C++笔记（三）数组与字符串

//complextype.cpp 复合类型

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cstring>

using namespace std;

int main() {

    /*
    数组是一种复合类型，可以存储多个同类型的值。
    */
    short snums[3];//长度为3的short数组
    cout << "no init snums[0]=" << snums[0] << endl;
    cout << "no init  snums[1]=" << snums[1] << endl;
    cout << "no init snums[2]=" << snums[2] << endl;

    snums[0] = 0;
    snums[1] = 1;
    snums[2] = 2;

    cout << "snums[0]=" << snums[0] << endl;
    cout << "snums[1]=" << snums[1] << endl;
    cout << "snums[2]=" << snums[2] << endl;

    cout << "size of snums = " << sizeof(snums) << endl;
    int inums[4] = { 10,20,30,40 };
    cout << "inums[0]=" << inums[0] << endl;
    cout << "inums[1]=" << inums[1] << endl;
    cout << "inums[2]=" << inums[2] << endl;
    cout << "size of inums = " << sizeof(inums) << endl;


    long lnums[3] = { 0 };//全部初始化为0的方法。
    cout << "lnums[0]=" << lnums[0] << endl;
    cout << "lnums[1]=" << lnums[1] << endl;
    cout << "lnums[2]=" << lnums[2] << endl;
    cout << "size of lnums = " << sizeof(lnums) << endl;


    /*
    字符串：字符串是存储在内存中连续字节中的一系列字符。
    c风格的字符串。
    */
    char dog[100] = { 'I',' ','a','m',' ','a',' ','d','o','g','\0'};//不常用的方式
    cout << dog << endl;

    char cat[] = "I am a cat";//c风格比较常用的初始化方式
    cout << cat << endl;
    cout << strlen(cat) << endl;//字符串长度


    /*
    c++字符串：string库
    */
    string str;
    string str1 = "hello world";
    string str2 = { "ni hao a" };//不常用
    string str3 = str1 + str2;//字符串拼接

    cout << "str = " << str << " size=" << str.size() << endl;
    cout << "str1 = " << str1 << " size=" << str1.size() << endl;
    cout << "str2 = " << str2 << " size=" << str2.size() << endl;
    cout << "str3 = " << str3 << " size=" << str3.size() << endl;


    return 0;
}

输出结果：

no init snums[0]=-13108
no init  snums[1]=-13108
no init snums[2]=-13108
snums[0]=0
snums[1]=1
snums[2]=2
size of snums = 6
inums[0]=10
inums[1]=20
inums[2]=30
size of inums = 16
lnums[0]=0
lnums[1]=0
lnums[2]=0
size of lnums = 12
I am a dog
I am a cat
10
str =  size=0
str1 = hello world size=11
str2 = ni hao a size=8
str3 = hello worldni hao a size=19
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