U-BOOT之Readme

U-BOOT之ReadMe

   U-boot是基于PowerPC, ARM, MIPS等多种处理器上的bootloader，可以安装在boot ROM中，用于初始化或者测试硬件，或者用于装载和运行应用程序。

 where we come from

  - start from 8xxrom sources

- create PPCBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/ppcboot)

- clean up code

- make it easier to add custom boards

- make it possibile to add other [PowerPC] CPUs            

- extend functions, especially:

   * Provide extended interface to Linux boot loader

* S-Record download

* network boot

* PCMCIA / CompactFlash / ATA disk /SCSI … boot

-         create ARMBoot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/armboot)

-         add other CPU families(starting with ARM)

-         create U-Boot project (http://sourceforge.net/projects/u-boot)

 

Names and Spelling:

 

文件名以u-boot为开头，例如

#include <asm/u-boot.h>

#include <asm-ppc/u-boot.h>

变量名，预编译常数等都以u_boot或者U_BOOT开头，例如

U_BOOT_VERSION    u_boot_logo

IH_OS_U_BOOT       u_boot_hush_start

 Versioning:

 

U-Boot 版本信息由 version, sub-version 和 patchlevel 组成。例如 ”U-Boot-2.34.5” 表示 version “2”, sub-version “34”, 和 patchlevel “4”. 对于正式的发布版本来说， patchlevel 总为“ 0” .

 

Directory Hierarchy:

 

- board        Board dependent files

- common      Misc architecture independent functions

- cpu          CPU specific files

- 74xx_7xx   Files specific to Freescale MPC74xx and 7xx CPUs

- arm720t    Files specific to ARM 720 CPUs

- arm920t    Files specific to ARM 920 CPUs

     - at91rm9200 Files specific to Atmel AT91RM9200 CPU

     - imx         Files specific to Freescale MC9328 i.MX CPUs

     - s3c24x0      Files specific to Samsung S3C24X0 CPUs

 - arm925t    Files specific to ARM 925 CPUs

 - arm926ejs Files specific to ARM 926 CPUs

 - arm1136   Files specific to ARM 1136 CPUs

           - i386      Files specific to i386 CPUs

- ixp        Files specific to Intel Xscale IXP CPUs

- mcf52x2    Files specific to Freescale ColdFire MCF52x2 CPUs

- mips       Files specific to MIPS CPUs

- mpc5xx    Files specific to Freescale MPC5xx CPUs

- mpc5xxx   Files specific to Freescale MPC5xxx CPUs

          - mpc8xx    Files specific to Freescale MPC8xx CPUs

           - mpc8220   Files specific to Freescale MPC8220 CPUs

           - mpc824x   Files specific to Freescale MPC824x CPUs

           - mpc8260   Files specific to Freescale MPC8260 CPUs

           - nios       Files specific to Altera NIOS CPUs

- nios2     Files specific to Altera Nios-II CPUs

- ppc4xx    Files specific to AMCC PowerPC 4xx CPUs

- pxa       Files specific to Intel Xscale PXA CPUs

- s3c4bb0   Files specific to Samsung S3C44B0 CPUs

- sa1100    Files specific to Intel StrongARM SA1100 CPUs

- disk    Code for disk drive partition handling

- doc     Documentation

-         drivers Commonly used device drivers

-         dtt      Digital Thermometer and Thermostat drivers

-         examples Example code for standalone applications, etc

-         include Header Files

-         lib_arm File generic to ARM   architecture

-         lib_generic File generic to all   architecture

-         lib_i386 File generic to i386   architecture

- lib_m68k File generic to m68k   architecture

- lib_mips   File generic to MIPS   architecture

- lib_nios    File generic to NIOS   architecture

- lib_ppc    File generic to PowerPC architecture

- net        Networking code

- post       Power On Self Test

- rtc        Real Time Clock drivers

-  tools      Tools to build S-Record or U-Boot images, etc

 

 

Software Configuration:

 

Configuration _OPTIONS_:

由用户指定，以 CONFIG_ 开头

Configuration_SETTINGS_:

跟具体硬件相关，以 CFG_

 

 

 

对于已经支持的 board ，已有默认的 configuration, 故需要直接 make 即可， make

<board_name>_config.

Example:

cd u-boot

make TQM82L_config

对于 Cogent platform ，则需要 make cogent_mpc8xx_config.

Configuration Options:

Configuration 取决于 board 和 CPU 类型，其信息在 include/configs/<board_name>.h

中，例如 include/configs/TQM823L.h

需要指定如下：

- CPU Types: 例如 CONFIG_MPC860

- Board Type: 例如 CONFIG_PCIPPC2

-         CPU Module Type:( 如果定义了 CONFIG_COGENT), 例如 CONFIG_CMA286_60_OLD

-         Motherboard Type:( 如果定义了 CONFIG_COGENT) 例如 CONFIG_CMA101

-         Motherboard I/O Modules: ( 如果定义了 CONFIG_COGENT), 例如 CONGIG_

CMA302

-         Board flavour

-         MPC824x Family Member

-         8xx CPU options

-         859/866/865 CPU options

-         Linux Kernel Interface:

-         Serial Ports

-         Console Interface

-         Console Baudrate

-         Interrupt driven serial port input

-         Console UART Number

-         Boot Delay

-         Autoboot Command

-         Pre-Boot Commands

-         Serial Download Echo Mode

-         Kgdb Serial Baudrate

-         Monitor Functions

-         Watchdog

-         U-Boot Version

-         Real-Time Clock

-         Timestamp Support

-         Partition Support

-         IDE Reset method

-         ATAPI support

-         LBA48 support

-         SCSI support

-         NETWORK support(PCI and others)

-         USB support

-         MMC support

-         Journaling Flash filesystem support

-         Keyboard support

-         Video support

-         Keyboard support

-         LCD support

-         Splash Screen Support

-         Gzip compressed BMP image support

-         Compression support

-         MII/PHY support

-         Ethernet address

-         IP address

-         Server IP address

-         Boot Recovery mode

-         DHCP Advanded options

-         CDP options

-         Status LED

-         CAN support

-         I2C support

-         SPI support

-         FPGA support

-         Configuration management

-         Vendor Parameter protection

-         Protected RAM

-         Error Recovery

-         Command Interpreter

-         Default Environment

-         DataFlash Support

-         SystemACE Support

-         TFTP Fixed UDP Port

-         Show boot progress

Modem Support:

       

-         Modem support enable: CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT

-         RTS/CTS Flow control enable: CONFIG_HWFLOW

-         Modem debug support

-         Interrupt support(PPC): interrupt_init() 和 timer_interrupt() 对于所有 PPC 结构来说都是通用的。其中， interrupt_init() 调用 interrupt_init_cpu() 对特定 CPU 进行初始化。在 interrupt_init_cpu() 中，应设定合适的 decrement_count 值。 timer_interrupt() 调用 timer_interrupt_cpu() 处理特定的 CPU 定时。如果板上有 watchdog/status_led 等，在 timer_interrupt() 后有效。

-         General

Configuration Settings:

-         CFG_LONGHELP

-         CFG_PROMPT

-         CFG_CBSIZE

-         CFG_PBSIZE

-         CFG_MAXARGS

-         CFG_BARGSIZE

-         CFG_BAUDRATE_TABLE

-         CFG_CONSOLE_INFO_QUITE

-         CFG_CONSOLE_IS_IN_ENV

-         CFG_CONSOLE_ENV_OVERWRITE

-         CFG_MEMTEST_START, CFG_MEMTEST_END

-         CFG_ALT_MEMTEST

-         CFG_MEMTEST_SCRATCH

-         CFG_TFTP_LOADADDR

-         CFG_LOADS_BAUD_CHANGE

-         CFG_SDRAM_BASE

-         CFG_MBIO_BASE

-         CFG_FLASH_BASE

-         CFG_MONITOR_BASE

-         CFG_MONITOR_LEN

-         CFG_MALLOC_LEN

-         CFG_BOOTMAPSZ

-         CFG_MAX_FLASH_BANKS

-         CFG_MAX_FLASH_SECT

-         CFG_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT

-         CFG_FLASH_WRITE_TOUT

-         CFG_FLASH_LOCK_TOUT

-         CFG_FLASH_UNLOCK_TOUT

-         CFG_FLASH_PROTECTION

-         CFG_DIRECT_FLASH_TFTP

-         CFG_FLASH_CFI

-         CFG_FLASH_CFI_DRIVER

-         CFG_FLASH_QUIET_TEST

-         CFG_RX_ETH_BUFFER

-         CFG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH

-         CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NVRAM

-         CFG_ENV_IS_IN_EEPROM

-         CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND

-         CFG_SPI_INIT_OFFSET

-         CFG_FAULT_ECHO_LINK_DOWN

Low Level (hardware related) configuration options:

 

-         CFG_CACHELINE_SIZE

-         CFG_DEFAULT_IMMR

-         Floppy Disk Support

-         CFG_IMMR: Internal Memory 的物理地址

-         CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR ：可用于初时数据或堆栈的存储起始地址

-         CFG_GBL_DATA_OFFSET ：在由 CFG_INIT_RAM_ADDR 定义的存储器中初始化数据的偏移

-         CFG_SIUMCR ： SIU Module Configuration

-         CFG_SYPCR ： System Protection Control

-         CFG_TBSCR ： Time Base Status and Control

-         CFG_PISCR ： Periodic interrupt status and control

-         CFG_PLPRCR ： PLL, Low-Power, and Reset Control Register

-         CFG_SCCR ： System Clock and reset Control Register

-         CFG_OR_TIMING_SDRAM

-         CFG_MAMR_PTA

-         CFG_DER ： Debug event register

-         FLASH_BASE0_PRELIM, FLASH_BASE1_PRELIM, CFG_REMAP_OR_AM,

-         CFG_PRELIM_OR_AM, CFG_OR_TIMING_FLASH, CFG_OR0_REMAP, CFG_OR0_PRELIM, CFG_BR0_PRELIM, CFG_OR1_REMAP, CFG_OR1_PRELIM, CFG_BR1_PRELIM ： Memory Controller Definitions ： BR0/1 and OR0/1(FLASH)

-    SDRAM_BASE2_PRELIM, SDRAM_BASE3_PRELIM, SDRAM_MAX_SIZE,

     CFG_OR_TIMING_SDRAM, CFG_OR2_PRELIM, CFG_BR2_PRELIM,

    CFG_OR3_PRELIM, CFG_BR3_PRELIM：Memory Controller Definitions：BR2/3   and OR2/3(SDRAM)

-          CFG_MAMR_PTA, CFG_MPTPR_2BK_4K, CFG_MPTPR_1BK_4K, CFG_MPTPR_2BK_8K, CFG_MPTPR_1BK_8K, CFG_MAMR_8COL, CFG_MAMR_9COL：Machine Mode Register and Memory Periodic Timer Prescaler definitions（SDRAM timing）

-         CFG_I2C_UCODE_PATCH, CFG_I2C_DPMEM_OFFSET [0x1FC0]

-         CFG_SPI_UCODE_PATCH, CFG_SPI_DPMEM_OFFSET [0x1FC0]:

-         CFG_USE_OSCCLK

-         CFG_CPM_POST_WORD_ADDR,CFG_PCI_SLV_MEM_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_SLV_MEM_BUS, CFG_PICMR0_MASK_ATTRIB, CFG_PCI_MSTR0_LOCAL, CFG_PCIMSK0_MASK, CFG_PCI_MSTR1_LOCAL, CFG_PCIMSK1_MASK, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEM_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEM_BUS, CFG_CPU_PCI_MEM_START,CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEM_SIZE, CFG_POCMR0_MASK_ATTRIB, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEMIO_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEMIO_BUS, CPU_PCI_MEMIO_START, CFG_PCI_MSTR_MEMIO_SIZE, CFG_POCMR1_MASK_ATTRIB, CFG_PCI_MSTR_IO_LOCAL, CFG_PCI_MSTR_IO_BUS, CFG_CPU_PCI_IO_START, CFG_PCI_MSTR_IO_SIZE, CFG_POCMR2_MASK_ATTRIB

-         CONFIG_ETHER_ON_FEC

-         CONFIG_FEC[12]_PHY

-         CONFIG_FEC[12]_PHY_NORXERR

-         CONFIG_RMII

-         CONFIG_CRC32_VERIFY

-         CONFIG_LOOPW

-         CONFIG_MX_CYCLIC

-         CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT

     CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT  

 

Buildin the Software:

 

U-BOOT已经在native PPC环境和交叉环境中测试过，包括在LinuxPPC 2000, RedHat  Linux on x86, Solaries 2.6 on SPARC及NetBSD 1.5 on x86。 如果不是使用native PPC environment，那么则需要具有交叉编译工具如前缀“powerpc-linux-”等编译器，链接器，elf文件分析器等工具。这是需要重新定义Makefile中的CROSS_COMPILE。例如：CROSS_COMPILE = ppc_4xx-，此外，还需要制定U-Boot为特定的board type。

              make NAME_CONFIG

最后，运行

             make all

来生成U-Boot images。生成的image包括：

           u-boot.bin      是raw binary image

           u-boot            是ELF格式的image

           u-boot.srec   是Motorola(FreeScale)的s-records format

此外，还需要注意，与GNU mkae不同，在NetBSD下应该使用"gmake"

 U-Boot的移植

     如果使用的platform不存在，则需要将U-BOOT进行移植。步骤如下：   

（ 1 ）    为使用的board为Makefile和MAKEALL添加新的configuration option。
（ 2 ）    为使用的board新建一个新的目录，该目录下至少应该包含“Makefile”
                      “ < board > .c”和“flash.c”及“u - boot.lds”
（ 3 ）    运行“make  < board > _config”
（ 4 ）    运行“make”，则会生成“u - boot.srec” image
（ 5 ）    Debug and test