Elasticsearch使用中的一些问题记录

前情提要

本人小白一枚，马上要负责一个项目的开发，由于需要涉及到一些ES的使用，提前思考一下可能会碰到的一些问题形成一个记录，以便后续
查看。
本次记录使用ES版本为8.4.3

问题一、Mapping映射的修改问题

众所周知，ES提供自动映射（在创建索引后根据数据自动创建Mapping映射），但实际开发中，为了更加贴合业务需求、运行维护等，对于
Mapping映射采取的是自己定义。这种情况下，业务需求的变动可能会影响Mapping映射结构，为保证我们修改Mapping映射不影响
原数据，这时我们就得考虑Mapping映射的修改问题。
1.  Mapping映射新增字段
2.  Mapping映射删除字段
3.  Mapping映射修改字段

准备

# 创建索引old_student
PUT /old_student
{
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "stuName": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "stuSex": {
        "type": "short"
      },
      "stuMail": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "stuAge": {
        "type": "integer"
      }
    }
  },
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 3,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  }
}

# 查看索引old_student
GET /old_student

# 添加数据
POST /old_student/_doc
{
  "stuName": "王五",
  "stuSex": 1,
  "stuMail": "2583651948@qq.com",
  "stuAge": 18,
  "stuPhone": 12345678910
}
此处省略多条数据...

注意： 此处会出现自动映射（因为我们在创建Mapping映射时未禁用自动映射加之我们数据中出现映射不存在的字段"stuPhone"）

# 如果不希望数据影响我们的Mapping映射结构，可以设置自动映射为false
PUT /old_student/_mapping
{
  "dynamic": false
}
# 或者使用严格模式
PUT /old_student/_mapping
{
  "dynamic": "strict"
}

二者区别： 设置自动映射为false的话，上面所演示数据依然可以添加成功且不会改变我们的Mapping映射结构。使用严格模式的话，上述数据添加失败，且后续我们修改Mapping映射报错

mapping set to strict, dynamic introduction of [properties] within [_doc] is not allowed

1. 新增字段

# 新增字段比较简单且不会对原有数据造成影响
PUT /old_student/_mapping
{
  "properties": {
    "stuClass": {
      "type": "keyword"
    }
  }
}

2. 删除字段或修改字段

# 删除字段stuAge、修改字段stuSex类型为keyword、修改字段stuClass类型为text，添加ik分词器
# 重建一个索引new_student
PUT /new_student
{
  "mappings": {
    "dynamic": false,
    "properties": {
      "stuName": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "stuMail": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "stuSex": {
        "type": "keyword"
      },
      "stuClass": {
        "type": "text",
        "analyzer": "ik_max_word"
      }
    }
  }
}

# 为old_student设置别名
POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "old_student",
        "alias": "student"
      }
    }
  ]
}

# 将old_student数据迁移至new_student
POST /_reindex
{
  "source": {
    "index": "old_student"
  },
  "dest": {
    "index": "new_student"
  }
}

# 移除old_student别名并为new_student设置相同别名
POST /_aliases
{
  "actions": [
    {
      "add": {
        "index": "new_student",
        "alias": "student"
      }
    },
    {
      "remove": {
        "index": "old_student",
        "alias": "student"
      }
    }
  ]
}

# 删除old_student
DELETE /old_student

# 新索引new_student添加数据测试
POST /new_student/_doc
{
  "stuName": "阿柒",
  "stuSex": 1,
  "stuMail": "3484332313@qq.com",
  "stuAge": 7777777777777777,
  "stuPhone": 12345678910,
  "stuClass": "二般"
}

# 查询数据查看结果
GET /new_student/_search
{
  "query": {
    "match_all": {}
  }
}

# 结果
{
  "took": 1,
  "timed_out": false,
  "_shards": {
    "total": 1,
    "successful": 1,
    "skipped": 0,
    "failed": 0
  },
  "hits": {
    "total": {
      "value": 5,
      "relation": "eq"
    },
    "max_score": 1,
    "hits": [
      {
        "_index": "new_student",
        "_id": "lexcNocBl-_Ye7BZU-Dy",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "stuName": "王五",
          "stuSex": 1,
          "stuMail": "2583651948@qq.com",
          "stuAge": 18,
          "stuPhone": 15838451526
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "new_student",
        "_id": "k-xYNocBl-_Ye7BZmODi",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "stuName": "张三",
          "stuSex": 1,
          "stuMail": "2583651948@qq.com",
          "stuAge": 18
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "new_student",
        "_id": "luyVNocBl-_Ye7BZ8eCt",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "stuName": "老六",
          "stuSex": 1,
          "stuMail": "353332313@qq.com",
          "stuAge": 66,
          "stuPhone": 12345678910,
          "stuClass": "不一般"
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "new_student",
        "_id": "lOxZNocBl-_Ye7BZIuDw",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "stuName": "李四",
          "stuSex": 0,
          "stuMail": "2583651948@qq.com",
          "stuAge": 18
        }
      },
      {
        "_index": "new_student",
        "_id": "l-yuNocBl-_Ye7BZ9uDF",
        "_score": 1,
        "_source": {
          "stuName": "阿柒",
          "stuSex": 1,
          "stuMail": "3484332313@qq.com",
          "stuAge": 7777777777777777,
          "stuPhone": 12345678910,
          "stuClass": "二般"
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}

总结： Mapping映射修改成功且不影响原数据

问题二、…

此时，貂蝉还在骑马来的路上…