Solaris11.4配置远程桌面登录

Solaris11.4配置远程桌面登录

一. 版本信息

1. 内核版本信息

root@solaris11:~# uname -a
SunOS solaris11 5.11 11.4.27.82.1 sun4v sparc sun4v
root@solaris11:~#
root@solaris11:~#
root@solaris11:~# cat /etc/release
                            Oracle Solaris 11.4 SPARC
             Copyright (c) 1983, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
                           Assembled 04 November 2020
root@solaris11:~#

2. 硬件信息

solaris11@kalami>prtconf
System Configuration:  Oracle Corporation  sun4v
Memory size: 129280 Megabytes
System Peripherals (Software Nodes):

ORCL,SPARC-S7-2
    scsi_vhci, instance #0
        disk, instance #15
        disk, instance #16
    packages (driver not attached)
        SUNW,builtin-drivers (driver not attached)
        pci-prober (driver not attached)
        deblocker (driver not attached)
        disk-label (driver not attached)
        terminal-emulator (driver not attached)
        dropins (driver not attached)
        SUNW,asr (driver not attached)
        kbd-translator (driver not attached)
        obp-tftp (driver not attached)
        vdisk-helper-pkg (driver not attached)
        vnet-helper-pkg (driver not attached)
        zfs-file-system (driver not attached)
        hsfs-file-system (driver not attached)
    chosen (driver not attached)
    openprom (driver not attached)
        client-services (driver not attached)
    options, instance #0
    aliases (driver not attached)
    memory (driver not attached)
    virtual-memory (driver not attached)
    iscsi-hba (driver not attached)
        disk (driver not attached)
    reboot-memory (driver not attached)
    cpu (driver not attached)
    cpu (driver not attached)
    cpu (driver not attached)

二. Solaris远程桌面登录

1 . SSH远程登录

Solaris11.4默认开启SSH服务，用户在客户端节点上通过ssh命令直接远程登录到Solaris11.4服务器上。

【1】. Win CMD命令行方式

【A】. 终端界面

Windows机器上，在CMD命令行通过ssh远程登录Solaris11服务器（登录用户名为kalami），操作过程如下：

C:\Users>
C:\Users>ssh kalami@192.168.11.130
The authenticity of host '192.168.11.130 (192.168.11.130)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:lJ6haUr7VPvIs8sIFfYqPtlnA04WSR9SLbqqwlP6G/A.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes              ## 输入yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.11.130' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Password:                                                                             ## 输入kalami用户密码
Last login: Mon Sep 30 13:47:31 2024 from 192.168.31.43
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.11      11.4    November 2020
xset:  unable to open display ""
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>uname -a
SunOS solaris11 5.11 11.4.27.82.1 sun4v sparc sun4v
solaris11@kalami>

此时，用户通过终端方式登录到了Solaris服务器上。

【B】. 图形界面

如果打开Solaris服务器上的图形界面（如netui、dbui等），需要重定向到客户机上。命令如下：

export DISPLAY=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:0.0

其中，xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx为客户机器IP地址。

示例：

C:\Users>
C:\Users>ssh kalami@192.168.11.130
The authenticity of host '192.168.11.130 (192.168.11.130)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:lJ6haUr7VPvIs8sIFfYqPtlnA04WSR9SLbqqwlP6G/A.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes              ## 输入yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.11.130' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Password:                                                                             ## 输入kalami用户密码
Last login: Mon Sep 30 13:47:31 2024 from 192.168.31.43
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.11      11.4    November 2020
xset:  unable to open display ""
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>uname -a
SunOS solaris11 5.11 11.4.27.82.1 sun4v sparc sun4v
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>export DISPLAY=192.168.11.15:0.0                                    ## 图形界面重定向到客户机
solaris11@kalami>. ./setenv.ksh                                                      ## 设置环境变量
xset:  bad font path element (#0), possible causes are:
    Directory does not exist or has wrong permissions
    Directory missing fonts.dir
    Incorrect font server address or syntax
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>netui                                                               ## 运行QT界面程序
netui: cannot connect to X server 192.168.11.15:0.0                                  ## 缺少X server模块
solaris11@kalami>

单独通过CMD ssh 重定向Solaris图形界面时，由于X server的原因，无法重定向显示图形界面！！！

【2】. MobaXterm工具方式

MobaXterm工具支持客户端X server功能，可以将Solaris服务器图形界面重定向到客户机。

【A】. 终端界面

打开MobaXterm工具，点击Session创建会话，协议类型选择SSH，输入远程服务器地址和远程登录用户名。

登录后，终端界面如下：

Keyboard-interactive authentication prompts from server:
End of keyboard-interactive prompts from server
     ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
     │                        • MobaXterm 12.2 •                          │
     │            (SSH client, X-server and networking tools)             │
     │                                                                    │
     │ ➤ SSH session to kalami@192.168.11.130                             │
     │   • SSH compression : ✔                                            │
     │   • SSH-browser     : ✔                                            │
     │   • X11-forwarding  : ✔  (remote display is forwarded through SSH) │
     │   • DISPLAY         : ✔  (automatically set on remote server)      │
     │                                                                    │
     │ ➤ For more info, ctrl+click on help or visit our website           │
     └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Last login: Mon Sep 30 14:56:35 2024 from 192.168.11.15
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.11      11.4    November 2020
xset:  bad font path element (#0), possible causes are:
    Directory does not exist or has wrong permissions
    Directory missing fonts.dir
    Incorrect font server address or syntax
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>uname -r
5.11
solaris11@kalami>uname -a
SunOS solaris11 5.11 11.4.27.82.1 sun4v sparc sun4v
solaris11@kalami>

【B】. 图形界面

如果打开Solaris服务器上的图形界面（如netui、dbui等），需要重定向到客户机上。命令如下：

export DISPLAY=xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:0.0

其中，xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx为客户机器IP地址。

示例：

Keyboard-interactive authentication prompts from server:
End of keyboard-interactive prompts from server
     ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
     │                        • MobaXterm 12.2 •                          │
     │            (SSH client, X-server and networking tools)             │
     │                                                                    │
     │ ➤ SSH session to kalami@192.168.11.130                             │
     │   • SSH compression : ✔                                            │
     │   • SSH-browser     : ✔                                            │
     │   • X11-forwarding  : ✔  (remote display is forwarded through SSH) │
     │   • DISPLAY         : ✔  (automatically set on remote server)      │
     │                                                                    │
     │ ➤ For more info, ctrl+click on help or visit our website           │
     └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Last login: Mon Sep 30 14:56:35 2024 from 192.168.11.15
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.11      11.4    November 2020
xset:  bad font path element (#0), possible causes are:
    Directory does not exist or has wrong permissions
    Directory missing fonts.dir
    Incorrect font server address or syntax
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>uname -r
5.11
solaris11@kalami>uname -a
SunOS solaris11 5.11 11.4.27.82.1 sun4v sparc sun4v
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>export DISPLAY=192.168.11.15:0.0                                    ## 图形界面重定向到客户机
solaris11@kalami>. ./setenv.ksh                                                      ## 设置环境变量
xset:  bad font path element (#0), possible causes are:
    Directory does not exist or has wrong permissions
    Directory missing fonts.dir
    Incorrect font server address or syntax

solaris11@kalami>netui                                                               ## 运行QT界面程序

点击【是】选项。

图形界面重定向接受提示，选择【是】选项。

图形界面显示成功。

【C】. 特殊声明

当MobaXterm工具运行时，可以通过Win CMD 命令行方式ssh远程登录到solaris服务器，并重定向图形界面到客户机，此时，同样可以显示图形界面。关闭MobaXterm工具后，CMD重定向图形界面失败！！！

示例：

C:\Users>
C:\Users>ssh kalami@192.168.11.130
The authenticity of host '192.168.11.130 (192.168.11.130)' can't be established.
ED25519 key fingerprint is SHA256:lJ6haUr7VPvIs8sIFfYqPtlnA04WSR9SLbqqwlP6G/A.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes              ## 输入yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.11.130' (ED25519) to the list of known hosts.
Password:                                                                             ## 输入kalami用户密码
Last login: Mon Sep 30 13:47:31 2024 from 192.168.31.43
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.11      11.4    November 2020
xset:  unable to open display ""
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>uname -a
SunOS solaris11 5.11 11.4.27.82.1 sun4v sparc sun4v
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>export DISPLAY=192.168.11.15:0.0                                    ## 图形界面重定向到客户机
solaris11@kalami>. ./setenv.ksh                                                      ## 设置环境变量
xset:  bad font path element (#0), possible causes are:
    Directory does not exist or has wrong permissions
    Directory missing fonts.dir
    Incorrect font server address or syntax
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>netui                                                               ## 运行QT界面程序

图形界面重定向接受提示，选择【是】选项。

图形界面显示成功。

2 . VNC远程登录

【1】. Solaris服务器VNC服务设置

• Solaris11.4 下直接运行vncserver（任一用户，root用户或者普通用户均可）就能启动VNC服务。

• vncserver执行时默认不添加参数，第一个启动的vncserver监听5901端口，再执行一个vncserver时监听端口号加一，以此类推。如果指定监听端口，则通过 "vncserver :10" 方式运行，vncserver将监听5910端口。

• 由于Solaris上的VNC服务是进程而不是Service服务，所以如果重启操作系统，则还需要将vncserver进程启动起来。

【A】. 查看VNC服务

ps -ef | grep vnc

solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>ps -ef | grep vnc
kalami    5640  5293   0 16:27:58 pts/1       0:00 grep vnc
root      4318     1   0 14:04:36 ?           0:32 /usr/bin/Xvnc :1 -auth /tmp/ssh-xauth-TChZvd/xauthfile -desktop solaris11:1 (kalami) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry 1024x768 -pn -rfbauth /home/kalami/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5901 -rfbwait 30000
solaris11@kalami>

vncserver在运行，并且监听5901端口。

【B】. 登录密码设置

vncserver默认读取当前用户$HOME/.vnc/passwd 文件，里边保存着远程登录用户需要提供的密码。

solaris11@kalami>cd .vnc/
solaris11@kalami>ls
config          solaris11:2.log  solaris11:4.log   solaris11:1.log  solaris11:3.log  solaris11:4.pid 
solaris11:1.pid  solaris11:3.pid  passwd    xstartup
solaris11@kalami>

如果需要重新设置远程登录密码，则将$HOME/.vnc/passwd 文件删除掉，重启vncserver进程，按提示设置密码。

示例如下：

solaris11@kalami>cd .vnc/
solaris11@kalami>ls
config          solaris11:2.log  solaris11:4.log   solaris11:1.log  solaris11:3.log  solaris11:4.pid 
solaris11:1.pid  solaris11:3.pid  passwd    xstartup
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>rm passwd                                            ## 删除既有密码文件
rm: passwd: override protection 600 (yes/no)? y
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>
solaris11@kalami>vncserver                                            ## 启动一个VNC服务

You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:                                                             ## 设置远程登录验证密码
Verify:                                                               ## 确认远程登录验证密码
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n                 ## 是否设置只浏览账户
xauth: (stdin):1:  bad display name "solaris11:2" in "add" command

New 'solaris11:2 (kalami)' desktop is solaris11:2

Starting applications specified in /home/kalami/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/kalami/.vnc/solaris11:2.log

solaris11@kalami>

【C】. 启动/关闭VNC服务

通过直接运行vncserver方式启动多个VNC服务。

关闭VNC服务时，先通过ps命令找出PID，并kill 掉即可。

示例如下：

# 查看当前运行的VNC服务端
solaris11@kalami>ps -ef | grep vnc
kalami    5909  5293   0 16:48:39 pts/1       0:00 grep vnc
kalami    5797     1   0 16:44:05 pts/1       0:00 /usr/bin/Xvnc :2 -auth /tmp/ssh-xauth-wIG3oc/xauthfile -desktop solaris11:2 (kalami) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry 1024x768 -pn -rfbauth /home/kalami/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5902 -rfbwait 30000
root      4318     1   0 14:04:36 ?           0:38 /usr/bin/Xvnc :1 -auth /tmp/ssh-xauth-TChZvd/xauthfile -desktop solaris11:1 (kalami) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry 1024x768 -pn -rfbauth /home/kalami/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5901 -rfbwait 30000
solaris11@kalami>

## 结束PID为5797进程
solaris11@kalami>kill 5797
solaris11@kalami>

## 再次查看当前运行的VNC服务端
solaris11@kalami>ps -ef | grep vnc
kalami    5956  5293   0 16:49:06 pts/1       0:00 grep vnc
root      4318     1   0 14:04:36 ?           0:38 /usr/bin/Xvnc :1 -auth /tmp/ssh-xauth-TChZvd/xauthfile -desktop solaris11:1 (kalami) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry 1024x768 -pn -rfbauth /home/kalami/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5901 -rfbwait 30000
solaris11@kalami>

## 重新运行另一个VNC服务端
solaris11@kalami>vncserver
xauth: (stdin):1:  bad display name "solaris11:2" in "add" command

New 'solaris11:2 (kalami)' desktop is solaris11:2

Starting applications specified in /home/kalami/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/kalami/.vnc/solaris11:2.log

solaris11@kalami>

【2】. VNC客户端远程登录

客户端可以用任一VNC客户端工具均可。这里，我使用了MobaXterm工具提供的VNC客户端远程登录Solaris服务器。

【A】. Solaris服务器查看当前是否运行VNC服务进程

solaris上先查看是否运行VNC服务端。

solaris11@kalami>ps -ef | grep vnc
kalami    6302  5293   0 16:59:14 pts/1       0:00 grep vnc
kalami    6245     1   0 16:55:53 pts/1       0:00 /usr/bin/Xvnc :3 -auth /tmp/ssh-xauth-wIG3oc/xauthfile -desktop solaris11:3 (kalami) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry 1024x768 -pn -rfbauth /home/kalami/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5903 -rfbwait 30000
kalami    5978     1   0 16:55:12 pts/1       0:00 /usr/bin/Xvnc :10 -auth /tmp/ssh-xauth-wIG3oc/xauthfile -desktop solaris11:10 (kalami) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry 1024x768 -pn -rfbauth /home/kalami/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5910 -rfbwait 30000
kalami    6121     1   0 16:55:39 pts/1       0:01 /usr/bin/Xvnc :2 -auth /tmp/ssh-xauth-wIG3oc/xauthfile -desktop solaris11:2 (kalami) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry 1024x768 -pn -rfbauth /home/kalami/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5902 -rfbwait 30000
root      4318     1   0 14:04:36 ?           0:38 /usr/bin/Xvnc :1 -auth /tmp/ssh-xauth-TChZvd/xauthfile -desktop solaris11:1 (kalami) -fp catalogue:/etc/X11/fontpath.d -geometry 1024x768 -pn -rfbauth /home/kalami/.vnc/passwd -rfbport 5901 -rfbwait 30000
solaris11@kalami>

【B】. MobaXterm VNC登录远程机器

打开MobaXterm工具，点击【Session】按钮，选择【VNC】协议。

点击【OK】，输入用户密码即可。

输入登录用户名及其密码，远程登录SOLARIS系统。

远程登录成功。