使用Spring Cloud Alibaba创建微服务
1 Spring Cloud Alibaba对应的版本
版本选择很重要!!!
Spring Cloud生态组件 | 版本 |
---|---|
Spring Cloud | Hoxton.SR3 |
Spring Boot | 2.2.5.RELEASE |
Spring Cloud Openfeign | 2.2.2.RELEASE |
Spring Cloud Gateway | 2.2.2.RELEASE |
Spring Cloud Alibaba | 2.2.1.RELEASE |
Nacos | 1.2.1 |
Dubbo | 2.7.6 |
Sentinel | 1.7.1 |
RocketMQ | 4.4.0 |
Seata | 1.2.0 |
2 Nacos
注意:安装nacos必须安装JDK1.8以上版本,单机模式不需要MySql,集群模式需要安装Mysql。
2.1 在Ubutu18.4中单机模式启动
# 下载Nacos,地址如下:
https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases/download/1.2.1/nacos-server-1.2.1.tar.gz
# (1) 解压nacos
tar -xzvf nacos-server-1.2.1.tar.gz
# (2) 进入nacos
cd nacos/bin/
# (3) 启动nacos
./startup.sh -m standalone;
# (4) 如果无法启动,查看一下是否是权限问题,如果不是权限问题,在命令前面添加“bash -f"
bash -f ./startup.sh -m standalone
2.2 使用nacos
输入以下地址:
http://localhost:8848/nacos/index.html
初始账号和秘密都是 nacos
3 创建服务提供者
创建工程名:provider
包名:com.mason.provider
如果在pom.xml中maven报错,为spring-boot-maven-plugin添加版本号,如下:
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
3.1 基本依赖
基础依赖的pom.xml文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/>
</parent>
<groupId>com.mason</groupId>
<artifactId>nacos-server-provider-test-8081</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>nacos-server-provider-test-8081</name>
<description>Nacos server provider project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
<spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2.2.1.RELEASE</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
3.2 创建yml文件
删除resources目录下的application.property,添加application-provider8081.yml、application-provider8082.yml两个文件,如下:
application-provider8081.yml
server:
port: 8081
spring:
application:
name: provider-01
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
application-provider8082.yml
server:
port: 8082
spring:
application:
name: provider-01
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
3.3 创建controller
在com.mason.provider包下创建目录controller(与ProviderApplication.java同级目录),并创建ProviderController.java文件。如下:
package com.mason.provider.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class ProviderController {
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@GetMapping("/getData")
public String getData(){
return "Provider Hello World ! " + this.port;
}
}
3.4 修改ProviderApplication
package com.mason.provider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
3.5 测试
在idea同时启动两个微服务(参考另一篇博客“微服务集群简单搭建(Eureka)“配置),
启动的参数分别为(对应yml文件中application后的名称):--spring.profiles.active=provider8081,--spring.profiles.active=provider8082
在浏览器中输入地址如下:
http://localhost:8081/getData返回值是"Provider Hello World ! 8081",
http://localhost:8082/getData返回值是 "Provider Hello World ! 8082“
在nacos中可以看到,如下:
4 创建服务消费者
创建工程名:consumer
包名:com.mason.consumer
4.1 基本依赖
基础依赖的pom.xml文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.2.5.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.mason</groupId>
<artifactId>consumer</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>consumer</name>
<description>Nacos server consumer project for Spring Boot</description>
<properties>
<java.version>11</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
<spring.cloud.alibaba.version>2.2.1.RELEASE</spring.cloud.alibaba.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring.cloud.alibaba.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1.RELEASE</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
4.2 创建yml文件
将resources目录下的application.property,修改为application.yml文件,如下:
server:
port: 8080
spring:
application:
name: consumer-01
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
4.3 配置RestTemplate+Ribbon
com.mason.consumer包下创建目录util(与ConsumerApplication.java同级目录),并创建RestTemplateConfiguration.java文件,如下:
package com.mason.consumer.util;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfiguration {
// 使客户端负责均衡
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4.4 创建controller
在com.mason.consumer包下创建目录controller(与ConsumerApplication.java同级目录),并创建ConsumerController.java文件,如下:
package com.mason.consumer.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
// 设置服务提供着的名称
private final String PROVIDER_URL = "http://provider-01";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/getData")
public String getData(){
return this.restTemplate.getForObject(PROVIDER_URL+"/getData", String.class);
}
}
4.5 修改ConsumerApplication
package com.mason.consumer;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ConsumerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerApplication.class, args);
}
}
4.6 测试
在浏览器中输入:http://localhost:8080/getData,可能看到返回值是"Consumer Hello World ! 8081",也可能是"Consumer Hello World ! 8082"。
在nacos中可以看到,如下: