C++ 多态公有继承-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/mantouyouyou/article/details/131269229

本文展示了C++中如何通过公有继承和虚函数实现多态性。Brass类作为基类，定义了基本的银行账户操作，如Deposit和Withdraw，而BrassPlus类作为派生类，扩展了这些功能并添加了额外的属性和行为。Withdraw和ViewAcct方法在基类和派生类中被重新定义，展示不同的行为，体现了多态性。在main函数中，创建了基类和派生类的对象，并调用它们的方法来演示多态效果。

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多态公有继承

有两种重要的机制可用于实现多态公有继承

在派生类中重新定义基类的方法
使用虚方法

#ifndef __TEST_2_H_
#define __TEST_2_H_
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
typedef unsigned int uint;

class Brass
{
    private:
        string fullname;
        long acctNum;
        double balance;
    public:
        Brass(const string & s = "Nullbody",long an = -1,double bal = 0.0);
        void Deposit(double amt);
        virtual void Withdraw(double amt);
        double Balance()const;
        virtual void ViewAcct()const;
        virtual ~Brass(){}
};

class BrassPlus : public Brass
{
    private:
        double maxLoan;
        double rate;
        double owesBank;
    public:
        BrassPlus(const string & s = "Nullbody",long an = -1,
                    double bal = 0.0,double ml = 500,double r = 0.11125);
        BrassPlus(const Brass & ba,double ml = 500,double r = 0.11125);
        virtual void ViewAcct()const;
        virtual void Withdraw(double amt);
        void ResetMax(double m){maxLoan = m;}
        void ResetRate(double r){rate = r;}
        void ResetOwes(){owesBank = 0;}
};

#endif

Brass类和BrassPlus类都声明了ViewAcct()和Withdraw()方法，但它们的这些方法的行为是不同的
使用关键词virtual声明虚函数

#include"test_2.h"

typedef std::ios_base::fmtflags format;
typedef std::streamsize precis;

format setFormat();
void restore(format f,precis p);

Brass::Brass(const string & s,long an,double bal)
{
    fullname = s;
    acctNum = an;
    balance = bal;
}

void Brass::Deposit(double amt)
{
    if(amt < 0)
        cout << "Negative deposit not allowed; "
            << "deposit is cancelled\n";
    else
        balance += amt;
}

void Brass::Withdraw(double amt)
{
    format initialState = setFormat();
    precis prec = cout.precision(2);

    if(amt < 0)
        cout << "in withdraw\n";
    else if(amt <= balance)
        balance -= amt;
    else
        cout << "amt = " << amt << "\n";
    restore(initialState,prec);
}

double Brass::Balance()const
{
    return balance;
}

void Brass::ViewAcct()const
{
    format initialState = setFormat();
    precis prec = cout.precision(2);
    cout << "fullname = " << fullname << "\n";
    cout << "balance = " << balance << "\n";
    restore(initialState,prec);

}


BrassPlus::BrassPlus(const string & s,long an,
                    double bal,double ml,double r):Brass(s,an,bal)
{
    maxLoan = ml;
    owesBank = 0.0;
    rate = r;
}

BrassPlus::BrassPlus(const Brass & ba,double ml,double r):Brass(ba)
{
    maxLoan = ml;
    owesBank = 0.0;
    rate = r;
}

void BrassPlus::ViewAcct()const
{
    format initialState = setFormat();
    precis prec = cout.precision(2);

    Brass::ViewAcct();
    cout << "maxLoan = " << maxLoan << "\n";
    cout << "owesBank = " << owesBank << "\n";
    cout.precision(3);
    restore(initialState,prec);

}

void BrassPlus::Withdraw(double amt)
{
    format initialState = setFormat();
    precis prec = cout.precision(2);

    double bal = Balance();
    if(amt <= bal)
        Brass::Withdraw(amt);
    else
        cout << "quit withdraw\n";
    restore(initialState,prec);
}

format setFormat()
{
    return cout.setf(std::ios_base::fixed,std::ios_base::floatfield);
}

void restore(format f,precis p)
{
    cout.setf(f,std::ios_base::floatfield);
    cout.precision(p);
}

#include "test_2.h"

int main()
{
    Brass Piggy("Porcelot Piggy",381299,4000.00);
    BrassPlus Hoggy("Horatio Hogg",382288,3000.00);
    Piggy.ViewAcct();
    Hoggy.ViewAcct();
    
    return 0;
}