基于mosquitto库搭建mqtt客户端发布实现与阿里云的通信

我们先看一下搭建mqtt的基本流程图吧（不是项目的流程图，我简单画的一个）。

关于调用mosquitto库中的函数的学习，可以参考一下我写的常见mosquitto库中函数的学习：https://blog.csdn.net/makunIT/article/details/107283260

在写代码的时候，我用到了iniparser库和cJSON库，我们要先明白iniparser库以及cJSON库，为什么要学习这个呢？首先iniparser库可以对ini文件进行解析、设置、删除等操作，我们知道当我们与阿里云进行通信时，需要很多参数，比如要知道阿里云的域名，端口、以及username、passwd、客户端id以及发布的主题、服务质量都需要进行配置，所以使用iniparsesr库可以解决很多配置的问题。如下图是我写的ini文件

关于iniparser库的学习可以参考以下我之前写的博客，博客链接为：
https://blog.csdn.net/makunIT/article/details/107209915

那么我们为什么还需要学习cJSON库那，cJSON是一个超轻巧，携带方便，单文件，简答的可以作为ANSI-C标准的解析器。而json是一种在服务器端和客户端交换数据的轻量级数据格式，而对于阿里云的上报会比较严格，还需要相同的json格式发布阿里云平台才能收到，而cJSON库的使用可以创建josn格式的数据。
关于cJSON的学习可以参考一下我的博客：https://blog.csdn.net/makunIT/article/details/107199000

以上是我创建的json格式的数据，我们将把这个消息发送给阿里云。

我们先来看一下我这段代码的作用，这段代码是我写的通过传参的形式来配置连接阿里云之间的通信的，为什么我们用ini文件配置了为什么还要传连接时候的参数那，因为这样可以实现代码的利用率，这样我们再阿里云再创建一个设备时，我们可以直接通过参数来连接阿里云，这样也会更加方便一点。

int set_mqtt_conf(char *path_ini, char *host, int port, char *clientid, char *user, char *passwd, char *topic)
{
    FILE        *fp = NULL;
    dictionary  *ini = NULL;
    char        * mqtt_port;
    char          mqtt_pot[16];

    if(port)
    {
        snprintf(mqtt_pot, sizeof(mqtt_pot), "%d" , port);
        mqtt_port = mqtt_pot;
    }

    ini = iniparser_load(path_ini);

    if(ini == NULL)
    {
        printf("iniparser failure \n");
        return -1;
    }
    /*配置参数*/
    iniparser_set(ini, "aly_address:host", host);
    iniparser_set(ini, "aly_address:port", mqtt_port);
    iniparser_set(ini, "clientId:id", clientid);
    iniparser_set(ini, "user_passwd:username", user);
    iniparser_set(ini, "user_passwd:passwd", passwd);
    iniparser_set(ini, "pub_topic:topic", topic);
    /*有些参数后面再配置*/

    fp = fopen(path_ini, "w");
    if(fp == NULL)
    {
        printf("stone: fopen error!\n");
        return -2;
    }
    
    iniparser_dump_ini(ini, fp);

    iniparser_freedict(ini);

    return 0;
}

我们再来看这段代码，这段代码的功能就是解析ini文件，实现连接阿里云，实现两者的通信，我们使用iniparser库获取ini文件的配置，然后填充结构体，此结构体的内容将会在发布的时候要用到。

int gain_mqtt_conf(char *path_ini, mqtt_ctx_t *mqtt)
{
    dictionary    *ini = NULL;
    const char    *hostname;
    int           port;
    const char    *username;
    const  char   *passwd;
    const  char   *clientid;
    const  char   *pubTopic;
    int           pubQos;
    int           keepalive;

    const   char *method;
    const   char *id;
    const   char *identifier;
    const   char *version;

    if(!path_ini || !mqtt)
    {   
        printf("Invalid input argument in %s!\n",__FUNCTION__);
        return -1; 
    }   

    /* 加载配置文件，将数据存于dictionary结构中*/
    ini = iniparser_load(path_ini);
    if(ini == NULL)
    {   
        printf("iniparser_load failure!\n");
        return -2; 
    }


    /*获取字符串，若未找到返回第三个参数的内容*/
    hostname = iniparser_getstring(ini,"aly_address:host", DEF_BORKER_HOSTNAME);
    port = iniparser_getint(ini,"aly_address:port", DEF_BORKER_PORT);

    username = iniparser_getstring(ini, "user_passwd:username", DEF_BORKER_USERNAME);
    passwd = iniparser_getstring(ini, "user_passwd:passwd", DEF_BORKER_PASSWD);

    clientid = iniparser_getstring(ini, "clientId:id",DEF_BORKER_CLIENTID );

    pubTopic = iniparser_getstring(ini, "pub_topic:topic", DEF_BORKER_PUBTOPIC);


    pubQos = iniparser_getint(ini, "aly_Qos:QoS", DEF_PUBQOS);

    keepalive = iniparser_getint(ini, "KEEP_ALIVE:alive",DEF_BROKER_KEEPALIVE);

    method = iniparser_getstring(ini, "aly_json:method",DEF_METHOD);
    id = iniparser_getstring(ini, "aly_json:id",DEF_ID);
    identifier = iniparser_getstring(ini, "aly_json:identifier",DEF_IDENTIFIER);
    version = iniparser_getstring(ini, "aly_json:version",DEF_VERSION);

    strncpy(mqtt->method, method, sizeof(mqtt->method));
    strncpy(mqtt->id, id, sizeof(mqtt->method));
    strncpy(mqtt->identifier, identifier,sizeof(mqtt->identifier));
    strncpy(mqtt->version, version, sizeof(mqtt->version));



    /*  Broker settings  */
    strncpy(mqtt->hostname, hostname, sizeof(mqtt->hostname) );
    mqtt->port = port;
    printf("Use default broker server [%s:%d]\n", mqtt->hostname, mqtt->port);

    strncpy(mqtt->username, username, sizeof(mqtt->username) );
    strncpy(mqtt->passwd , passwd, sizeof(mqtt->passwd) );
    printf("Use default broker author by [%s:%s]\n", mqtt->username, mqtt->passwd);

    mqtt->keepalive= keepalive;
    printf("Use default broker keepalive timeout [%d] seconds\n", mqtt->keepalive);

    /*  Publisher settings  */
    strncpy(mqtt->pubTopic, pubTopic, sizeof(mqtt->pubTopic));
    mqtt->pubQos = pubQos;
    printf( "Use default publisher topic \"%s\" with Qos[%d]\n",mqtt->pubTopic, mqtt->pubQos);

    strncpy(mqtt->clientid,  clientid, sizeof(mqtt->clientid));

    /*释放dictionary对象/内存*/
    iniparser_freedict(ini); 

    return 0;

}

以下代码是搭建客户端的主函数，此函数主要用mosquitto库里面的函数，连接阿里云然后发送JSON格式的数据，实现将客户端发布的数据，显示到阿里云平台上面。

/*********************************************************************************
 *      Copyright:  (C) 2020 makun<1394987689@qq.com>
 *                  All rights reserved.
 *
 *       Filename:  mosquitto_pub.c
 *    Description:  This file 
 *                 
 *        Version:  1.0.0(2020年07月08日)
 *         Author:  makun <1394987689@qq.com>
 *      ChangeLog:  1, Release initial version on "2020年07月08日 22时30分04秒"
 *                 
 ********************************************************************************/


#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <mosquitto.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include "conf.h"
#include "cJSON.h"


#define  PROG_VERSION "1.0.0"
#define  PATH_INT "./mqtt_aly_conf.ini"

void pub_conn_callback(struct mosquitto *mosq, void *obj, int rc);
static void  print_usage( char *progname)
{
    printf("Usage  %s [option]...\n", progname);
    printf("%s is makun studi MQTT daemon program running on RaspberryPi\n", progname);

    printf("-p (--port):   the port of the server you want to connect\n");
    printf("-h (--host):   the hostname of the server you want to connect\n");
    printf("-u (--user):   the username of the client\n");
    printf("-P (--passwd): the passwd of the client you\n");
    printf("-i (--clientid): the clientid of the user\n");
    printf("-t (--topic):  the topic of the client you want to pub\n");
    printf("-H (--help): Display this help information\n");
    printf("-v (--version): Display the program version\n");

    printf("%s  Version %s\n", progname, PROG_VERSION);
    return ;
}

int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
    char         *host = NULL;
    int          port ;
    char         *clientid = NULL;
    char         *user = NULL;
    char         *passwd = NULL;
    char         *topic = NULL;
    int          rv = -1;
    int          opt= -1;
    char         *progname = NULL;
    bool         session = true;
    mqtt_ctx_t   mqtt;

    struct mosquitto *mosq = NULL;

    
    struct option long_options[]= {
        {"host", required_argument, NULL, 'h'},
        {"port", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
        {"user", required_argument, NULL, 'u'},
        {"passwd",required_argument, NULL,'P'},
        {"topic", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
        {"clientid", required_argument, NULL, 'i'},
        {"help", no_argument, NULL, 'H'},
        {"version", no_argument, NULL, 'v'},
        {0, 0, 0, 0}
    };

    progname = (char *)basename(argv[0]);

    while( (opt = getopt_long(argc, argv,"h:p:u:P:i:tHv", long_options,NULL)) != -1)
    {
        switch (opt)
        {
            case 'h':
                host = optarg;
                break;
            case 'p':
                port = atoi(optarg);
                break;
            case 'u':
                user = optarg;
                break;
            case 'P':
                passwd = optarg;
                break;
            case 'i':
                clientid = optarg;
            case 't':
                topic = optarg;
                break;
            case 'v':
                printf("%s Version %s\n",progname, PROG_VERSION);
                return 0;
            case 'H':
                print_usage(progname);
                return 0;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    rv=set_mqtt_conf(PATH_INT, host, port, clientid, user,passwd, topic);
    if(rv < 0)
    {
        printf("set mqtt conf is failure %d\n", rv);
        return -1;
    }

    memset(&mqtt, 0, sizeof(mqtt));

    rv = gain_mqtt_conf(PATH_INT, &mqtt);
    if(rv < 0)
    {
        printf("gain mqtt conf failure %d\n", rv);
        return -2;
    }

    /*必须在任何其他mosquitto功能之前调用*/
    mosquitto_lib_init();

    /*创建一个新的mosquitto客户端实例,第二个参数为true，代理清除断开连接时的所有消息和订阅*/
    mosq = mosquitto_new(mqtt.clientid,session, (void *)&mqtt );
    if(!mosq)
    {
        printf("mosquitto new failure: %s\n", strerror(errno));
        goto cleanup;
    }

    printf("Create mosquitto successfuly\n");

    /*设置连接回调，当代理发送CONNACK消息以响应连接时，将调用此方法*/
    mosquitto_connect_callback_set(mosq, pub_conn_callback);


    /*配置mosquitto实例的用户名和密码*/
    if( mosquitto_username_pw_set(mosq, mqtt.username,mqtt.passwd) !=MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS)
    {
        printf("mosquitto username and passwd failure:%s\n",strerror(errno));
        goto cleanup;
    }

    while(1)
    {
        /*连接MQTT代理*/
        if(mosquitto_connect(mosq, mqtt.hostname, mqtt.port, mqtt.keepalive) != MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS )
        {
            printf("mosquitto connect server failure:%s\n",strerror(errno));
            continue;
            sleep(1);
        }

        /*无线阻塞循环调用loop*/
        mosquitto_loop_forever(mosq, -1, 1 );
        sleep(10);
    }

cleanup:
    printf("program will exit\n");
    mosquitto_destroy(mosq);
    mosquitto_lib_cleanup();

    return 0;

}


void pub_conn_callback(struct mosquitto *mosq, void *obj, int rc)
{
    mqtt_ctx_t  *mqtt;
    int mid;
    char    *msg;
    cJSON   *root = cJSON_CreateObject();
    cJSON   *item = cJSON_CreateObject();
    int     retain = 0;
    char    *payload = "moquitto test aly";

    if(!mosq ||!obj)
    {
        printf("invalid input argument\n");
        return ;
    }
    mqtt = (mqtt_ctx_t *)obj;

    cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "method", cJSON_CreateString(mqtt->method));//根节点下添加
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "id", cJSON_CreateString(mqtt->id));//根节点下添加
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "params",item);
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(item, mqtt->identifier, cJSON_CreateString(payload));
    cJSON_AddItemToObject(root, "version", cJSON_CreateString(mqtt->version));
    
    msg = cJSON_Print(root);
    printf("%s\n", msg);

    if(!rc)
    {  
        if( mosquitto_publish(mosq,&mid,mqtt->pubTopic,strlen(msg)+1, msg, mqtt->pubQos, retain) != MOSQ_ERR_SUCCESS )  
        {   
            printf("Mosq_Publish() error: %s\n", strerror(errno));
            return ;
        }
        printf("pubilush topic:%s\n",mqtt->pubTopic) ;
    }
    mosquitto_disconnect(mosq) ;

}

我们打开阿里云平台上的在线调试。

这样我们就成功实现了客户端到服务器端的通信，以上，只是我写的一个测试的例子，接下来，我将学习SHT20获取温度，然后通过mqtt客户端发布温度，阿里云能够实时监控到温度的一个学习，感兴趣的可以关注一下我的博客，我们一起学习。

编程源码链接:https://gitee.com/ma_kung/mqtt