[Leetcode] 209. Minimum Size Subarray Sum 解题报告

题目：

Given an array of n positive integers and a positive integer s, find the minimal length of a contiguous subarray of which the sum ≥ s. If there isn't one, return 0 instead.

For example, given the array [2,3,1,2,4,3] and s = 7,
the subarray [4,3] has the minimal length under the problem constraint.

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More practice:

If you have figured out the O(n) solution, try coding another solution of which the time complexity is O(n log n).

思路：

1、Two Pointers：可以维护一个区间，使得在该区间内的和是小于s的。如果加上一个数之后区间的和大于s了，那么就从区间的左边开始删除元素，并且边删边判断是不是和依然大于s，更新结果。这种Two Pointers的时间复杂度是O(n)，空间复杂度是O(1)。

2、二分查找法：这是从网上看到的解法，更加精妙一些。思想是用一个数组sums[i]来保存前i-1个数的和。这样可以保证数组的递增，然后从一个位置用二分查找大于sums[i] + s的值。之所以用sums[i] + s作为key来查找是因为这样就可以抛弃掉前i-1位数的和，查找一个从i开始的和大于s的区间（有没有很精妙？）。

代码：

1、Two Pointers：

class Solution {
public:
    int minSubArrayLen(int s, vector<int>& nums) {
        if(nums.size() == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        int Min = INT_MAX, left = 0, sum = 0; 
        for(int i = 0; i< nums.size(); ++i) {  
            sum += nums[i];  
            while(sum >= s) {  
                Min = min(Min, i - left + 1);  
                sum -= nums[left++];  
            }  
        }  
        return Min == INT_MAX ? 0 : Min;  
    }
};

2、二分查找法：

class Solution {
public:
    int minSubArrayLen(int s, vector<int>& nums) {
        int length = nums.size(), min_length = INT_MAX;
        vector<int> sums(length + 1, 0);
        for (int i = 1; i <= length; ++i) {
            sums[i] = sums[i - 1] + nums[i - 1];
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            int pos = binarySearch(sums, i + 1, length, sums[i] + s);
            if (pos == length + 1) {
                continue;
            }
            min_length = min(min_length, pos - i);  // update the min_length
        }
        return min_length == INT_MAX ? 0 : min_length;
    }
private:
    int binarySearch(vector<int> &sums, int left, int right, int key) {
        while (left <= right) {
            int mid = left + (right - left) / 2;
            if (sums[mid] < key) {
                left = mid + 1;
            }
            else {
                right = mid - 1;
            }
        }
        return left;
    }
};