SpringCloudAlibaba（二）微服务环境搭建

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最新推荐文章于 2023-07-08 14:51:42 发布

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我们本次是使用的电商项目中的商品、订单、用户为案例进行讲解。

2.1 案例准备

2.1.1 技术选型

maven ： 3.3.9

数据库： MySQL 5.7

持久层 : SpingData Jpa

其他 : SpringCloud Alibaba 技术栈

2.1.2 模块设计

springcloud-alibaba 父工程

shop-common 公共模块【实体类】

shop-user 用户微服务【端口: 807x 】

shop-product 商品微服务【端口 : 808x 】

shop-order 订单微服务【端口: 809x 】

2.1.3 微服务调用

在微服务架构中，最常见的场景就是微服务之间的相互调用。我们以电商系统中常见的用户下单 为例来演示微服务的调用：客户向订单微服务发起一个下单的请求，在进行保存订单之前需要调用商品微服务查询商品的信息。

我们一般把服务的主动调用方称为服务消费者 ，把服务的被调用方称为 服务提供者.

在这种场景下，订单微服务就是一个服务消费者，商品微服务就是一个服务提供者。

2.2 创建父工程

创建一个 springcloud-alibaba 的 maven 父工程

pom文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <modules>
        <module>shop-common</module>
        <module>shop-user</module>
        <module>shop-product</module>
        <module>shop-order</module>
    </modules>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version>
        <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2.1.0.RELEASE</spring-cloud-alibaba.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

注意：这几个依赖的版本需要一一对应，在官网上可以查到。

2.3 创建基础模块

1 创建 shop - common 模块，在 pom.xml 中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.56</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.6</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

2 创建实体类

package com.itheima.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

//订单
@Entity(name = "shop_order")
@Data
public class Order {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long oid;//订单id

    private Integer uid;//用户id

    private String username;//用户名

    private Integer pid;//商品id

    private String pname;//商品名称

    private Double pprice;//商品单价

    private Integer number;//购买数量
}

package com.itheima.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

//商品
@Entity(name = "shop_product")
@Data
public class Product {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer pid;//主键

    private String pname;//商品名称

    private Double pprice;//商品价格

    private Integer stock;//库存
}

package com.itheima.entity;

import lombok.Data;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

//用户
@Entity(name = "shop_user")
@Data
public class User {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer uid;//主键

    private String username;//用户名

    private String password;//密码

    private String telephone;//手机号
}

2.4 创建用户微服务

1 创建 shop - user 模块，在 pom.xml 中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-user</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2 编写主类

package com.itheima;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class UserApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(UserApplication.class,args);
    }
}

3 配置文件

server:
  port: 8071
spring:
  application:
    name: service-user
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/alibaba_db?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

注：此配置是jpa提供的功能，默认根据entity自动生成sql(没有表会自动生成，有就不会再生成)

2.5 创建商品微服务

1 创建 shop-product 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-product</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2 编写主类

package com.itheima;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class ProductApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ProductApplication.class,args);
    }
}

3 配置文件

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  application:
    name: service-product
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/alibaba_db?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 Dao

package com.itheima.dao;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import com.itheima.entity.Product;

public interface ProductDao extends JpaRepository<Product,Integer> {
}

5 Service

package com.itheima.service;

import com.itheima.entity.Product;

public interface ProductService {

    Product findByPid(Integer pid);
}

package com.itheima.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.itheima.dao.ProductDao;
import com.itheima.entity.Product;

@Service
public class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService {

    @Autowired
    private ProductDao productDao;

    @Override
    public Product findByPid(Integer pid) {
        return productDao.findById(pid).get();
    }
}

6 Controller

package com.itheima.controller;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.itheima.entity.Product;
import com.itheima.service.ProductService;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProductController {

    @Autowired
    private ProductService productService;

    @GetMapping("/product/{pid}")
    public Product product(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        Product product = productService.findByPid(pid);
        log.info("查询到商品:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));
        return product;
    }
}

7 启动工程，等到数据库表创建完毕之后，加入测试数据

INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'小米','1000','5000'); 
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'华为','2000','5000'); 
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'苹果','3000','5000'); 
INSERT INTO shop_product VALUE(NULL,'OPPO','4000','5000');

8 通过浏览器访问服务

2.6 创建订单微服务

1 创建 shop-order 模块，在pom.xml中添加依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>springcloud-alibaba</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>shop-order</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.itheima</groupId>
            <artifactId>shop-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

2 编写主类

package com.itheima;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

3 配置文件

server:
  port: 8091
spring:
  application:
    name: service-order
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/alibaba_db?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
    username: root
    password: root
  jpa:
    properties:
      hibernate:
        hbm2ddl:
          auto: update
        dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect

4 Dao

package com.itheima.dao;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

import com.itheima.entity.Order;

public interface OrderDao extends JpaRepository<Order,Long> {
}

5 Service

package com.itheima.service;

import com.itheima.entity.Order;

public interface OrderService {

    void save(Order order);
}

package com.itheima.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.itheima.dao.OrderDao;
import com.itheima.entity.Order;

@Service
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {

    @Autowired
    private OrderDao orderDao;

    @Override
    public void save(Order order) {
        orderDao.save(order);
    }
}

6 创建RestTemplate

package com.itheima;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(OrderApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

7 Controller

package com.itheima.controller;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.itheima.entity.Order;
import com.itheima.entity.Product;
import com.itheima.service.OrderService;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private OrderService orderService;

    //准备买1件商品
    @GetMapping("/order/prod/{pid}")
    public Order order(@PathVariable("pid") Integer pid) {
        log.info(">>客户下单，这时候要调用商品微服务查询商品信息");

        //通过restTemplate调用商品微服务
        Product product = restTemplate.getForObject(
            		"http://localhost:8081/product/" + pid, Product.class);

        log.info(">>商品信息,查询结果:" + JSON.toJSONString(product));

        Order order = new Order();
        order.setUid(1);
        order.setUsername("测试用户");
        order.setPid(product.getPid());
        order.setPname(product.getPname());
        order.setPprice(product.getPprice());
        order.setNumber(1);

        orderService.save(order);

        return order;
    }
}

7 启动工程 , 通过浏览器访问服务进行测试