使用kubectl获取pod日志小技巧

目录

1. 前言

2. kubectl logs

3. 附官方命令解释

---

1. 前言

如何查看k8s中pod的console控制台日志？即类似于docker logs查看容器日志一样；可以使用 kubectl 命令，查看K8S中 Pod的日志。 在这里，将通过kubectl获取 Pod 的日志，包括当前运行、同一deployment下所有副本的日志。

2. kubectl logs

2.1 创建示例

创建nginx deployment，副本为2

 $ kubectl create deployment my-dep --image=nginx --replicas=2
 $ kubectl get pod 
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf   1/1     Running   0          28m
my-dep-5b7868d854-q6lj7   1/1     Running   0          21m

2.2 获取单个pod日志

语法： kubectl logs <pod>

# 示例
$ kubectl logs my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf 
/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method

2.3 获取同一deployment下多个副本pod的日志

语法： kubectl logs -l <key>=<value>

# 示例
# 获取pod labels 
$ kubectl get pod --show-labels
NAME                      READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   LABELS
my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf   1/1     Running   0          33m   app=my-dep,pod-template-hash=5b7868d854
my-dep-5b7868d854-q6lj7   1/1     Running   0          26m   app=my-dep,pod-template-hash=5b7868d854

# 获取多个Pod日志
$ kubectl logs -l app=my-dep
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.23.1
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 4.15.0-122-generic
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/07/26 01:25:33 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/07/26 01:25:33 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.23.1
2022/07/26 01:25:33 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2022/07/26 01:25:33 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 4.15.0-122-generic
2022/07/26 01:25:33 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/07/26 01:25:33 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/07/26 01:25:33 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 30
2022/07/26 01:25:33 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31

2.4 获取pod最近xx行日志

语法：kubectl logs --tail=xx <pod>

# 获取pod最近5行日志
$ kubectl logs --tail=5 my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf 
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 4.15.0-122-generic
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32

2.5 获取最近一段时间的日志

语法：kubectl logs --since=1h/m <pod>

# 获取最近1分钟/小时的日志
$ kubectl logs my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf --since=1m
$ kubectl logs my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf --since=1h

/docker-entrypoint.sh: /docker-entrypoint.d/ is not empty, will attempt to perform configuration
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Looking for shell scripts in /docker-entrypoint.d/
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Getting the checksum of /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
10-listen-on-ipv6-by-default.sh: info: Enabled listen on IPv6 in /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/20-envsubst-on-templates.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Launching /docker-entrypoint.d/30-tune-worker-processes.sh
/docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.23.1
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 4.15.0-122-generic
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 31
2022/07/26 01:18:56 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32

2.6 kubectl logs --previous

获取上一个崩溃但还存在的pod的日志，说实在的，不是很懂，官方的解释是：--previous=false: If true, print the logs for the previous instance of the container in a pod if it exists. 意思是：上一个崩溃过，但还存在的实例的日志。暂无场景重现。略过

2.7 获取pod中指定或所有容器的日志

查看指定容器日志 语法：kubectl logs <pod> -c <contianer>

# 获取pod中容器名
$ kubectl get pods my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf -o jsonpath={.spec.containers[*].name}
nginx
# 获取指定容器日志
 kubectl logs my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf -c nginx

查看同一个Pod中所有容器日志 语法：kubectl logs <pod> --all-containers

$ kubectl logs my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf --all-containers 

2.8 持续获取Pod日志

语法：kubectl logs -f <pod>

$ kubectl logs -f my-dep-5b7868d854-8d5kf  

3. 附官方命令解释

kubectl logs --help

 -c, --container="": 容器名。
  -f, --follow[=false]: 指定是否持续输出日志。
      --interactive[=true]: 如果为true，当需要时提示用户进行输入。默认为true。
      --limit-bytes=0: 输出日志的最大字节数。默认无限制。
  -p, --previous[=false]: 如果为true，输出pod中曾经运行过，但目前已终止的容器的日志。
      --since=0: 仅返回相对时间范围，如5s、2m或3h，之内的日志。默认返回所有日志。只能同时使用since和since-time中的一种。
      --since-time="": 仅返回指定时间（RFC3339格式）之后的日志。默认返回所有日志。只能同时使用since和since-time中的一种。
      --tail=-1: 要显示的最新的日志条数。默认为-1，显示所有的日志。
      --timestamps[=false]: 在日志中包含时间戳。
      

觉得有用的点个关注和收藏吧~