.columnKeys = columnKeys; } public String[] getMultipleRowKeys() { return multipleRowKeys; } public void setMultipleRowKeys(String[] multipleRowKeys) { this.multipleRowKeys = multipleRowKeys; } public String[] getMultipleColumnKeys() { return multipleColumnKeys; } public void setMultipleColumnKeys(String[] multipleColumnKeys) { this.multipleColumnKeys = multipleColumnKeys; } public Object getBackColor() { return backColor; } public void setBackColor(Object backColor) { this.backColor = backColor; } public String getPlotBackColor() { return plotBackColor; } public void setPlotBackColor(String plotBackColor) { this.plotBackColor = plotBackColor; } public String getDomainCursorGap() { return domainCursorGap; } public void setDomainCursorGap(String domainCursorGap) { this.domainCursorGap = domainCursorGap; } public String getVerticalDTLN() { return verticalDTLN; } public void setVerticalDTLN(String verticalDTLN) { this.verticalDTLN = verticalDTLN; } public String getShapesVisible() { return shapesVisible; } public void setShapesVisible(String shapesVisible) { this.shapesVisible = shapesVisible; } public String getItemColor() { return itemColor; } public void setItemColor(String itemColor) { this.itemColor = itemColor; } public String getExplode() { return explode; } public void setExplode(String explode) { this.explode = explode; } }

package com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart; import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; import org.jfree.chart.ChartUtilities; import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart; import com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart.graph.GraphFactory; /** * @author masj * @since 2009-8-19 * @version 1.0 */ public class ChartServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = -7113734076299709247L; private final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); /* * 缺省构造函数. */ public ChartServlet() { super(); } /* * 根据相应的请求,生成相应的内容! * * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, * HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { ChartBean chartBean = (ChartBean) request.getSession().getAttribute(request.getParameter("ID")); // 根据图片ID移除会话中的chartBean request.getSession().removeAttribute(request.getParameter("ID")); try { JFreeChart chart = GraphFactory.chartFactory(chartBean).gender();// 调用图形工厂类生成图片. ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream(); try { int width = Integer.parseInt(chartBean.getWidth()); // 图片的宽度 int height = Integer.parseInt(chartBean.getHeight()); // 图片的高度 ChartUtilities.writeChartAsPNG(sos, chart, width, height);// 输出图片 } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("ChartServlet 生成图片异常。", e); } finally { sos.close(); } } catch (Exception e) { logger.error("ChartServlet 请求图片异常。", e); } } /* * (non-Java-doc) * * @see javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, * HttpServletResponse response) */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(request, response); } /** * Initialization of the servlet. <br> * * @throws ServletException * if an error occure */ public void init() throws ServletException { } }

 

在servlet中首先调用工厂类GraphFactory得到一个所有图示的抽象类GraphGeneration，该抽象类的运用了模板方法模式，他把一些作图的公用的方法写在了自己的实现里，把具体到某一种图个性的设置写在了具体的子类里。

GraphGeneration代码如下：

package com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart.graph; import com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart.ChartBean; /** * @author masj * @since 2009-8-19 * @version 1.0 */ public class GraphFactory { private GraphFactory() { } public static GraphGeneration chartFactory(ChartBean chartBean) throws Exception { if (chartBean == null) { throw new Exception("ChartFactory.chartFactory(ChartBean chartBean) 方法的参数不能为空!"); } String chartType = chartBean.getChartType(); if (chartType == null || "series".equalsIgnoreCase(chartType)) {// 折线图 return new LineGraphGeneration(chartBean); } else if ("pie".equalsIgnoreCase(chartType)) {// 饼图 return new PieGraphGeneration(chartBean); } else if ("pie3d".equalsIgnoreCase(chartType)) {// 3d饼图 return new Pie3DGraphGeneration(chartBean); } else if ("bar".equalsIgnoreCase(chartType) || "bar3d".equalsIgnoreCase(chartType)) {// 柱状图 return new BarGraphGeneration(chartBean); } else if ("stackedbar".equalsIgnoreCase(chartType) || "stackedbar3d".equalsIgnoreCase(chartType)) {// 堆积柱图 return new StackedBarGraphGeneration(chartBean); } else if ("barandline".equalsIgnoreCase(chartType)) {// 柱状图＋折线图 return new BarAndLineGraphGeneration(chartBean); } return new LineGraphGeneration(chartBean); } }

 

GraphGeneration类的饼状图PieGraphGeneration的实现代码如下：

package com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart.graph; import java.awt.Color; import java.awt.Font; import org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory; import org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart; import org.jfree.chart.plot.MultiplePiePlot; import org.jfree.chart.plot.PiePlot; import org.jfree.data.category.CategoryDataset; import org.jfree.data.general.Dataset; import org.jfree.util.TableOrder; import com.mashijie.crm.analyse.chart.ChartBean; /** * @author masj * @since 2009-8-26 * @version 1.0 */ public class PieGraphGeneration extends GraphGeneration { /** * 构造方法，只供包来访问 * @param chartBean */ PieGraphGeneration(ChartBean chartBean) { super(chartBean); } @Override public JFreeChart chartGender(Dataset dataset) throws Exception { JFreeChart chart = ChartFactory.createMultiplePieChart( chartBean.getTitle(), // chart title (CategoryDataset) dataset, // dataset TableOrder.BY_ROW, true, true, false); MultiplePiePlot plot = (MultiplePiePlot) chart.getPlot(); JFreeChart subchart = plot.getPieChart(); PiePlot p = (PiePlot) subchart.getPlot(); p.setIgnoreNullValues(true); // 是否剖析 if (chartBean.getExplode() != null && !chartBean.getExplode().equals("-1")) { p.setExplodePercent(Integer.parseInt(chartBean.getExplode()), 0.20); } p.setBaseSectionOutlinePaint(Color.WHITE); p.setLabelFont(new Font("pie", Font.PLAIN, 8)); return chart; } }

可以看出，他的个性代码只有很短的几行，大部分设置都写在了抽象类GraphGeneration里。

 

抽象的模板类GraphGeneration的gender()方法除了调用子类的chartGender(dataset)方法外，还有一个要说明的是：

作图一般分两步，首先得到数据源，即dataset，其次生成jfreechart对象。生成jfreechart对象上面已经提到过首先用工厂方法模式生成一个抽象的图片生成类，但其实际是具体的某一个图片生成类的实例。生成dataset也可以类似设计，首先调用工厂DatasetFactory的datasetFactory方法得到一个抽象类DatasetGeneration，但其实他是指向一个具体的实现类的。该类也一样，使用模板方法模式，把一些公用的方法写在自己的类中，把一些个性的内容写在子类里。

 

思路和部分代码都有了，大家不妨可以在自己的项目中一试。