数据结构之C++实现图（Graph）（无主函数）

图：由顶点的有穷非空集合和顶点之间边的集合组成，表示为G(V,E)，V表示为顶点的集合，E表示为边的集合。

两种存储方式：邻接矩阵和邻接表

邻接矩阵存储：

1. 存储顶点：用一个连续的空间存储n个顶点，如有5个顶点{a,b,c,d,e}，可以存储为char VertexList[] = {‘a’,’b’,’c’,’d’,’e’};

2. 存储顶点之间的边：将由n个顶点组成的边用一个n*n的矩阵来存储，如果两个顶点之间有边，则表示为1，否则为0。例如矩阵为int Edge[n][n],如果a-b顶点有边，则将Edge[a下标][b下标] = 1。

例如下图

 

存储矩阵为

代码如下：使用二维数组实现

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#define SIZE 10
///图邻接矩阵
class Graph
{
public:
	Graph()
	{
		MaxVertex = SIZE;
		NumVertex = NumEdge = 0;//顶点数和边数初始化为0
		Vertex = new char[MaxVertex];
		Edge = new int*[MaxVertex];//int *Edge[10];
		int i,j;
		for(i = 0;i<MaxVertex;i++)
			Edge[i] = new int[MaxVertex]; //Edge[10][10]
		for(i = 0;i<MaxVertex;i++)
		{
			for(j = 0;j<MaxVertex;j++)
				Edge[i][j] = 0;
		}
	}
	void InsertVertex(char v)//插入一个顶点v
	{
		if(NumVertex >= MaxVertex)
			return;
		Vertex[NumVertex++] = v;
	}
	int GetVertexI(char v)//查找一个顶点v
	{
		int i;
		for(i = 0;i<NumVertex;i++)
		{
			if(Vertex[i] == v)
				return i;
		}
		return -1;
	}
	void InsertEdge(char v1,char v2)//插入一条由点v1和v2组成的边
	{
		int p1 = GetVertexI(v1);
		int p2 = GetVertexI(v2);
		if(p1 == -1 || p2 == -1)
			return;
		Edge[p1][p2] = Edge[p2][p1] = 1;
		NumEdge++;
	}
	void ShowGraph()//打印函数
	{
		int i,j;
		cout<<"  ";
		for(i = 0;i<NumVertex;i++)
			cout<<Vertex[i]<<" ";
		cout<<endl;
		for(i = 0;i<NumVertex;i++)
		{
			cout<<Vertex[i]<<" ";
			for(j = 0;j<NumVertex;j++)
				cout<<Edge[i][j]<<" ";
			cout<<endl;
		}
	}

	int GetEdgeNum(char v)//获取图的边数
	{
		int p = GetVertexI(v);
		if(p == -1)
			return 0;
		int n = 0;
		for(int i = 0;i<NumVertex;i++)
		{
			if(Edge[p][i] == 1)
				n++;
		}
		return n;
	}
	void DeleteVertex(char v)//删除一个顶点
	{
		int p = GetVertexI(v);
		if(p == -1)
			return;
		int i,j;
		int n=GetEdgeNum(v);
		for(i = p;i<NumVertex-1;i++)  //顶点先删除
			Vertex[i] = Vertex[i+1];
		
		for(i = p;i<NumVertex-1;i++)  //行上移
		{
			for(j = 0;j<NumVertex;j++)
				Edge[i][j] = Edge[i+1][j];
		}
		for(i = 0;i<NumVertex-1;i++)  //列左移
		{
			for(j = p;j<NumVertex-1;j++)
			{
				Edge[i][j] = Edge[i][j+1];
			}
		}

		NumVertex--;
		NumEdge-=n;
		
	}
	void DeleteEdge(char v1,char v2)//删除顶点v1和v2之间的边
	{
		int p1 = GetVertexI(v1);
		int p2 = GetVertexI(v2);
		if(p1 == -1 || p2 == -1)
			return;
		if(Edge[p1][p2] == 0)
			return;
		Edge[p1][p2] = Edge[p2][p1] = 0;
		NumEdge--;
	}
	~Graph()
	{
		delete []Vertex;
		Vertex = NULL;
		for(int i=0;i<MaxVertex;i++)
		{
			delete []Edge[i];
			Edge[i] = NULL;
		}
			delete []Edge;
			Edge = NULL;	
			NumVertex=0;//析构函数释放空间可不写
	}
private:
	int MaxVertex;
	int NumVertex;
	int NumEdge;
	char *Vertex;
	int **Edge;
};

邻接表存储：用数组存储顶点，用链表存储和顶点相关联的边。边值为当前顶点在数组中的下标

如图：

 

用邻接表存储如下：

 

 

代码如下所示：使用链表实现

各函数名同图邻接矩阵

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#define SIZE 10
struct Edge
{
	Edge(int v):destvalue(v),link(NULL){}
	int destvalue;
	Edge *link;
};
struct Vertex
{
	Vertex():list(NULL){}
	char data;
	Edge *list;
};
class GraphLink
{
public:
	GraphLink()
	{
		MaxVertex = SIZE;
		NumVertex = NumEdge = 0;
		VertexTable = new Vertex[MaxVertex];
	}
	void InsertVertex(char v)
	{
		if(NumVertex >= MaxVertex)
			return;
		VertexTable[NumVertex++].data = v;
	}
	int GetVertexI(char v)
	{
		for(int i = 0;i<NumVertex;i++)
		{
			if(VertexTable[i].data == v)
				return i;
		}
		return -1;
	}
	void InsertEdge(char v1,char v2)
	{
		int p1 = GetVertexI(v1);
		int p2 = GetVertexI(v2);
		if(p1 == -1 || p2 == -1)
			return;
		//p1->p2
		Edge *ed = new Edge(p2);
		ed->link = VertexTable[p1].list;
		VertexTable[p1].list = ed;

		//p2->p1
		ed = new Edge(p1);
		ed->link = VertexTable[p2].list;
		VertexTable[p2].list = ed;
		NumEdge++;
	}
	void Show()
	{
		int i;
		for(i = 0;i<NumVertex;i++)
		{
			cout<<VertexTable[i].data<<"->";
			Edge *p = VertexTable[i].list;
			while(p)
			{
				cout<<p->destvalue<<"->";
				p = p->link;
			}
			cout<<"nul"<<endl;
		}
	}
	void DeleteEdge(char v1,char v2)
	{
		int p1 = GetVertexI(v1);
		int p2 = GetVertexI(v2);
		if(p1 == -1 || p2 == -1)
			return;
		//p1->p2
		Edge *p = VertexTable[p1].list; 
		Edge *s = NULL;
		while(p && p->destvalue != p2)
		{
			s = p;
			p = p->link;
		}
		if(p == NULL)
			return;
		if(s == NULL)
			VertexTable[p1].list = p->link;
		else
			s->link = p->link;
		delete p;
		//p2->p1
		p = VertexTable[p2].list;
		s = NULL;
		while(p && p->destvalue != p1)
		{
			s = p;
			p = p->link;
		}
		if(s == NULL)
			VertexTable[p2].list = p->link;
		else
			s ->link = p->link;
		delete p;
		p = NULL;
		NumEdge--;
	}
	void DeleteVertex(char v)
	{
		int p = GetVertexI(v);
		if(p == -1)
			return;
		//先删除和顶点相关联的边
		Edge *s = NULL;
		Edge *edp = VertexTable[p].list;//找到v的边
		while(edp)
		{
			int destvalue = edp->destvalue;
			Edge *q = VertexTable[destvalue].list;
			s = NULL;
			while(q && q->destvalue != p)
			{
				s = q;
				q = q->link;
			}
			if(s == NULL)
				VertexTable[destvalue].list = q->link;
			else
				s->link = q->link;
			delete q;
			q = NULL;
			VertexTable[p].list = edp->link;
			delete edp;
			edp = VertexTable[p].list;
			NumEdge--;
		}
		//删除顶点
		NumVertex--;
		//用最后一个覆盖删除的顶点
		VertexTable[p].data = VertexTable[NumVertex].data;   
		VertexTable[p].list = VertexTable[NumVertex].list;

		edp = VertexTable[p].list;
		while(edp)
		{
			int destvalue = edp->destvalue;
			s = VertexTable[destvalue].list;
			while(s&&s->destvalue != NumVertex)
			{
				s = s ->link;
			}
			s->destvalue = p;
			edp = edp->link;
		}
	}
	~GraphLink()
	{
		Edge *p=NULL;
		for(int i=0;i<NumVertex;++i)
		{
			p=VertexTable[i].list;
			while(p)
			{
				VertexTable[i].list=p->link;
				delete p;
				p=VertexTable[i].list;
			}
		}
		delete []VertexTable;
		VertexTable=NULL;
	}
private:
	int MaxVertex;
	int NumVertex;
	int NumEdge;
	Vertex *VertexTable;
};