file_reader.py
filename = 'pi_digits.txt'
with open(filename) as file_object:
lines = file_object.readlines()
for line in lines:
print(line.rstrip())
pi_string.py
filename = 'pi_million_digits.txt'
with open(filename) as file_object:
lines = file_object.readlines()
pi_string = ''
for line in lines:
pi_string += line.strip()
# print(f"{pi_string[:52]}...")
# print(len(pi_string))
birthday = input("Enter your birthday, in the form mmddyy: ")
if birthday in pi_string:
print("Your birthday appers in the first million digits of pi!")
else:
print("Your birthday does not appear in the first million digits of pi.")
learning_python.py
# 练习 10-1 Python 学习笔记
# 在文本编辑器中新建一个文件，写几句话来总结一下你至此学到的 Python 知识，其中
# 每一行都以“In Python you can”打头。将这个文件命名为 learning_python.txt，并将其存储
# 到为完成本章练习而编写的程序所在的目录中。编写一个程序，它读取这个文件，并将你
# 所写的内容打印三次：第一次打印时读取整个文件；第二次打印时遍历文件对象；第三次
# 打印时将各行存储在一个列表中，再在 with 代码块外打印它们。
filename = 'learning_python.txt'
print("--- Reading in the entire file:")
with open(filename) as file_object:
contents = file_object.read()
print(contents)
print("\n--- Looping over the lines:")
with open(filename) as file_object:
for line in file_object:
print(line.rstrip())
print("\n--- Storing the lines in a list:")
with open(filename) as file_object:
lines = file_object.readlines()
for line in lines:
print(line.rstrip())
learning_python_to_c.py
# 练习 10-2 C 语言学习笔记
# 你可使用方法 replace() 将字符串中的特定单词都替换为另一个单词。下面是一个简
# 单的示例，演示了如何将句子中的 'dog' 替换为 'cat' ：
# >>> message = "I really like dogs."
# >>> message.replace('dog', 'cat')
# 'I really like cats.'
# 读取你刚创建的文件 learning_python.txt 中的每一行，将其中的 Python 都替换为另一
# 门语言的名称，如 C。将修改后的各行都打印到屏幕上。
filename = 'learning_python.txt'
with open(filename) as f:
lines = f.readlines()
for line in lines:
# 删除行尾的换行符，再将 Python 替换为 C。
line = line.rstrip()
print(line.replace('Python', 'C'))
# 可在一行代码中依次调用 rstrip() 和 replace() ，这被称为方法串接。在下面的代
# 码中，删除行尾的换行符再将 Python 替换为 C，输出与前面的代码相同。
filename = 'learning_python.txt'
with open(filename) as f:
lines = f.readlines()
for line in lines:
# 删除行尾的换行符，再将 Python 替换为 C。
print(line.rstrip().replace('Python', 'C'))
write_message.py
filename = 'programming.txt'
with open(filename, 'w') as file_object:
file_object.write("I love programming.\n")
file_object.write("I love creating new games.\n")
write_message_a.py
filename = 'programming.txt'
with open(filename, 'a') as file_object:
file_object.write("I also love finding meaning in large datasets.\n")
file_object.write("I love creating apps that can run in a browser.\n")
guest_input.py
# 练习 10-3 访客
# 编写一个程序，提示用户输入其名字；用户做出响应后，将其名字写入到文件 guest.txt中。
name = input("What's your name? ")
filename = 'guest.txt'
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
f.write(name)
guest_input_record.py
# 练习 10-4 访客名单
# 编写一个 while 循环，提示用户输入其名字。用户输入其名字后，在屏幕上打印问候
# 语，并将一条到访记录添加到文件 guest_book.txt 中。确保这个文件中的每条记录都独占一行。
filename = 'guest_book.txt'
print("Enter 'quit' when you are finished.")
while True:
name = input("\nWhat's your name? ")
if name == 'quit':
break
else:
with open(filename, 'a') as f:
f.write(f"{name}\n")
print(f"Hi {name}, you've been added to the guest book.")
guest_poll.py
# 练习 10-5 调查
# 编写一个 while 循环，询问用户为何喜欢编程。每当用户输入一个原因后，都将其添加到一个存储所有原因的文件中。
filename = 'programming_poll.txt'
responses = []
while True:
response = input("\nWhy do you like programming? ")
responses.append(response)
continue_poll = input("Would you like to let some one else respond?(y/n) ")
if continue_poll != 'y':
break
with open(filename, 'a') as f:
for response in responses:
f.write(f"{response}\n")
division_calculator.py
try:
print(5/0)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("You can't divide by zero!")
division_calculator1.py
print("Give me two numbers, and I'll divide them.")
print("Enter 'q' to quit.")
while True:
first_number = input("\nFirst number: ")
if first_number == 'q':
break
second_number = input("Second number: ")
if second_number == 'q':
break
try:
answer = int(first_number) / int(second_number)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("You can't devide by 0!")
else:
print(answer)
alice.py
filename = 'alice.txt'
try:
with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as f:
contents = f.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"Sorry, the file {filename} does not exist.")
else:
# 计算该文件大致包含多少个单词.
words = contents.split()
num_words = len(words)
print(f"The file {filename} has about {num_words} words.")
word_count.py
def count_words(filename):
"""计算一个文件大致包含多少个单词."""
try:
with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as f:
contents = f.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
# print(f"Sorry, the file {filename} does not exist.")
else:
words = contents.split()
num_words = len(words)
print(f"The file {filename} has about {num_words} words.")
filenames = ['alice.txt', 'siddhartha.txt', 'moby_dick.txt', 'little_women.txt']
for filename in filenames:
count_words(filename)
addition_operation.py
# 练习 10-6 加法运算
# 提示用户提供数值输入时，常出现的一个问题是，用户提供的是文本而不是数。在这
# 种情况下，当你尝试将输入转换为整数时，将引发 ValueError 异常。编写一个程序，提
# 示用户输入两个数，再将它们相加并打印结果。在用户输入的任何一个值不是数字时都捕
# 获 ValueError 异常，并打印一条友好的错误消息。对你编写的程序进行测试：先输入两
# 个数，再输入一些文本而不是数。
try:
x = input("Give me a number: ")
x = int(x)
y = input("Give me another number: ")
y = int(y)
except ValueError:
print("Sorry, I really needed a number.")
else:
sum = x + y
print(f"The sum of {x} and {y} is {sum}.")
addition_calculator.py
# 练习 10-7 加法计算器
# 将你为完成练习 10-6 而编写的代码放在一个 while 循环中，让用户犯错（输入的是
# 文本而不是数）后能够继续输入数。
print("Enter 'q' at any time to quit.")
while True:
try:
x = input("\nGive me a number: ")
if x == 'q':
break
x = int(x)
y = input("Give me another number: ")
if y == 'q':
break
y = int(y)
except ValueError:
print("Sorry, I really needed a number.")
else:
sum = x + y
print(f"The sum of {x} and {y} is {sum}.")
cats_and_dogs.py
# 练习 10-8 猫和狗
# 创建两个文件 cats.txt 和 dogs.txt，在第一个文件中至少存储三只猫的名字，在第二个
# 文件中至少存储三条狗的名字。编写一个程序，尝试读取这些文件，并将其内容打印到屏
# 幕上。将这些代码放在一个 try-except 代码块中，以便在文件不存在时捕获 FileNotFound
# 错误，并打印一条友好的消息。将文件之一移到另一个地方，并确认 except 代码块中的
# 代码将正确地执行。
filenames = ['cats.txt', 'dogs.txt']
for filename in filenames:
print(f"\nReading file: {filename}")
try:
with open(filename) as f:
contents = f.read()
print(contents)
except FileNotFoundError:
print("Sorry, I can't find that file.")
silent_cats_and_dogs.py
filenames = ['cats.txt', 'dogs.txt']
for filename in filenames:
print(f"\nReading file: {filename}")
try:
with open(filename) as f:
contents = f.read()
print(contents)
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
else:
print(f"\nReading file: {filename}")
print(contents)
common_words.py
# 练习 10-10 常见单词
# 访问古登堡计划（http://gutenberg.org/），并找一些你想分析的图书。下载这些作品的
# 文本文件或将浏览器中的原始文本复制到文本文件中。
# 你可使用方法 count() 来确定特定的单词或短语在字符串中出现了多少次。例如，下
# 面的代码计算 'row' 在一个字符串中出现了多少次：
# >>> line = "Row, row, row your boat"
# >>> line.count('row')
# 2
# >>> line.lower().count('row')
# 3
# 请注意，通过使用 lower() 将字符串转换为小写，可捕捉要查找的单词的各种外观，
# 而不管其大小写格式如何。
# 编写一个程序，它读取你在古登堡计划中获取的文件，并计算单词'the'在每个文件
# 中分别出现了多少次。这里计算得到的结果并不准确，因为将诸如'then'和'there'等
# 单词也计算在内了。请尝试计算'the '（包含空格）出现的次数，看看结果相差多少。
def count_common_words(filename, word):
"""计算指定的单词在图书中出现的次数."""
try:
with open(filename, encoding='utf-8') as f:
contents = f.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
pass
else:
word_count = contents.lower().count(word)
msg = f"'{word}' appears in {filename} about {word_count} times."
print(msg)
filename = 'alice.txt'
count_common_words(filename, 'the')
number_write.py
import json
numbers = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]
filename = 'numbers.json'
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(numbers, f)
number_write_load.py
import json
filename = 'numbers.json'
with open(filename) as f:
numbers = json.load(f)
print(numbers)
remember_me.py
import json
username = input("What is your name? ")
filename = 'username.json'
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(username, f)
print(f"We'll remember you when you come back, {username}!")
greet_user.py
import json
filename = 'username.json'
with open(filename) as f:
username = json.load(f)
print(f"Welcome back, {username}!")
remember_me1.py
import json
# 如果以前存储了用户名,就加载它.
# 否则, 提示用户输入用户名并存储它.
filename = 'username.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f:
username = json.load(f)
except FileNotFoundError:
username = input("What is your name? ")
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(f)
print(f"We'll remember you when you come back, {username}!")
else:
print(f"Welcome back, {username}!")
remember_me2.py
import json
def greet_user():
"""问候用户, 并指出其名字."""
filename = 'username.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f:
username = json.load(f)
except FileNotFoundError:
username = input("What is your name? ")
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(username, f)
print(f"We'll remember you when you come back, {username}!")
else:
print(f"Welcome back, {username}!")
greet_user()
remember_me3.py
import json
def get_stored_username():
"""如果存储了用户名, 就获取它."""
filename = 'username.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f:
username = json.load(f)
except FileNotFoundError:
return None
else:
return username
def greet_user():
"""问候用户, 并指出其名字."""
username = get_stored_username()
if username:
print(f"Welcome back, {username}!")
else:
username = input("What is your name? ")
filename = 'username.json'
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(username, f)
print(f"We'll remember you when you come back, {username}!")
greet_user()
remember_me4.py
import json
def get_stored_username():
"""如果存储了用户名, 就获取它."""
filename = 'username.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f:
username = json.load(f)
except FileNotFoundError:
return None
else:
return username
def get_new_username():
"""提示用户输入用户名."""
username = input("What is your name? ")
filename = 'username.json'
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(username, f)
return username
def greet_user():
"""问候用户, 并指出其名字."""
username = get_stored_username()
if username:
print(f"Welcome back, {username}!")
else:
username = get_new_username()
print(f"We'll remember you when you come back, {username}!")
greet_user()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
favorite_number.write.py
# 练习 10-11 喜欢的数
# 编写一个程序，提示用户输入他喜欢的数，并使用 json.dump() 将这个数字存储到文
# 件中。再编写一个程序，从文件中读取这个值，并打印消息“I know your favorite number! It’s
# _____.”。
import json
filename = 'favorite_number.json'
number = input("What's your favorite number? ")
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(number, f)
print("Thanks! I'll remember that.")
favorite_number_read.py
import json
filename = 'favorite_number.json'
with open(filename) as f:
number = json.load(f)
print(f"I know your favorite number! It's {number}.")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
remember_favorite_number.py
# 练习 10-12 记住喜欢的数
# 将练习 10-11 中的两个程序合而为一。如果存储了用户喜欢的数，就向用户显示它；
# 否则提示用户输入他喜欢的数并将其存储到文件中。运行这个程序两次，看看它是否像预
# 期的那样工作。
import json
filename = 'favorite_number.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f:
number = json.load(f)
except FileNotFoundError:
number = input("What's your favorite number? ")
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(number, f)
print("Thanks, I'll remember that.")
else:
print(f"I know your favorite number! It's {number}.")
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
check_user.py
# 练习 10-13 验证用户
# 最后一个 remember_me.py 版本假设用户要么已输入其用户名，要么是首次运行该程
# 序。应修改这个程序，以应对这样的情形：当前和最后一次运行该程序的用户并非同一个
# 人。
# 为此，在 greet_user() 中打印欢迎用户回来的消息前，询问他用户名是否是对的。如
# 果不对，就调用 get_new_username() 让用户输入正确的用户名。
import json
def get_stored_username():
"""如果存储了用户名, 就获取它."""
filename = 'username.json'
try:
with open(filename) as f:
username = json.load(f)
except FileNotFoundError:
return None
else:
return username
def get_new_username():
"""提示用户输入用户名."""
username = input("What is your name? ")
filename = 'username.json'
with open(filename, 'w') as f:
json.dump(username, f)
return username
def greet_user():
"""问候用户, 并指出其名字."""
username = get_stored_username()
if username:
correct = input(f"Are you {username}? (y/n) ")
if correct =='y':
print(f"Welcome back, {username}!")
return
username = get_new_username()
print(f"We'll remember you when you come back, {username}!")
greet_user()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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