设计模式——模板方法模式（Template Pattern）+ Spring相关源码

码鹿的笔记

已于 2023-11-07 21:27:25 修改

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分类专栏： Programming Concepts 文章标签：设计模式 template method template adapterpattern 模板模板模式 spring

于 2023-11-02 01:29:19 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/malu_record/article/details/134173039

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一、模板方法模式定义

类型： 行为型模式
定义了方法的实现步骤（可以有默认的具体实现），并提供1~n个可扩展/重写的方法，实现特定步骤的算法可替换。

二、例子

2.1 菜鸟教程例子

2.1.1 抽象类Game 定义了play方法的执行步骤。

public abstract class Game {
   abstract void initialize();
   abstract void startPlay();
   abstract void endPlay();
 
   //模板
   public final void play(){
      //初始化游戏
      initialize();
      //开始游戏
      startPlay();
      //结束游戏
      endPlay();
   }
}

2.1.2 继承Game类并实现initialize、startPlay、endPlay方法。

public class Cricket extends Game {
   @Override
   void endPlay() {
      System.out.println("Cricket Game Finished!");
   }
 
   @Override
   void initialize() {
      System.out.println("Cricket Game Initialized! Start playing.");
   }
 
   @Override
   void startPlay() {
      System.out.println("Cricket Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
   }
}

public class Football extends Game {
 
   @Override
   void endPlay() {
      System.out.println("Football Game Finished!");
   }
 
   @Override
   void initialize() {
      System.out.println("Football Game Initialized! Start playing.");
   }
 
   @Override
   void startPlay() {
      System.out.println("Football Game Started. Enjoy the game!");
   }
}

2.1.3 使用

public class TemplatePatternDemo {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
 
      Game game = new Cricket();
      game.play();
      System.out.println();
      game = new Football();
      game.play();      
   }
}

2.2 JDK源码 —— Map

public interface Map<K, V> {
	V get(Object key);
	V put(K key, V value);
	V remove(Object key);
	
	default V merge(K key, V value, BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction);
        Objects.requireNonNull(value);
        V oldValue = get(key);
        V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value : remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value);
        if (newValue == null) {
            remove(key);
        } else {
            put(key, newValue);
        }
        return newValue;
    }

}

2.3 Spring源码 —— JdbcTemplate

JdbcTemplate 也是运用了模板模式。
不过具体实现并非通过重写方法实现，而是通过参数传进来的RowMapper。

public class JdbcTemplate extends JdbcAccessor implements JdbcOperations {
   public <T> T queryForObject(String sql, RowMapper<T> rowMapper) throws DataAccessException {
        List<T> results = this.query(sql, rowMapper);
        return DataAccessUtils.nullableSingleResult(results);
    }
}

换个角度来看，这是不是也是一种策略模式？

2.4 Spring源码 —— RestTemplate

RestTemplate 也是运用了模板模式。
具体实现也并非通过重写方法实现，而是通过参数传RequestCallback 、ResponseExtractor。

public class RestTemplate extends InterceptingHttpAccessor implements RestOperations {
	    @Nullable
    protected <T> T doExecute(URI url, @Nullable HttpMethod method, @Nullable RequestCallback requestCallback, @Nullable ResponseExtractor<T> responseExtractor) throws RestClientException {
        Assert.notNull(url, "URI is required");
        Assert.notNull(method, "HttpMethod is required");
        ClientHttpResponse response = null;

        Object var14;
        try {
            ClientHttpRequest request = this.createRequest(url, method);
            if (requestCallback != null) {
                requestCallback.doWithRequest(request);
            }

            response = request.execute();
            this.handleResponse(url, method, response);
            var14 = responseExtractor != null ? responseExtractor.extractData(response) : null;
        } catch (IOException var12) {
            String resource = url.toString();
            String query = url.getRawQuery();
            resource = query != null ? resource.substring(0, resource.indexOf(63)) : resource;
            throw new ResourceAccessException("I/O error on " + method.name() + " request for \"" + resource + "\": " + var12.getMessage(), var12);
        } finally {
            if (response != null) {
                response.close();
            }

        }

        return var14;
    }
}