[Leetcode] 274. H-Index 解题报告

题目：

Given an array of citations (each citation is a non-negative integer) of a researcher, write a function to compute the researcher's h-index.

According to the definition of h-index on Wikipedia: "A scientist has index h if h of his/her N papers have at least h citations each, and the other N − h papers have no more than h citations each."

For example, given citations = [3, 0, 6, 1, 5], which means the researcher has 5 papers in total and each of them had received 3, 0, 6, 1, 5 citations respectively. Since the researcher has 3 papers with at least 3 citations each and the remaining two with no more than 3 citations each, his h-index is 3.

Note: If there are several possible values for h, the maximum one is taken as the h-index.

思路：

1、排序法：最简单的解决方法是首先对citations进行排序，然后逆序扫描。这种算法的时间复杂度是O(nlogn)，空间复杂度是O(1)。

2、哈希表法：利用空间换时间的做法，则可以将时间复杂度降低到O(n)。这种做法的思路是根据h-index的范围是[0, citations.size()]，因此我们只需要从高到低统计引用数比当前index大的论文数量。如果当前论文数量比index大了，说明这个index就是h-index，也就是最多有index篇论文，满足每篇引用数不低于index，此时就可以直接返回了。

代码：

1、排序法：

class Solution {
public:
    int hIndex(vector<int>& citations) {
        sort(citations.begin(), citations.end());
        int ret = 0, size = citations.size();
        for (int i = size - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            if (citations[i] > ret) {
                ++ret;
            }
            else {
                break;
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
};

2、哈希表法：

class Solution {
public:
    int hIndex(vector<int>& citations) {
        unordered_map<int, int> hash;
        int len = citations.size();
        for(int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
            if(citations[i] >= len) {
                ++hash[len];
            }
            else {
                ++hash[citations[i]];
            }
        }
        for(int i = len; i >= 0; --i) {
            hash[i] += hash[i+1];
            if(i <= hash[i]) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }
};